Report in health nutrition and safety.docx

This about Child Abuse and neglect

1. Child Abuse and Neglect
Content:
• Introduction
• Definition
• Consequences of child Abuse and Neglect
• Predisposing factors
• Type of child abuse
• Physical Abuse
• Sexual abuse
• Emotional abuse
• Child neglect
Introduction:
Childhood should be carefree, filled with love and new experiences, but for many
children, this is only a dream due to child abuse and neglect, which is an increasing
social problem. The effects of such abuse and neglect can last throughout a person’s
life, impacting victims, their families, and society.
Definition:
• Child Abuse: Defined as words or overt actions that cause harm, potential harm, or
threat of harm to a child.
• Child Neglect: Harmful acts of omission or failure to provide for a child’s basic
physical, emotional, or educational needs, or to protect a child from harm or potential
harm.
Consequences Of Child Abuse and Neglect:
“ Sensitive period”
Is a broad term that can apply to the effects of extraordinarily strong experiences on the
brain during a limited period in development.

2. “Critical period”
Are a special set of sensitive periods that results in irreversible changes in brain
function.
• All aspects of development are affected including brain, cognitive, and social
development.
• Characteristics of a child’s exposure to abuse or neglect including timing, chronicity,
severity, and type of abuse influence the risk for problematic outcomes.
PREDISPOSING FACTORS:
• PARENTAL CHARACTERISTIC
• CHILD CHARACTERISTICS
• ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARENTAL CHARACTERISTIC
These are factors related to the parents or caregivers that may increase the risk of
child abuse.
✓ Violence

✓
Poverty

✓
Parental history of abuse

✓
Social isolated

✓
Law self esteem

✓
Less adequate maternal function
CHILD CHARACTERISTICS
These are factors related to the child that may increase the risk of child abuse.
✓ Unwanted or unplanned child

✓
No. Of children in the family

✓
Child temperament

✓
Additional physical needs if ill or disabled
✓ Activity level or degree of sensitivity to parental needs
ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS
These are factors related to the environment in which the child lives that may
increase the risk of child abuse.
✓ Problem of divorce

3. ✓
poverty

✓
Unemployment

✓
Poor housing

✓
Frequently relocation

✓
Alcoholism

✓
Drug Addiction
TYPES OF ABUSE
• Physical Abuse
• Sexual Abuse
• Emotional Abuse
• Child Neglect
PHYSICAL ABUSE:
Includes:

✓
Shaking

✓
Hitting

✓
Burning/Scalding

✓
Browning

✓
Suffocating
Physical Abuse
Physical abuse is any act that results in physical injury to a child or adolescent.
However, children and adolescents exposed to physical threats and aggression have
similar outcomes, whether or not a physical injury occurred. Although there are cases
where child abuse occurs outside the home, most often children are abused by a
caregiver or someone they know, not a stranger.
Physical abuse can have long-lasting effects on a child’s development. Children who
are abused physically can develop child traumatic stress. They are also at risk for
depression, anxiety, social difficulties and behavioral problems (such as aggression,
rule-breaking behavior or substance use).
Children of all ages, races, ethnicities and socioeconomic backgrounds are at risk for
physical abuse. Children ages 0-3 are most susceptible to physical abuse and serious
injuries. Every day, five children die from child abuse. Most of these children are under
three years old.
Sexual Abuse

4. Child sexual abuse is defined as sexual activity with a child by an adult, adolescent or
older child. If any adult engages in sexual activity with a child, that is sexual abuse. If
another child or adolescent engages in sexual activity with a child, a grey area enters
where some sexual behavior is innocent exploration rather than abuse.
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE?
• Touching includes touching a child’s genitals, making a child touch someone else’s
genitals, playing sexual games, and/or putting objects or body parts inside the vulva or
vagina, in the mouth, or in the anus of a child for sexual pleasure.
•Non-touching abuse includes showing pornography to a child, exposing a person’s
genitals to a child, prostituting/trafficking a child, photographing a child in sexual poses,
encouraging a child to watch or hear sexual acts either in person or on a video, and/or
watching a child undress or use the bathroom.
Emotional Abuse
Emotional abuse includes a pattern of behaviors that have a negative effect on the
child’s psychological well-being, including constant criticism, threats, and rejection, as
well as withholding love, support, or guidance. Emotional abuse may occur when a child
is:
• Ignored: An adult may not look at or respond to a child.
• Isolated: A child is prevented from having interactions with peers, family members, or
other adults.
• Rejected: An adult actively refuses a child by denying their needs or ridiculing them.
• Terrorized: An adult threatens or bullies the child and creates a climate of fear; the
child or a loved one may be placed in a dangerous situation or threatened with harm.
• Threatened: Including but not limited to indicating or implying future physical abuse,
abandonment, or sexual abuse.
• Verbally assaulted: An adult constantly belittles, shames, ridicules, or threatens a
child.
• Harmed or indicating that the caregiver will harm a person or thing that the child cares
about.
• A witness or victim of domestic violence. Witnessing domestic violence can be
auditory, visual, or inferred. Children who witness this can suffer severe emotional and
developmental difficulties.
Child Neglect

5. Neglect is the failure to provide for a child’s basic needs despite being financially able to
do so. Neglect may be:
• Physical: An adult fails to provide necessary food, shelter, or appropriate supervision.
• Medical: An adult fails to provide necessary medical or mental health treatment.
• Educational: An adult fails to educate a child or attend to special education needs.
• Emotional: An adult fails to provide attention to a child’s emotional needs, fails to
provide psychological care, or permits the child to use alcohol or drugs.
• Abandonment: A parent’s or caregiver’s whereabouts cannot be determined or they
have failed to provide reasonable support for a specific period of time
• Situations where a family has access to resources and information but fails to utilize
them, and the child suffers or is put at risk.
Where Does Child Abuse and Neglect Occur?
Child abuse and neglect can happen anywhere. You should be familiar with two distinct
types of abuse and neglect: familial and institutional.
• Familial abuse or neglect occurs when a child is in the care of a parent or other family
member. This could be in the child’s home, while in the car with family, at the store, in
the parking lot before school starts, or other places in the community. The act of abuse
or neglect is performed by a parent, guardian, or other person designated to provide
care for the child, including siblings and babysitters.
• Institutional abuse or neglect occurs outside the home in community or private
settings, such as schools, religious organizations, community groups, or during
extracurricular activities, while the child is in the care of a non-family member. This type
of abuse or neglect is also known as “out-of-home” or “extrafamilial” abuse or neglect.
This type of abuse typically involves a child and an adult in a supervisory role, like a
teacher, caregiver, or volunteer.
How Can Child Abuse and Neglect be Prevented in Programs?
The lessons that follow in this course will describe specific strategies for preventing
child abuse and neglect in your program. To begin this course, though, take a few
moments to think about yourself and how you can get ready for the important work you
will do with children. Think about how you will go about forming a bond with each child.
Consider the following relationship-building strategies:

6. • Spend time with each child. Enjoy social times together at the snack table, on the
playground, and reading books. Be sure to give children lots of positive attention during
these everyday routines. Laugh together.
• Learn about the important people in each child’s life. Talk with family members. Learn
about older or younger siblings.
• Provide encouragement as preschoolers test their skills. Describe what you see them
do (“You climbed all the way up the slide!”) and help them bounce back from challenges
(“You worked really hard on that structure. Let’s try again.”)
Conclusion
Child abuse and neglect have profound and lasting negative effects on children’s
development and well-being. Early childhood education settings offer a unique
opportunity to identify, prevent, and mitigate the impact of abuse and neglect through
awareness, intervention, and support. By creating safe, nurturing environments and
implementing comprehensive prevention programs, educators can play a crucial role in
protecting children and fostering their healthy development.