Report Writing 4.30.19 PM ihoihohohoihhi2.pdf

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1. Central Idea: Government policies impact the way
societies are structured.

Line of Inquiry: Policies affecting the education system
help in eradicating unemployment.
March 17th 2022
Saad Arsalan
PYP-5
Unemployment

2. ●A literature review from website articles
●Interviews
●Documentaries and Vlogs on unemployment.
Research Methodology

3. ●Frictional Unemployment
When someone is in the process of changing jobs and is waiting for another one.
● Structural Unemployment
When the shifts are reduced and someone quits their job.
●Seasonal Unemployment
When the company is not doing well and releases people from their jobs and not
hiring more people.
Types of Unemployment:

4. The Snowball of Unemployment in 2022

5. Some policies to reduce unemployment are that we can cut interest rates to boost
aggregate demand (AD). We can also cut taxes to boost AD.
Education and training can help reduce structural unemployment. The aim is to give the
long-term unemployed people new skills which help them get a job. It’s been suggested a
maximum working week (35 hours) would lead to firms needing to hire more workers and
reduce unemployment. However, a maximum working week may increase a firm's costs
and therefore they are not willing to hire many more workers. Also, no firm will respond to
a cut in hours by employing more workers; they may try to increase productivity. Those
with the wrong skills will still face the same problems.
Policies for Reducing Unemployment

6. Policies for Reducing Unemployment
There is overwhelming evidence that
higher education less will be the
unemployment. The following chart
from USA data shows that college
degree holders get good top jobs.

7. Policies for Reducing Unemployment
Similarly, the unemployment rate is related
to the level of education. The
unemployment rate is lowest among highly
educated persons about much higher in
persons with low or minimum education.
The following chart shows this.

Fiscal policy can decrease unemployment
by helping to increase aggregate demand
and the rate of economic growth. The
first step towards reducing
unemployment in Pakistan is for the
Government of Pakistan to develop a
comprehensive long-term plan.

8. The Great Depression of 1929 -a Model to study Unemployment
As part of the primary search, me and my group members had an interview with Adnan Zafar. He told
us about unemployment, its laws, benefits, and unemployment insurance. We also got to learn more
about The Great depression. We think that the Great Depression is a perfect example to study
unemployment, its causes, impacts, and government policies. The lessons learned from the Great
depression are universal and can be applied to any country and geographical location with some
variations. It started in August 1929 and ended in March 1933. The great depression started in the USA
and in 1929 the stock market crashed and it created a panic among the consumers.
The great depression affected every aspect of the USA resulting in mass unemployment and high price
inflation. It immediately spread to Europe but the impact was not as great. However, the German
economy swept into very high inflation and steep fall in the value of the German mark and the impact
of the German economy was equal to the USA.
The causes of it were multiple and it is said that the decline started before 1929. Some of the causes
are

9. The Great Depression of 1929 -a Model to study Unemployment
1: Overproduction and underconsumption in agriculture.
2: Overproduction and underconsumption in consumer goods.
3: Decline of traditional industries.
4: Government reliance on the free-market economy and infant regulation of banks
and stock market
5: Policies of protectionism.
6: Increase debt. It is the combination of this factor that resulted in consumer
confidence and the selling of shares in large numbers. As the banks were overwhelmed
by the withdrawal of money, they panicked. This resulted in a vicious cycle and
economic wealth.
For many workers, the great depression was an era of poverty, misery, and
helplessness. Some of the impacts of the depression were:

10. The Great Depression of 1929 -a Model to study Unemployment
1: Unemployment increased, people were desperate for work and there were 14 mil
unemployed people.
2: As the unemployment rules the competition for jobs increased. This resulted in a
reduction in wages and an increase in working hours.
3: Starvation increased. It is said in 1931 about 100 people died in NY because of
starvation.
4: Homelessness increased. About 2 mil people became homeless in the USA alone.
5: They relied on charity and release streams.
In the USA they were angry and they started protesting. The policies of President
Hoover in the USA further damned the crises. The next president was Franklin
Roosevelt who introduced a set of reforms to combat the Great Depression. These
include

11. The Great Depression of 1929 -a Model to study Unemployment
1: “New deal for everyone”
2: More active role of government in the economy, more public works and relive
stream.
3: New ideas to revive agriculture and industry.
All these steps increased public confidence and gave them hope of recovery. In most
affected countries the great depression was recently over by 1933. However, it took
another 5 years to regain full economic recovery. A new kind of economics came into
being that included a more role of government in economic activity. The central banks
were given more power and control over the stock market and banks. Government
spending in the public sector increased. New branch economics as a subject was
created known as macroeconomics.
In Europe septically, Germany the devastation gave rice to despots like Hitler. And nazi
seizure of power.

12. The Great Depression of 1929 -a Model to study Unemployment
Unemployment and poverty have a very lasting effect on people's memory.
Many novels and films were made on the topic of the great depression. Some
examples are Jones Stines Backs, The Great of Wrath, Thomas Wolves, Look
homeward, and F.Squat Fitz Gareds, The Last Tycoon. The great depression
also had an impact on popular culture and music. Most of the theater plays
and musical scrolls depicted the miseries of the common man also gave some
hope. A few common songs of that era were
1: “Just remember that sunshine always follow the rain”
2: “Brother can you spare me a dime”
3: “This land is your land”

13. IMPACT OF GREAT DEPRESSION ON AMERICAN EDUCATION
Education in the USA was greatly influenced by great depression. Although
many schools were closed it provided an opportunity to reform the
educational system and to introduce reforms. Some of them included.

●A part-time employment assistance program for college students was started known as NYA.
●A part-time employment assistance program for college students was started known as NYA.
●For the very first time government began to offer education courses in basic skills.
●Around 13,000 new public schools were built.
●The new deal program employed about 100,00 teachers and engaged them in adult education.
●For the first time, a national school lunch program was created.
●Free school books were provided to the students.