RESEARCH: RESEARCH NEEDS READERS TOO.pdf

RESEARCH NEEDS READERS

1. 1
RESEARCH
NEEDS
READERS TOO
MAMTA CHHABRIYA

2. 2
RESEARCH NEEDS
READERS TOO
●Research is only powerful when it
communicates effectively.
●Research must engage, inform, and
persuade.
●Academic writing is not just technical,
it’s rhetorical.
●Writers must think about audience,
purpose, and credibility.

3. 3
1 2 3
LOGOS
Logic
&
Reason
PATHOS
Emotion
&
Audience
Connection


ETHOS
Credibility
&
Trust
THE RHETORIC
TRIANGLE
Confidential

4. ETHOS:
CREDIBILITY
BUILDING ETHOS:
●Trustworthiness and authority
●Using professional and formal
language
●Citing credible and current
research
●Demonstrating knowledge and
integrity
●Referencing evidence-based
guidelines or peer-reviewed
studies shows that you are
informed and responsible.

5. PATHOS:
EMOTIONAL
APPEAL
Connecting with the reader’s values,
emotions, or sense of empathy:
●Using a patient case to
humanize the issue
●Showing the real-world
significance of findings
●Be cautious: Overuse of emotion
can reduce objectivity.

6. LOGOS:
LOGIC &
REASONING
Clarity, structure, and evidence:
●Academic readers expect
logical arguments, clear
reasoning, and data to support
claims.
●Explaining your reasoning
clearly
●Using well-organized
paragraphs
●Presenting data, examples, and
citations properly

7. 7
A process
A concept
An outcome
Use clear definitions
step-by-step descriptions
neutral tone


KNOW YOUR PURPOSE
Are you explaining? Arguing? Analyzing?
EXPLAINING ANALYZINGARGUING
For a position
An intervention
A viewpoint


An issue
A trend
A set of data

8. 8
Think About Your Readers: What Do They Need?
Who is my audience?
●Experts? General readers? Multidisciplinary teams?
●What do they already know?
●Avoid repeating known facts build on them.
●What do they need explained?
●Clarify unfamiliar terms, context, or methods.
●What might they question or resist?
●Anticipate doubts use evidence and logic to address them.
Tailor your language, tone, and level of detail to meet
your reader’s needs, not just your own.

9. 9
Use Data and Sources: Let Evidence Drive Your Writing
●Strong academic writing is evidence-based, not opinion-based.
●Support your claims with data, research, and reliable sources.
●It builds trust with your readers
●Supports your arguments with measurable facts
●Shows engagement with current research
●Strengthens logical appeal (Logos)
●Use peer-reviewed journals, guidelines, and official data
●Integrate statistics, case studies, and scholarly references
●Always cite sources accurately using the required style (e.g., APA, AMA, Vancouver)

Don’t just include data, explain what it means and why it matters to your
argument or analysis.

10. 10
Establish Credibility: Be Accurate, Honest, and Clear
●Credibility (Ethos) is essential in academic writing.
Readers must trust that your work is reliable, ethical and professionally presented.
●Use accurate facts: no exaggeration or assumptions
●Cite all sources correctly and consistently
●Be transparent: acknowledge limitations or uncertainties
●Use clear, objective language: avoid emotional or biased tone

Credibility isn’t about sounding fancy, it’s about being truthful, informed,
and respectful of your reader’s trust.

11. 11
Be Ethical: Cite Properly, Avoid Bias, Respect the Subject
●Ethics is the foundation of academic credibility.
Cite all sources accurately (APA, AMA, Vancouver, follow your required style)
●Avoid plagiarism: no copy-pasting without attribution
●Stay unbiased: represent all viewpoints fairly, especially in controversial topics
●Respect human subjects: use sensitive, professional language (e.g., “patients with
diabetes” not “diabetics”)
●Report honestly: do not manipulate data, misrepresent results, or ignore limitations

Academic integrity builds trust in your work — without it, even excellent
research loses value.

12. 12
“The number of infections
dropped dramatically last year.”
(No source cited)
“According to the WHO (2023), the
rate of hospital-acquired infections
decreased by 18% globally in the
past year.”
“Nursing leadership is essential
for improving patient outcomes
in critical care units.”

“Effective nursing leadership plays
a crucial role in enhancing patient
care quality in critical settings (Lee
& Martinez, 2022).”

“Elderly patients are often
non-compliant and hard to
manage.”

“Medication adherence among
older adults can be affected by
multiple factors, including
polypharmacy, cognitive status, and
support systems (Nguyen et al.,
2021).”
1
2
3
ETHICAL
WRITING

13. 13
“Schizophrenics often need
constant supervision.”
“Individuals diagnosed with
schizophrenia may require
structured support depending on
the severity of symptoms.”

“All patients responded
positively to the intervention.”

“The majority of participants
showed improvement, though 3 out
of 20 reported no change in
symptoms.”


4
5
ETHICAL
WRITING

14. THANK
YOU!


MAMTA CHHABRIYA
[email protected]