SUMMARY
Sweet potato mild mottle virus, SPMMV, is the type member of the genus Ipomovirus
within the family Potyviridae. SPMMV is a virus with a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
genome, broadly distributed in sweet potato growing areas, being a common component of the
viral asociations which cause severe diseases in this crop. In the present work, an african isolate
of SPMMV has been studied, addressing the analysis of its genomic structure in the 5' region,
focusing into two essential functions of the virus cycle as the insect-mediated virus dispersion,
and the ability to suppress RNA-silencing mediated defense reactions in the host plant. Two
proteins have been identified in the N-terminal part of the viral polyprotein, P1 and HCPro, and
the viral CP was also found in the C-terminal part, and their sequences have been determined.
Regarding insect-transmission functions, attempts to reproduce the process under experimental
conditions using Bemisia tabaci whiteflies have failed. The analysis of binding between viral
products using the two-hybrids yeast-based system has shown self-interactions of HCPro and
CP, while an interaction among them both has not been observed, a fact which might help to
explain the failure of insect transmission of this SPMMV isolate, since this interaction is known
to be essential for the process in the case of aphid-transmitted potyviruses. Concerning the
ability of RNA silencing suppressin, the P1 protein has been identified as the suppressor of
SPMMV, only finding a surrogate role for HCPro in extending the duration of the effect when
expressed in cis along with P1. The mechanism of action of P1 in RNA silencing suppression has
been investigated, finding no effects in the production of small RNAs nor in blocking the
systemic dispersion of the silencing signal, but a effective interference with miRNA- or siRNA-
activated RISC complexes, thus being the first silencing suppressor with such a capacity.
Existance of an interaction between P1 and Argonaute 1 (AGO1), an essential component of the
RNA silencing effector complex with antiviral activity in plants, has been observed. The
interaction is located in the P1 N-terminal region where three WG/GW sequence elements can
be found, being characteristic elements of AGO1-interacting cellular proteins. Throughout
mutational analysis using deletions and point modifications of these WG/WG elements it has
been shown that presence of at least two of them is required to maintain the activity on RNA
silencing suppression, and that a correlation between activity and AGO1-binding capacity
existed.