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1. RTE

2. What is the Act about?
•Every child between the ages of 6 to 14 years has the right to free
and compulsory education.
•This is stated as per the 86th Constitution Amendment Act via
Article 21A.
•The Right to Education Act seeks to give effect to this amendment
•The government schools shall provide free education to all the
childrenand the schools will be managed by School Management
Committees (SMC).
•Private schools shall admit at least 25% of the children in their
schools without any fee.

3. History
December 2002:
86th Amendment Act
(2002)
October 2003: A first
draft of the legislation
envisaged in the above
Article
2004 Subsequently, taking
into account the
suggestions
June 2005
The CABE (Central
Advisory Board of
Education) committee
drafted the ‘Right to
Education’ Bill
14th July 2006
The finance committee
and planning commission
rejected the Bill citing the
lack of funds
2009
Right of Children to Free
and Compulsory
Education Bill
1April 2010
Article 21-A and the
RTE Act come into
effect

4. Main Functions
Compulsory and free education for all
The benchmark mandate
Special provisions for special cases
Quantity and quality of teachers
Zero tolerance against discrimination and harassment
Ensuring all round development of children
Improving learning outcomes to minimise detention
Monitoring compliance of RTE norms
Right to Education Act is justiciable
Creating inclusive spaces for all

5. The RTE Act provides…
•Rightofchildrentofreeandcompulsoryeducationtillcompletionofelementary
educationinaneighbourhoodschool.
•Itensuresfree&compulsoryeducationtoallchildrenwithintheagegroupof6
to14.
•Noschoolfees,capitationfees,chargesorexpensesaretobepaidbyachildtoget
elementaryeducation.
•Thechildorhisparentsarenottobesubjectedtoanyscreeningprocedurefor
admissiontoschool.
•Itmakesprovisionsforanon-admittedchildtobeadmittedtoanageappropriate
class.
•ItspecifiesthedutiesandresponsibilitiesofappropriateGovernments,local
authorityandparentsinprovidingfreeandcompulsoryeducation.
•financialandotherresponsibilitiesbetweentheCentralandStateGovernments.

6. •It lays down the norms and standards to Pupil Teacher Ratios
(PTRs), buildings and infrastructure, school-working days,
teacher-working hours.
•It provides for appointment of appropriately trained teachers, i.e.
teachers with the requisite entry and academic qualifications.
•It prohibits
(a) physical punishment and mental harassment;
(b) screening procedures for admission of children;
(c) capitation fee;
(d) private tuition by teachers and
(e) running of schools without recognition

7. Responsibilities of School
•To provide free and compulsory elementary education to all children
admitted.
•To provide free & compulsory elementary education to weaker section and
disadvantaged group to the extent of at least 25% of the strength of the class.
•To provide such information as may be required by the appropriate
Government or the local authority, as the case may be.
•To take no capitation fee and no screening for admission.
•Should not deny admission for lack of age proof though must ask for birth
certificate issued by competent authority.
•Should not hold back or expel any child from any class till the completion of
elementary education.
•Shall not subject any child to physical punishment or mental harassment.

8. Duties of Teachers
•Tomaintainregularityandpunctualityinattendingschool.
•Toconductandcompletethecurriculum.
•Tocompleteentirecurriculumwithinthespecifiedtime.
•Toassessthelearningabilityofeachchildandaccordingly
supplementadditionalinstructions,ifany,asrequired.
•Toholdregularmeetingswithparentsandguardiansandapprise
themabouttheregularityinattendance,abilitytolearn,progress
madeinlearningandanyotherrelevantinformationaboutthechild.
•Toperformsuchotherdutiesasmaybeprescribed.
•Shallnotengageinprivatetuitionorprivateteachingactivity.

9. Pupil Teacher Ratio
•ForclassesItoV-30:1(till120students)-40:1(from121
to200students)One-HeadTeacher+FiveTeachers(for
above150students)Inanycase:pupilteacherratioshall
notexceed40:1
•ForClassesVItoVIII-35:1
•AtleastOneTeacherperClass,OnefromScienceand
Mathematics,Social-Studiesandlanguageseach.
•FulltimeHeadTeacherandparttimeInstructorsforArt
education,Health&PhysicalEducationandWork
Education.

10. Curriculum and Completion of Elementary Education
•To conform with values enshrined in the Constitution.
•For all round development of the child.
•To build child's knowledge, potentiality and talent.
•To develop physical and mental abilities.
•To ensure learning through activities, discovery and exploration in a
child friendly and child centered manner.
•To Instruct as far as practicable in child’s mother tongue.
•To make the child free of fear and anxiety and helping the child to
express views freely.
•Comprehensive and Continuous Evaluation (CCE) of child’s
understanding of knowledge and his/her ability to apply the same.

11. Examination and Completion Certificate
•NochildshallberequiredtopassanyBoardexamination
tillcompletionofelementaryeducation.
•Everychildcompletinghiselementaryeducationshallbe
awardedacertificate,insuchformandinsuchmanner,as
maybeprescribed.

12. Norms and Standards for a School
•Building :
•At least one class-room for every teacher and an office-cum-store-
cum-Head teacher’s room.
•Barrier-free access.
•Separate toilets for boys and girls.
•Safe and adequate drinking water facility to all children.
•A kitchen where mid-day meal is cooked in the school.
•Playground.

13. Norms and Standards for a School (Contd.)
•Minimumnumberofworkingdays/instructionalhoursin
anacademicyear
•Twohundredworkingdaysforfirstclasstofifthclass.
•Twohundredandtwentyworkingdaysforsixthclassto
eightclass.
•Eighthundredinstructionalhoursperacademicyearfor
firstclasstofifthclass.
•Onethousandinstructionalhoursperacademicyearfor
sixthclasstoeighthclass.

14. Norms and Standards for a School(Contd.)
•Minimumnumberofworkinghoursperweekfortheteacher:
•Forty-Fiveteachingincludingpreparationhours.
•Teachinglearningequipment:Shallbeprovidedtoeachclassas
required.
•Library:Thereshallbealibraryineachschoolproviding
newspaper,magazinesandbooksonallsubjects,includingstory-
books.
•Playmaterial,gamesandsportsequipment:Shallbeprovidedto
eachclassasrequired.

15. Admission Norms
•AsperChapterIV12(I)–TheKVsshalladmitinClassI:admission
tobegrantedforthechildrenunderRTEActasperadmission
guidelines.
•Atleast25%ofthestrengthofthatclasschildrenbelongingto
weakersectionanddisadvantagedgroupintheneighbourhood
•NoscreeningtesttobeconductedfromClassItoVIII
•selectionprocessshouldberandom(drawoflot).
•childrensufferingfromdisabilitywillalsobecoveredunderRTE
Act

16. THE SUPPORTS
•Providefreeandcompulsoryelementaryeducationtillits
completion.
•Nofeetobechargedfromthechildrenadmittedunder25%ofthe
quota.
•OnesetofNCERTtextbooksforhis/herclasstoeachchildwillbe
providedbytheschoolandotherexpensesonaccountofnote
books,stationary,uniformandtransportwillbereimbursedbythe
parentonproductionofproperbills,asspecifiedbyMHRD.
•Nochildrentobedetainedinanyclassupto8thstandard.
•Thetransfercertificatemaynotbeinsistedforadmissionupto
ClassVIII.

17. Challenges in Implementation
•Thereisanurgentneedoftakingappropriatestepsfor
inclusiveeducationofchildrenwithdisabilitiesby
providingteaching-learningmaterials,aidsandappliances
inaccordancewithnatureandneedsofeachdisability,
suitableinfrastructuralmodifications,trainingofregular
teachersandschool-basedappointmentofspecialteacher.
•Thereisalsoaneedfororganisingprogrammesfor
communityawarenessandattitudechangeinorderto
makeschoolforallchildren.

18. Challenges in Implementation
•Home-basededucationhastobegiventochildrensuffering
frommulti-disabilities,severeandprofounddisability
conditions.
•Shortageofteachers,alarmingpupil-teacherratio,other
officialdutiesassignedtoteachers,businessintraining
programmes,dutiesinblockleveloffice,makingAadhar
cardsandvoterIDCardsetc,notrainingofregularteachers
ineducationofchildrenwithdisabilitiesandnon-
availabilityofspecialteachersupportondailybasisare
challengesintheimplementationofRTE.

19. •PresentStatusEvenafterSevenyearsofpassingtheBill,an
internalDelhiGovt.reportsays
•Poorpresenceofstudents
•Ignoranceamongteachersandguardiansabouttheprovisionsof
theAct
•PoorconditionoftrainingregardingRTE
•Acuteshortageofteachers
•Malaiseofabsenceofteachersfromtheschools
•Noatmosphereofqualityteachingandmeaningfulteaching-
learningprocess

20. Why is the act significant and what does it mean for India?
•ThepassingoftheRightofChildrentoFreeand
CompulsoryEducation(RTE)Act2009marksahistoric
momentforthechildrenofIndia.
•ThisActservesasabuildingblocktoensurethatevery
childhashisorherright(asanentitlement)togetaquality
elementaryeducation,andthattheState,withthehelpof
familiesandcommunities,fulfilsthisobligation.
•Fewcountriesintheworldhavesuchanationalprovision
toensurebothfreeandchild-centred,child-friendly
education.

21. Funding
•TheRighttoEducationacthasclearlylaiddowndistinct
responsibilitiesforthecentre,stateandlocalbodiesforits
implementation.
•However,alotofstateshavebeencomplainingaboutthe
lackoffundsbeingreceivedwhichismakingitimpossible
tomeetwiththeappropriatestandardofeducationinthe
schoolsneededforuniversaleducation.
•Hence,thecentrethatisatthereceivingendofthe
revenuewillhavetosubsidizeforthestates.