Renewable energy resources Energy systems UNIT-I.ppt

Renewable energy resources power generation systems

1. RENEWABLE ENERGY
RESOURCES
UNIT-I
Prepared by:
Mr. Shaik Mohammed Hussain
Asst. Professor, MED, LIET

2. 1.Introduction to Energy
Energy is essential to every aspect of life, from cooking food to powering
massive industries.
It is defined as the capacity to do work.
Every nation needs energy for economic development, industrial growth,
and improvement in the quality of life.
As the population increases and modern lifestyles become more energy-
intensive, the demand for energy also rises.
Traditionally, humans depended on firewood, animal power, and human
labor. Over time, fossil fuels like coal and oil became dominant.
However, fossil fuels are limited in quantity and harmful to the
environment due to greenhouse gas emissions.
Therefore, there is a global shift toward using renewable energy sources
that are abundant, cleaner, and more sustainable.

4. 2. Classification of Energy Resources
A. Based on Availability
Renewable Energy Resources: These are naturally replenished on a human time
scale. Examples include:
Solar Energy: Energy from sunlight
Wind Energy: Energy from moving air
Hydropower: Energy from moving water
Biomass: Organic matter like wood, crop waste
Geothermal: Heat energy from beneath the Earth
Tidal & Wave Energy: From ocean tides and waves
Non-Renewable Energy Resources: These are finite and will deplete with use.
Examples include:
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
Nuclear Fuels (Uranium, Plutonium)
These resources take millions of years to form and are being consumed at a faster
rate than they are naturally replenished.

5. 3. Conventional vs Non-Conventional Energy Resources
Aspect Conventional Energy Non-Conventional Energy
Examples Coal, Petroleum, Natural GasSolar, Wind, Tidal,
Geothermal
Usage HistoryUsed for over a centuryUsed actively only in recent
decades
AvailabilityLimited Practically unlimited
Pollution High Minimal to none
Cost (initial)Lower initially High initially, lower in long
term
Environmental
Impact
High CO2 and GHG
emissions
Eco-friendly and sustainable

7. 4. Alternative Energy Resources
Alternative energy refers to energy sources that serve as alternatives to the
commonly used non-renewable sources. They are mostly renewable and
environmentally friendly. These include:
Solar energy: Used in homes, industries, agriculture.
Wind energy: Used in wind farms to generate electricity.
Geothermal energy: Used in some parts of the world for heating.
Ocean energy: Tidal and wave energy for power generation.
Biomass: Organic waste converted into biogas or biofuels.
Alternative energy helps to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, improve energy
security, and combat climate change.

8. 5. World Energy Status
Globally, energy consumption is growing rapidly. The major portion still
comes from fossil fuels:
Oil: ~30% of global energy
Coal: ~25%
Natural Gas: ~24%
Renewables: ~15% (includes solar, wind, biomass, etc.)
Nuclear: ~5%
Due to climate concerns, many countries have pledged to achieve net-zero
carbon emissions by 2050. Renewable energy investments have increased,
especially in solar and wind energy sectors.

10. 6. Current Energy Scenario in India
India is the third-largest energy consumer in the world. The energy mix as of
recent years is:
Thermal (Coal, Gas): ~55%
Renewables (Solar, Wind, Hydro, Biomass): ~40%
Nuclear: ~1-2%
Government Initiatives:
National Solar Mission: Aim to achieve 100 GW of solar power capacity.
National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy: For better land and grid use.
Green Energy Corridors: Transmission lines for renewable energy.
Target: 500 GW renewable capacity by 2030.
India has also committed to achieving Net Zero by 2070.

11. 7. Environmental Aspects of Energy Utilization
Negative Impacts of Fossil Fuels:
Air Pollution (CO2, SOx, NOx)
Water pollution from thermal and oil-based plants
Greenhouse effect and global warming
Habitat destruction and mining-related damage
Positive Aspects of Renewable Energy:
Almost zero emissions
Reduced carbon footprint
Sustainable and safer
Lower operating costs over time
Environmental awareness is pushing global energy transitions toward greener
technologies.

12. 8. Energy and Sustainable Development
Sustainable development means using resources to meet present needs
without compromising future generations.
Energy is central to development:
Education: Schools need electricity for lights and computers
Health: Hospitals need power for equipment
Economy: Industries and services need reliable energy
Clean and reliable energy access can uplift rural areas, improve living
standards, and reduce poverty. It supports multiple UN Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).

13. 9. Energy Policies in India
India has taken multiple steps to ensure energy security and environmental safety:
Key Policies:
National Energy Policy (NEP): Long-term energy planning
Electricity Act 2003: Promotes decentralization and private sector involvement
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC):
Solar Mission
Energy Efficiency Mission
Perform, Achieve, Trade (PAT): Energy efficiency for large industries
Renewable Energy Schemes: Subsidies and tax benefits for green energy
These policies aim to increase renewable usage, reduce carbon emissions, and
ensure energy availability to all.