Reproductive_Disorders_Farm_Animals.pptx

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1. Reproductive Disorders and Their Management in Farm Animals Prepared by:

2. Introduction Importance of reproduction in livestock production Impact of reproductive disorders on fertility, productivity & economy

3. Common Reproductive Disorders Male animals: Orchitis, Epididymitis, Cryptorchidism, Impotence Female animals: Anestrus, Repeat breeding, Retained placenta, Prolapse, Metritis, Abortion

4. Causes of Reproductive Disorders Nutritional deficiencies (minerals, vitamins) Infectious agents (Brucella, Leptospira, IBR, Trichomonas) Hormonal imbalance Poor management practices Genetic defects

5. Disorders in Females – Anestrus Definition: Absence of estrus cycle Causes: Malnutrition, stress, ovarian cysts Management: Nutritional supplementation, Hormonal therapy (GnRH, PGF2α), Proper heat detection

6. Repeat Breeding Definition: Animal fails to conceive after 3+ services with fertile bull/semen Causes: Uterine infection, poor AI technique, nutritional issues Management: Antibiotic treatment, Improve AI timing/technique, Balanced ration

7. Retained Placenta Definition: Failure to expel fetal membranes within 12–24 hrs Causes: Dystocia, hypocalcemia, infections Management: Manual removal (careful), Oxytocin/PGF2α, Antibiotics & supportive therapy

8. Prolapse (Vaginal/Uterine) Causes: Dystocia, hypocalcemia, excess body condition Management: Replace and retain prolapsed organ, Purse-string sutures (Bühner’s technique), Supportive care

9. Male Reproductive Disorders Orchitis/Epididymitis → treated with antibiotics Cryptorchidism → surgical correction Impotence/low libido → nutrition, hormonal therapy, exercise

10. Preventive Measures Balanced nutrition (Ca, P, Vit A, E, Se) Vaccination against reproductive diseases (Brucellosis, IBR, Leptospirosis) Proper breeding management Hygienic calving and AI practices Regular reproductive health checkups

11. Conclusion Reproductive efficiency = key for profitability Early detection + proper management reduces economic losses Integration of nutrition, health care & good farm practices is essential