review materi kelas 8-9_pernafasan,rangka

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1. A pleura is a serous membrane that folds back on itself to form a two-layered membranous pleural sac . The inner layer is called the visceral pleura and covers the lungs, blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi.

2. Among healthy adults, the average lung capacity is about 6 liters IC: Inspiratory Capacity IRV: Inspiratory Reserve Volume  volume komplementer  volume cadangan inspirasi ERV: Expirator Reserve Volume  volume suplementer /volume cadangan ekspirasi VC: Vital Capacity VT: Volume Tidal  volume udara pernafasan RV: Residual Volume FRC: Functional Residual Capacit

3. RESPIRATORY DISORDER 1, Laringitis 2. Asthma 3. Lung Cancer 4. Tuberculosis 5. Bronkitis 6. Emfisima

4. Your skeletal system is made of your: Bones :  Bones are your body’s main form of structural support. Adults have between 206 and 213 bones in their bodies. Muscles :  Muscles are made of tightly woven, stretchy fibers. You have more than 600 muscles in your body that help you do everything from walking, running and jumping to breathing and digesting food. Cartilage :  Cartilage is strong, flexible tissue that acts like a shock absorber in joints throughout your body. Ligaments :  Ligaments are bands of tissue that connect bones to other bones. Tendons : Tendons are cords that connect muscles to bone. Joints :  A joint is any place two bones meet. It contains some of (or all) the pieces listed above.

5. What common conditions affect the skeletal system ? Lots of common health conditions and injuries can affect your skeletal system because it’s such an important part of how you use your body. Anything that damages your bones or connective tissue affects your skeletal system, including: Arthritis . Bursitis . Tendinitis . Osteoporosis .

6. Many  autoimmune diseases  affect the skeletal system (especially joints). Some of the most common include: Rheumatoid arthritis  (RA).

7. Traumas like falls, car accidents and injuries often damage your skeletal system. Some of the most common injuries include: Sports injuries . Bone fractures  (broken bones). Dislocations . Muscle strains  (pulled muscles). Ligament tears and  sprains .

8. Common Muscle Disorder

9. Common signs or symptoms of skeletal issues Pain (including  muscle pain , joint pain or  bone pain ). Stiffness. Swelling ( inflammation ). Skin discoloration or bruising. A feeling of heat or warmth. Trouble moving a part of your body (a reduced range of motion). Hearing or feeling a pop or grinding .

10. Common tests done to the skeletal system A healthcare provider will suggest tests based on where you’re experiencing pain or other symptoms. You might need: X-rays . Ultrasounds . A  computed tomography (CT) scan . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . A  bone density test (DXA scan) .

11. What are common treatments for the skeletal system ? Medication:  Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines like  NSAIDs  ( nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and acetaminophen relieve pain and reduce swelling. Your provider might prescribe  corticosteroids  or specific medications to treat an autoimmune disease. Immobilization:  It’s common to need a brace,  splint , sling or  cast  after an injury. It’ll hold your injured body part in a stable position while you recover. Your provider will tell you which type of immobilization you’ll need and how long to wear it for. Physical therapy:  A  physical therapist  will help you strengthen muscles and increase your flexibility, especially after an injury. Arthroplasty (joint replacement) :  Some people need partial or total joint replacements.  Hips  and  knees  are some of the most commonly replaced joints. Your provider or surgeon will tell you what to expect.

12. How can I keep my skeletal system healthy ? Following a diet and exercise plan that’s healthy for you will help you maintain your bone (and overall) health. Seeing a healthcare provider for regular checkups can also help catch any issues or symptoms that affect your skeletal system as soon as possible. Follow these general safety tips to reduce your risk of an injury: Always wear your seatbelt. Wear the right protective equipment for all activities and sports. Stretch, warm up and cool down before and after intense physical activity. Make sure your home and workspace are free of clutter that could trip you or others. Always use the proper tools or equipment at home to reach things. Never stand on chairs, tables or countertops. Use a cane or walker if you have difficulty walking or have an increased risk of falls.

13. Empowering movement! Strengthening life!

14. TIME FOR QUIZZ

15. Tendon hold muscle to bone. A. True B. False

16. Ligaments hold bone to bone . A. True B. False

17. Ulna is an example of a “long” bone A. True B. False

18. Sinovial Fluid is a gel-like substance helps to lubricate the movement of joints A. True B. False

19. Ligaments hold bone to bone . A. True B. False

20. Scapula and sternum is two bones connect at the shoulder A. True B. False

21. Carpals is an example of a short bone A. True B. False