reproductive disorders pharmacognosy advance.pptx

Pharm D

1. Reproductive Disorders Presented by: Moavia , Huzaifa Aamir Yaqoob M. Aqib Aslam M. Faisal Waqas Ahmad Dilawar Hussain Presented to: MAM MADIHA HAQ

2. INTRODUCTION R eproductive health is a condition in which the reproductive process is accomplished in a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease or disorders of the reproductive process. Reproductive health, therefore, apart from absence of disease, implies that people have the ability to reproduce, to regulate their fertility .

3. INTRODUCTION Reproductive disorders are medical conditions that impair the function of the reproductive system. Reproductive disorders are a broad category of conditions that affect the reproductive system. They can affect both men and women, and can interfere with fertility, pregnancy, and sexual function. There are many different types of reproductive disorders, with a variety of causes.

4. COMMON REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS Infections Congenital abnormalities Cancers Functional problems Endocrine

5. INFECTIONS Reproductive tract infection (RTI) are infections that affect the reproductive tract, which is part of the reproductive system. For females, reproductive tract infections can affect the upper reproductive tract (fallopian tubes, ovary and uterus) the lower reproductive tract (vagina, cervix and vulva) F or males , these infections affect the penis, testicles, urethra or the vas deferens.

6. CONT... The three types of reproductive tract infections ; E ndogenous infections I atrogenic infections T he more commonly known sexually transmitted infections Each has its own specific causes and symptoms, caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus or other organism. Some infections are easily treatable and can be cured, some are more difficult, and some are non curable such as AIDS and herpes.

7. CONGENTIAL ABNLORMALITIES A congenital disorder is a condition that is present from birth Congenital disorders can be inherited or caused by environmental factors. Examples of congenital abnormalities of the reproductive system include; Kallmann syndrome Androgen insensitivity syndrome Intersexuality

8. CONT... Kallmann syndrome - Genetic disorder causing decreased functioning of the sex hormone-producing glands caused by a deficiency of one or both testes from the scrotum. Androgen insensitivity syndrome - A genetic disorder causing people who are genetically male (i.e. XY chromosome pair) to develop sexually as a female due to an inability to utilize androgen. Intersexuality - A person who has genitalia and/or other sexual traits which are not clearly male or female.

9. CANCERS Examples of cancers of the reproductive system include ; Breast cancer - Cancer of the mammary gland Cervical cancer - Cancer of the cervix Ovarian cancer - Cancer of the ovary Prostate cancer - Cancer of the prostate gland Uterine cancer - Cancer of the uterus Testicular cancer - Cancer of the testicle

10. FUNCTIONAL PROBLEMS Examples of functional problems of the reproductive system include ; Hypogonadism - A lack of function of the gonads, in regards to either hormones or gamete production. Ectopic pregnancy - When a fertilized ovum is implanted in any tissue other than the uterine wall. Premature ejaculation - A lack of voluntary control over ejaculation. Dysmenorrhea - Is a medical condition of pain during menstruation that interferes with daily activities

11. ENDOCRINE I t is also known that disruption of the endocrine system by certain chemicals adversely affects the development of the reproductive system and can cause vaginal cancer. Many other reproductive diseases have also been link to exposure to synthetic and environmental chemicals. Common chemicals with known links to reproductive disorders include: lead, dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, styrene, toluene, BPA (Bisphenol A) and pesticides.

12. HERBS USED FOR REPRODUCTIVE DISOREDERS TREATMENT Saraca indica Ruta graveolens Nigella sativa Glycyrrhiza glabra Claviceps purpurea Myristica fragrance

13. SARACA INDICA Common name: Ashoka tree Botanical origin: Saraca asoca Family: Fabaceae

14. CONT....... chemical constituents: The chemical constituents reported from this plant belong to different classes such as tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols alkanes, esters, anthocyanin pigments fatty acids and carbohydrates.

15. CONT..... Role in reproductive disorders: Menstrual Disorders Regulating Periods Reducing Cramps Easing Menopausal Symptoms Uterine Health Strengthening the Uterus

16. CONT..... Other Potential Uses Fibroids and Cysts Leucorrhea Antioxidant wound healing skin care

17. RUTA GRAVEOLENS C ommon name: herb-of-grace S cientific name: Ruta graveolens Family : Rutaceae

18. CONT..... C hemical constituents: . Essential oils . Furanocoumarins : These are a class of chemicals that can cause skin irritation and photosensitivity. The main furanocoumarin in Ruta graveolens is called rutacridone . . Alkaloids

19. CONT.... Role in reproductive disorders: While Ruta graveolens (rue) has been used traditionally in some cultures for reproductive issues, it's important to approach this with caution for several reasons ; Limited Scientific Evidence Potential Risks Mechanism of Action Unclear

20. CONT.... Here's a safer approach: Consult a Doctor Explore Conventional Options Instead of Ruta graveolens, here are some options to discuss with your doctor ; Hormonal therapy Anti-inflammatory medications Surgery

21. CONT.... Medicinal Uses (limited evidence): Arthritis and pain Digestive issues Insect repellent Important Safety Considerations: Rue can be toxic if ingested in high doses and can cause serious health problems. It's not recommended for Pregnancy or breastfeeding: can cause miscarriage or harm the baby. People with certain medical conditions: can interaction occur.

22. NIGELLA SATIVA Common name: Black seed. scientific name: Nigella sativa Family: Ranunculaceae

23. CONT... C hemical constituents: Thymoquinone Thymoquinone (TQ) Thymohydroquinone Thymol Carvacrol Thymoquinone Phellandrene α- pinene,and β- pinene

24. CONT.... Role in reproductive disorders: Improved Sperm Parameters Hormonal Regulation Anti-inflammatory Effects Increased Sexual Function Infertility

25. CONT... OTHER USES: Spices Flavoring Agent Blood Sugar Control Wound Healing

26. GLYCYRRIHZA GLABRA Common name: licorice and sweet wood Scientific name: Glycyrrhiza glabra Family: Fabaceae

27. CONT.... C hemical constituents: glycyrrhizin glycyrrhetic acid isoliquiritin isoflavones Isoliquiritigenin Isoliquiritigenin

28. CONT.... Role in reproductive disorders: Licorice root contains a compound called glycyrrhizin, which can mimic some effects of estrogen and progesterone. This has led to the theory that it might be beneficial for regulating female hormones in conditions like PCOS or endometriosis. Anti-androgenic Effects: Licorice root might also have anti-androgenic properties, meaning it could potentially lower testosterone levels. While this might be helpful for PCOS, it could also be detrimental to male fertility.

29. CONT.... O ther uses: Soothing Respiratory Issues Digestive Relief Antiviral Effects Sweetener Antioxidant Activity

30. CLAVICEPS PURPUREA Common name: Ergot S cientific name: Claviceps purpurea Family: Clavicipitaceae

31. CONT... Chemical constituents: Clavicepsic acid Mannitol: Ergosterol Ergot alkaloids Ergonovine

32. CONT... Role in reproductive disorders: Abortion Maternal bleeding Uterine contraction O ther uses: Ergot Poisoning Migraine Headaches Bleeding Control

33. MYRISTICA FRAGRANCE Common name: Nutmeg S cientific name: Myristica fragrans Family: Myristicaceae

34. CONT.... Chemical constituents: Myristicin , Myristic acid, Elemicin Saffrole Sugenol Palmitic acid, oleic acid, alpha- pinene , beta- pinene

35. CONT... Role in reproductive disorders: Menstrual problems: Regulating irregular periods or easing cramps. Fertility issues: Both men and women have used nutmeg traditionally to improve fertility, although the effectiveness is unclear. Pregnancy complications: There are claims of nutmeg use for miscarriage or labor induction, but these are dangerous and not recommended.

36. CONT... OTHER USES: Digestive problems (upset stomach, diarrhea) Pain relief (muscle aches, toothaches) Anxiety and sleep problems (limited evidence) Spices

37. REFERENCES https://gemini.google.com/app https://chatgpt.com/?oai-dm=1 https://www.wikipedia.org/ https://scholar.google.com.pk/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/