respiratory system (pharynx)vvvvvvv.pptx

respiratory system

1. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PRESENTED BY: M.C.KNIRANDA NURSING LECTURER VINAYAKA INSTITUTE OF NURSING

2. PHARYNX OR THROAT It is 12-14 cm (average 12.5 cm or 5 inches) long funnel shaped tube extends from base of the skull to the level of the 6 th cervical vertebra . It lies behind the nose, mouth and larynx and is wider at its upper end. It is connected to the nasal cavity through the internal nares and is also connected to the mouth or oral cavity.

3. PHARYNX OR THROAT Organs associated with pharynx are: Superiorly : inferior surface of base of skull. Inferiorly : esophagus. Anteriorly : wall is incomplete because of openings into nose, mouth and larynx. Posteriorly : areolar tissue, involuntary muscle and the bodies of the first six cervical vertebrae.

4. PARTS OF PHARYNX Pharynx is divided anatomically into three portions (superior to inferior). All three parts are continuous with each other. They are – NASOPHARYNX OROPHARYNX LARYNGOPHARYNX

5. PARTS OF PHARYNX

6. 1. NASOPHARYNX : Nasopharynx is the portion of pharynx superior to the soft palate. It lies behind the nose. There are five openings in it; 2 internal nares 2 openings into auditory tubes and The opening into oropharynx.

7. 2. OROPHARYNX : It lies posteriorly to the oral cavity and extends from the soft palate inferiorly to the level of hyoid bone. Oropharynx serves as a common pathway for air and food.

8. 3. LARYNGOPHARYNX : Laryngopharynx or hypopharynx is the lower part of the pharynx situated behind the larynx. It extends from the upper border of the epiglottis to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, where it is continuous with the esophagus posteriorly.

9. LARYNGOPHARYNX

10. FUNCTIONS OF PHARYNX PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR AND FOOD. The pharynx is involved in both the respiratory and the digestive systems: air passes through the nasal and oral sections, and food through the oral and laryngeal sections. 2) WARMING AND HUMIDIFYING . As in case of nose, air is further warmed and moistened as it passes through the pharynx.

11. FUNCTIONS OF PHARYNX 3) TASTE . Nerve endings of the sense of taste are present in the epithelium of the oral and laryngeal parts of pharynx. 4) HEARING . The auditory tube, extending from the nasopharynx to each middle ear, allows air to enter the middle ear.

12. FUNCTIONS OF PHARYNX 5) PROTECTION . The lymphatic tissue of the pharyngeal and laryngeal tonsils produces antibodies in response to antigens, e.g., Bacteria. 6) SPEECH . Pharynx acts as a resonating chamber for sound ascending from the larynx. It helps to give voice its individual characteristics.