Resources and development of laura has.pdf

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3. • Anything that satisfies human needs, provided, it is
technologically accessible, economically feasible and
culturally acceptable.

4. •Human being interact with nature through technology
and create institutions to accelerate their economic
development.

9. •Biotic –
•Biotic -Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere
(living and organic material), such as forests and animals,
and the materials that can be obtained from them.
•Abiotic – Abiotic resources are those that come from non-
living, non-organic material.

11. •Renewable resources are
ones that can be replenished
naturally.
•Some of these resources,
like sunlight, air, wind, etc.,
are continuously available
and their quantity is not
noticeably affected by human
consumption.

12. •A natural resource such
as coal, gas, or oil that,
once consumed, cannot
be replaced.
•Most energy resources
currently in use are non-
renewable.
•than nature can create them.




18. Potential Resources- These are known
to exist and may be used in the future. For
example, petroleum may exist in many
parts of India and Kuwait that have
sedimentary rocks, but until the time it is
actually drilled out and put into use, it
remains a potential resource.
Developed Resources-Developed
resources are those that have been
surveyed, their quantity and quality
determined and are being used in
present times.

19. Stock Resources -– Stock resources are those
that have been surveyed but cannot be used by
organisms due to lack of technology. For example:
water is a compound of 2 inflammable gases:
hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a rich
source of energy.
Reserve Resources -– The part of an
actual resource which can be developed
profitably in the future is called a reserve
resource. The water in dams, forests etc. is a
reserve which can be used in future.

21. •With increasing population, the demand for resources is increasing.

•There are marked differences in resource distribution and
associated economic inequality between regions or countries, with
developed countries using more natural resources than developing
countries.
•Typically resources cannot be consumed in their original form, but
rather through resource development they must be processed into
more usable commodities.

22. •SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT is
development that meets the needs
of the present without
compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their
own needs.
•Sustainable development
constantly seeks to achieve social
and economic progress in ways
that will not exhaust the earth’s
finite natural resources.

23. a.Many resources got depleted. Ex: Forest

b. Resources got accumulated in the hands of few
people. The society is divided into rich and poor.

c. Global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental
degradation are other problems.

25. ⦿The upper most layer of the earth’s crust which is loose ,
broken and useful for plants is called soil.
 
⦿Soil consists of mineral matter such as sand and clay and
Organic matter such as humus, bacteria and earth
worms.
⦿Soil is formed mainly due to the process of weathering.
As a result of weathering a layer of loose rock materials
is formed on the land surface. If this layer remains
undisturbed for a long period of time, chemical, physical
and organic changes take place in it. These changes lead
to the formation of soil.
 

26. 1) Climate:
Climate decides the rate of weathering and the type
of vegetation.
2) Topography:
Topography of the land decides the accumulation of
soil.
3) Nature of parent rock:
It decides compositions and texture of the soil.
4)Vegetation:
Vegetation decides the amount of humus
available in the soil.

27. i). Man depends on the soil directly or
indirectly for his food.
ii). Agriculture can be practiced only if
soils are available.
iii). Man gets the materials needed for
shelter and clothing directly (or)
indirectly from the soil.
iv). Soils are essential for the growth of
forests.
 

29. i). Alluvial soil is the most fertile and
wide spread soil found in India.
ii). It is formed due to the deposition of
fine silt called alluvium by the rivers.
iii). It is found in the northern plains,
Gujarat plains and the coastal plains.
iv). It consists of sand, silt and clay.

33. ⦿Red soils are formed due to the
weathering of crystalline igneous rocks
under low rainfall conditions.
⦿It is red in colour because of the presence
of iron in it.
⦿It is found in Tamilnadu, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Chattisgarh and
Jharkhand.
 

35. ⦿The word laterite originated from the
Latin word later which means brick.
⦿ Laterite soil is formed due to intense
leaching caused by tropical rainfall.
⦿ Humus content is less because the
micro-organisms get destroyed due to
high temperature.
⦿ 

37. ⦿Arid soils are red or brown in colour.
They are sandy and saline.
⦿Humus and moisture contents are very
less. They can be cultivated after
irrigation.
⦿ Kankar layer in the soil prevent the
water from seeping under ground.
 

39. ⦿Forest soils are found in hilly and mountainous
regions.
⦿They are loamy and silty in valleys and coarse in the
upper slopes.
⦿In Himalayas they suffer denudation and are acidic
with low humus content.
⦿The soils found in the lower slopes of the valley are
fertile.

40. •Removal of top soil from one place to another
by natural agencies is called soil erosion.
• It is caused by running water and wind.
•Deforestation, over grazing and unscientific
agricultural practices are responsible for large
scale soil erosion.

41. ⦿The rain water when moves down on an uneven land
scoops away the soil and form deep channels called
gullies. This type of erosion is called gully erosion.
⦿A land which is broken into many small parts by the
gullies is called bad land. A bad land is unfit for
cultivation and for other economic activities.

43. •Some times water flows as a sheet over large areas
down a slope. The water takes away the top soil. This
type of erosion is called sheet erosion.

44. i). Contour ploughing reduces the flow of water and
prevent soil erosion.
ii). In hilly areas terraced farming should be followed.
iii). Strip farming helps to reduces the force of winds.
iv). Shelter belts of plants around the fields reduce soil
erosion.
v). Afforestation should be practiced on a large scale and
deforestation should be stopped.
vi).Over grazing by animals should be avoided.
 

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