Resource_20240921141545_Health_comprimising_behaviour.pptx

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1. Health Compromising Behaviour Dr.Komal Chawla Professor

2. HCB includes….. Substance abuse & dependence: Drugs, Tobacco, Smoking

3. Substance abuse & dependence Is a pattern of harmful use of any substance fro mood altering purposes. Addiction  is a complex condition, a brain disease that is manifested by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequence. People with  addiction  (severe substance use disorder) have an intense focus on using a certain substance(s), such as alcohol or drugs, to the point that it takes over their life. (American Psychiatric Association)

4. Few Facts…. In both Punjab and Haryana, drug addiction is a major political issue as well. While 18 of the 22 districts in Punjab are among those identified by the NCB, 10 out of Haryana’s 22 districts also figure in the national list of districts most affected by substance abuse. By  Anubhuti Vishnoi, ET Bureau|Last Updated: Feb 09, 2020, 11.17 PM IST By Ambika Pandit , Times of India, Feb 2019

5. Most Addictive Drugs In 2007, British psychiatrist David Nutt and a team of addiction experts investigated the most harmful drugs. In a study published in The Lancet, Nutt’s team assessed the harm, dependence and potential misuse associated with 20 drugs. 1.Heroin 2.Cocaine 3.Nicotine 4.Street methadone 5.Barbiturates 6. Alcohol 7. Benzodiazepines 8. Amphetamines 9. Caffeine

6. Why take Drugs According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, people begin taking drugs for a variety of reasons, including: to feel good — feeling of pleasure, “high” to feel better — e.g., relieve stress to do better — improve performance curiosity and peer pressure

7. Symptoms of substance use disorder (American Psychiatric Association) Impaired control: a craving or strong urge to use the substance; desire or failed attempts to cut down or control substance use Social problems: substance use causes failure to complete major tasks at work, school or home; social, work or leisure activities are given up or cut back because of substance use Risky use: substance is used in risky settings; continued use despite known problems Drug effects: tolerance (need for larger amounts to get the same effect); withdrawal symptoms (different for each substance)

8. Effects of Addiction Addictive drugs exert significant changes on the central nervous system. Substances such as alcohol and heroin increase dopamine levels in the brain, producing euphoric effects. Over time, drug use can cause compulsive behavior , dependence and severe withdrawal symptoms. Drinking too much can cause brain, heart and liver problems. Drinking has also been linked to cancer. Benzodiazepines group of drugs can cause motor incoordination, delirium and hallucinations. Extensive use of benzodiazepines can increase tolerance and result in dependence. Amphetamines are stimulants that are often prescribed to treat ADHD , but misuse can cause increased blood pressure, insomnia and a psychosis similar to schizophrenia.

9. How to understand Addiction Level Presence and severity of withdrawal symptoms Reinforcement Cravings and tolerance Rates of dependence and relapse Level of intoxication

10. Onset of Addiction Anything that alters your mood can become addictive. Addiction is more than a physical dependence on drugs or alcohol or any other addictive substance It begins as self-medication to help you manage pain. The reward you get when you see that makes you want more. That becomes something you can't live without.  .

11. Triggers that lead to relapse Stress, especially sudden life stresses Cues in the environment, like visiting a neighbourhood Social networks, like spending time with friends who continue to use 

12. Cessation of Smoking Nicotine Dependance According to change model; Person who thinks to quit smoking goes through following stages; Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

13. Alcohol It is a central nervous depressant that causes sedation and drowsiness. Around 10 thousand million people throughout the world regular . Effects of consumption: Psychological health problems Blackout, memory loss With increased release of GABA the brain functions gradually become inhibited, depressed and slow affecting motor skills, speech and reaction time.

14. Psychological Interventions & Therapies Individual Therapy Group Therapy Family Therapy Couple Therapy Outpatient Residential Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

15. Individual vs. Group Therapy While any counselling therapy for drug abuse treatment is better than none, group therapy is generally preferred over individual therapy. In group therapy, you’re more likely to be both challenged and supported by peers who are also going through drug rehab. Twelve-step programs like Narcotics or Alcoholics Anonymous are also peer support groups. They can be a useful part of your recovery program. But keep in mind that they aren’t led by a trained psychotherapist and, thus, aren’t the same as group therapy. Individual therapy can help when you have depression, bipolar disorder, or another significant mental health condition that requires treatment in its own right, separate from your addiction.

16. Couples and Family Therapy An addiction doesn't only affect your life; your whole family is transformed. Successful treatment requires strong relationships with family and friends. Various counseling methods include your spouse and other family members. Why try family or couples therapy? Family members can be a powerful force for change in your life. Including them can make you more likely to stay in therapy. They can begin to heal the damage your addiction has caused in their life. Studies show family therapy results in lower relapse rates, increased happiness in the family, and helps children of addicted parents manage their situation.

17. Outpatient vs. Residential Treatment Residential therapy separates you from the place and things that led you to use drugs. You’ll go away to a special facility for a period of weeks to months. While there, you’ll learn new habits or skills for sober living. While this approach works well in the short term, there’s no proof it helps you stay away from drugs any longer than outpatient programs, which you’ll attend for anywhere from a few hours to several hours a day while you live somewhere else. In fact, relapse may be more likely if you go from a controlled, inpatient environment back to your home, where it’s easy to start using again. Also, residential drug abuse treatment programs are expensive. They can cost tens of thousands of dollars, and insurance plans don’t always cover them. Outpatient treatment programs are the usual setting for drug and alcohol abuse treatment.

18. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, teaches you how to recognize moods, thoughts, and situations that fire up drug cravings. A therapist teaches you how to avoid these triggers. You’ll learn to replace negative thoughts and feelings with healthy ones that will help you stay clean. The skills you’ll learn can last a lifetime, so this is a powerful treatment method. But not all therapists are trained in cognitive behavioral therapy techniques.

19. Reference Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Institute on Drug Abuse: Drugs, Brains, and Behavior – The Science of Addiction National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University Alcoholics Anonymous Narcotics Anonymous