Restorative materials in dental caries

A brief description of various types of restorative materials in dentistry that can be used for restoring carious tooth

1. PBL Coordinator: Dr. Jyotsna Rimal Resource Faculty: Dr. Sneha Shrestha Restorative Materials in Dental Caries Prepared By: Raman Dhungel BDS 2014, BPKIHS 1/14/2017 1 © Raman2016

2. Contents: Restorative Materials : Introduction Classification Advantages and Disadvantages Choice of appropriate R estorative material Success and Failure of Restorative Material Summary 1/14/2017 2 © Raman2016

3. Introduction: Dental restorative materials are specially fabricated materials designed to restore the function, integrity and morphology of missing tooth structure, usually resulting from, but not limited to, dental caries. 1/14/2017 3 © Raman2016

4. Loss of tooth structure due to Caries 1/14/2017 4 © Raman2016

5. Classification: 1/14/2017 5 © Raman2016

6. Amalgam: Amalgam is a metal alloy of which one of the elements is mercury (Hg). Alloys are metals that are a combination of several elements. 1/14/2017 6 © Raman2016

7. Classification of amalgam alloys: 1/14/2017 7 © Raman2016

8. Classification of amalgam alloys: 1/14/2017 8 © Raman2016

9. Amalgam Inexpensive Easy to use Technique insensitive Durable Marginal seal improves with time 1/14/2017 9 Advantages: Disadvantages: Non adhesive Requires mechanical retention Poor esthetics Environmental and occupational hazards © Raman2016

10. Composites: Restorative material composed of two phases: Matrix and Filler bound together by coupling agents Further divided into macro-filled (70-80% filler), micro-filled (40-50 % filler) & hybrid (75-80% filler ) 1/14/2017 10 © Raman2016

11. Composites: Essential Components : Resin matrix/ binder — BisGMA or urethane dimethacrylate Filler — Quartz, colloidal silica or heavy metal glasses Coupling agent — Organo silanes Additionally, they also c ontain: A curing system , Inhibitors, UV absorbers Opacifiers — e.g . titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide Color pigments — to match tooth color 1/14/2017 11 © Raman2016

12. Composites: Adhesive Esthetic Reasonable wear properties Micromechanical bond to enamel Minimal tooth preparation required 1/14/2017 12 Advantages: Disadvantages: Technique sensitive Expensive Time consuming Post-operative sensitivity Polymerisation shrinkage © Raman2016

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14. Glass Ionomer Cement: First truly adhesive restorative materials Release fluoride over time Biomimetic- resembles dentin Supplied as powder/liquid systems 1/14/2017 14 © Raman2016

15. Composition: Powder: Silica ( SiO )2 — 41.9 % Alumina (Al2O3) — 28.6 % Aluminum fluoride (AlF3) Calcium fluoride (CaF2) — 15.7% Sodium fluoride ( NaF ) Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4 ) 1/14/2017 15 Liquid: Polyacrylic acid Tartaric acid & Water © Raman2016

16. Classification of GIC: Type I — For luting Type II — For restorations Type III — Liners and bases Difference between various types: V arious types chemically identical: vary primarily in the powder/liquid ratio and particle size. 1/14/2017 16 © Raman2016

17. Glass Ionomer Cement: E sthetic Fluoride leaching - anticariogenic Chemically bonds to enamel and dentine Minimal tooth preparation Higher moisture tolerance than resin-based restorative materials Biocompatible : low pulpal toxicity if applied to intact dentine Thermal expansion similar to enamel and dentine 1/14/2017 17 Advantages: Disadvantages: Brittle Susceptible to erosion and wear Sensitivity to moisture in the early setting process E sthetics not as good as resin-based restorative materials © Raman2016

18. GIC : Esthetic Restoration 1/14/2017 18 © Raman2016

19. Others: Dental cements : zinc phosphate , zinc polycarboxylate , Zinc oxide eugenol cement, calcium hydroxide cement Metal reinforced GIC, highly viscous condensed GIC, resin modified GIC Compomers : resin cements 1/14/2017 19 © Raman2016

20. Indirect Restorative Materials: 1/14/2017 20 Indirect restorations are those restorations that are constructed outside the mouth. © Raman2016

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22. Choice of appropriate Restorative material: The choice of material mainly depends on: Location and extent of caries Age and sex of patient (esthetic reasons) Strength of material desired Economic factors Allergy to specific material 1/14/2017 22 © Raman2016

23. Success and Failure of Restoration: Depends upon: Material Contamination during restoration Technical expertise Oral hygiene Dietary habits 1/14/2017 23 © Raman2016

24. Summary: A wide range of restorative materials available Have different properties to meet the requirements Advantages and disadvantages of different materials Choice of material Success and failure of restoration 1/14/2017 24 © Raman2016

25. Classification: 1/14/2017 25 © Raman2016

26. References: 1/14/2017 26 © Raman2016

27. Our Team 1/14/2017 27 © Raman2016

28. A ny Questions??? 1/14/2017 28 © Raman2016

29. Thank You !!! 1/14/2017 29 © Raman2016