Review on sarangadhara Samhita.pptx on rasa shastra

Sarangadhara samhita review

1. Review on sHarangadhara Samhita Dr. PRAVEEN MYLAPUR 1 ST YEAR PG SCHOLAR Dept. of RasaShastra & Bhaisajya Kalpana AYURVEDA MAHAVIDYALAYA, HUBLI

2. CONTENT

3. Introduction Sharangadhara Samhita is an epitome of Ayurvedic literature of medieval India. This book is designed in a simple and easy language to serve as a handbook for practitioners and students. It has been categorized under Laghutrayee of Ayurveda along with Madhava Nidana and Bhavaprakasha. Sharangadhara Samhita is one of the practical book for Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics. It is one of the preferred books of Bhaishajya Kalpana.

4. AUTHOR As per the colophon given in the end of each chapter Acharya Sharangdhara is considered as the son of Damodara . As per Rudra Bhatta(Sanskrit commentator) Period-13-14 AD Also written a treatise on Neeti Shastra known as Sharangadhara Paddhati . Sharangadhara was Eldest son of DAMODAR & grandson of RAGHAVENDRA Sharangadhara was not only a good physician and author; he was also a good poet.

5. Classical Acknowledged Commentaries COMMENTATOR COMMENTARY PERIOD Bopadeva SHARANGDHARA SAMHITA 14 th A.D Adhamalla DIPIKA 14 th A.D Kasiram Vaidya GUDARTHA DIPIKA 16 th A.D Rudra Bhatta AYURVEDA DIPIKA 17 th A.D

6. SHARANGDARA SAMHITA

7. Translations

8. PUBLICATIONS

9. DIVISION OF CHAPTERS 3 divisions, 32 chapters, 2.600 verses POORVA KHANDA MADHYAMA KHANDA UTTARA KHANDA 7 chapters 12 chapters 13 chapters Poslogy , schedules of drug administration, prognosis of disease, mechanism of drug action, anatomy,physiology and enlisting disease Drug formulation divided into different dosage form and chapters organised as per into svarasa , kvatha , phanta , sita , kalka etc Drug formulation useful in panchakarama and other supplementary therapies. snehana , svedana . panchakarama . dhumapana.gandusa , lepa etc.concludes with  netra  chikitsa

10. POORVA KHANDA

11. Chapter 1 – MANA PARIBASHA Starting with mangalcharanam to god shiva Importance of grantha -compilation of chikitsa anubhoota yogas for the benefit of sajjana Manaparibhasha is explained elaborately in this chapter, with various terms and synonyms. 2 types of Mana are explained. (1) Kalinga (2) Magadha (best). Yoga namakarana and matra vinischaya . Chaturguna mana is explained here. Masha, Tanka, Aksha, Bilwa, Kutava , Prasta , Adaka , Rasi , Goni and Khari are quadruples successively.

12. Basic principles of Bhaishajya Kalpana ( Adharabhuta siddhanta ) explained for the first time in this samhita . Method for Kutava patra nirmana , Dravya sangrahana vidhi for ardra , shushka and pranija dravya based on bhumi and kala Chandana grahana niyama is explained. i.e. Sweta Chandana is used for Churna , Sneha, Asavarishta , Avaleha and Gudika . But for Kashaya and Lepa Rakta chandana is used. Saveeryatavadhi of kalpanas are explained elaboratly . i.e. Raw drugs- 1 year, Choorna - 2 months, Gudika and Avaleha - 1 year, Ghrita and Taila - 16 months, Laghupaka oushadhi - 1 year and Asava , Arishta and dhatu - infinite. Anukta viseshokta grahana of materials are also mentioned

13. Chapter 2 BHAISHAJYA VYAKHYANA This chapter deals with the 5 Bhaishajya kalas and their indications Dravya lakshana 6 rasas and its description Pancha mahabhuta gunas Veerya , vipaka , prabhava varnana Ritus and their corresponding Surya months, Chaya, Prakopa and Prasama of Tridoshas etc are explained. Yamadamshtra : it is a period of 16 days, i.e. last 8 days of Kartika month and 8 days of Agrayana ( marga sheersha ) month. During this period one can be healthy, only if he is swalpabhukta

14. CHAPTER 3 - NADIPARIKSHADI VIDHI • This chapter deals with the examination of Nadi (pulse) in various physiological and pathological conditions of the body. • Dhamani situated at the mula of angushta (i.e. wrist) karasya angusta mulae is known as jeevasakshini (radial artery). Physician should recognize the health and ill health of a person from his Nadi. • Nadi gati according to dosha dominance Vata- jaluka,sarpa Pitta- kaka,manduka Kapha-lava, tittiri , varti Nadi gati in swastha and vyadhita • Dhuta pareeksha • Dhuta lakshana , Vaidya lakshana , paricharaka lakshana,bheshaja lakshana • Chikitsa yogya rogi lakshana • Subha and Asubha dhuta lakshanas and Swapna lakshanas are also mentioned here.

15. CHAPTER 4 - DEEPANAPACHANADI VIDHI Definition of pharmaceutical terms like Deepana, Pachana , shodhana , rechana , sramsana , shamana , anulomana , Bhedana , vamana , Chedana , Lekhana,grahi , sthambana with examples are explained . Included shilajatu in Chedana dravya -the drug which forcibly expels out the sticky dosha like kapha.

16. CHAPTER 5 – KALADIKAKHYANA SHARIRAM Description of Anatomy and Physiology of human body is given in this chapter. Kala, Aashaya,Dhatu , Mala, Upadhatu , Twak,Sandhi , Asthi , Marma,sira , dhamani , peshi , kandara , 10 randhras,srotas etc Twak are 7 in number. 7th layer of twak is known as Stula . Term ' Tila ’ is mentioned instead of kloma , which is the mula stana of Jalavahi sira . Term ' Jeevaraktasaya ' is used to denote Heart. Dhatu utpatti , karma and swarupa . Dhatu malas, upadhatu Properties and Types of Doshas are explained, in which there is a difference in the names of 5 Kaphas . Malas and Upadhatus of Dhatus are also explained. Physiology of Respiration is explained with new terms like Vishnupadamrita and Ambara piyusha (both to mean Oxygen). Srishtikrama is. also explained in this chapter.

17. CHAPTER 6 - AHARADI GATI KATHANAM Digestion and metabolism of food is explained in this chapter. Mainly deals about kriya shareera , Ahara bheda , Pachana and its importance Rakta nirmana and mahatva Garbhavatarana Bala bheshaja matra ( Kastoushadhi )1st masa-1 ratti Till one year-1 ratti increased every masa Till 16 years-1 masha increased every year If pancha vidha kashaya has to be given it should be 4 times to that of above mentioned Loss of different biological factors according to the stages of life is described . Deha prakriti lakshana : Age specications for diferent kriyakramas are aiso explained in this chapter.

18. CHAPTER 7 - ROGAGANANA Deals with roga bheda While explaining Krimi , a special type known as Snayuka krimi of kapha rakta origin is mentioned. Added also daha,urograha , anaha , somaroga , prameha pidaka,shooka roga , yoni kanda,panchakarma vyapad , Sneha vyapad , upadrava . 3 types of Stri doshas are mentioned; Adaksha purushotpanna , Sapatni vihita and Daivaja 4 types of Upadravas ; due to Seeta , Ushna , Salya and Kshara . According to Shangadhara , Nanatmaja rogas are of 4 types; i.e. Vataja-80, Pittaja - 40, Kaphaja-20 and Raktaja-10 Visha-3 types Stavara-kalakudadi Jangama-luta,vrshika,sarpa etc Kritrima-2 types- gara & dushi visha Sapta dhatu visha & sapta   upadhatu   visha

19. Madyama KHANDA

20. CHAPTER 1 – SWARASAADI KALPANA Pancha vidha Kashaya kalpanas Swarasa nirmana bheda Niragni siddha swarasa -guru-1/2 pala Saagni siddha swarasa -laghu-1 pala Prakshepaka dravya , matra & example Putapaka vidhi & examples i.e , Kutaja , , vasa  etc

21. CHAPTER 2 – KWATHAADI KALPANA Method of preparation of kwatha-1:16 reduced to 1/8 th Synonyms, prakshepa drugs, pana vidhi & matra according to Doshas as well as individual doses are explained. Guduchi , parpata , patola, amrutastaka , bhunimbadi,triphaladi , punarnavadi kwatha etc 80 Kashaya yogas with indications are mentioned. Upakalpanas of Kwatha kalpana like Pramathya,yavagu,yusha,shadanga Paniya , Ushnodaka & Ksheerapaka with examples Anna kalpanas like Vilepi , Peya , Bhakta & Manda nirmana  and its usage.

22. CHAPTER 3 – PHANTA KALPANA Method of preparation-1:4 Prakshepa drugs Matra-2 Pala 3 yogas of Phanta kalpana etc are explained- brihat madhooka pusphadi , amradi , laghu adukapusphadi phanta Mantha kalpana ( Upakalpana of Phanta ) with examples are also explained Mantha nirmana-1:4 Karjuradi mantha Method of preparation Matra-2 pala Amradi , marichadi , nilotpaladi , Amrutha, dhanyaka , dhanyakadya   hima CHAPTER 4 – HIMA KALPANA

23. CHAPTER 5 – KALKA KALPANA Method of preparation, synonyms, prakshepa dravya & matra Matra-1 karsha 17 Kalka yogas are explained. Nimba,rasona , tanduliya , ankota , abhayadi , trivrthadi , tila , sunti kalka Method of preparation of Churna Matra-1 karsha Amalaki ,, Pippali,panchakola , astavarga,sudarshana , Talisadi , sitopaladi , lavana bhaskara churna etc.. prakshepa dravya matra - guda -equal Sita-2 part ghrtadi-2 times; Drava dravya-4 times 53 Churna yogas are explained. Pancha nimba churna contain- loha Bhasma Navayasa churna-9 parts of loha ( hata ayasa ) Properties of Anupana , dose for Churnadi kalpanas , Bhavana pramana etc. are also explained. CHAPTER 6 – CHURNA KALPANA

24. CHAPTER 7 –GUTIKA KALPANA Vati paryaya Method of preparation, dose, prakshepa drugs Mana of prakshepa Guda-2 times,Guggulu-equal,Sita-4 times 21 Gutika yogas etc are mentioned Sanjeevani , vyoshadi , chandraprabha , kankayana vati etc Yogaraja , kaishora , triphala , kanchanara,gokshuradi guggulu etc , Guda Chatushtaya prayoga is explained here.

25. CHAPTER 8 –AVALEHA KALPANA Method of preparation & anukta pramana of Madhura dravya Avaleha siddhi lakshanas-tantumatva,apsumajjana,peedita mudra,gandha varna rasodhbhava Anupana 7 Avaleha yogas are explained. Kantakari , chyavanaprasha , kushmanda , Agastya hareetaki , Kutajastaka   avaleha

26. CHAPTER 9 –SNEHA KALPANA paka vidhi - 1:4:16 Kwatha preparation for sneha Kalpana-1:4 reduced to 1/4 th Kwatha vidhi based on katinata and pramana of dravya taken Kalka, drava dravya Pramana Sneha siddha lakshana-vartivat,agni nikshipte shabdahina , phenodgama in taila , phena shanti in sarpi,gandha varna rasa Utpatti . 3 Sneha pakas prakara & their indications- Mrdu,madyama,khara , 2 more Sneha paka prakaras added by Acharya Sharangadara dagdha , aama amount of Kalka. Kala nirdesha in ghritadi Kalpana. 16 Ghrita yogas & 33 Taila yogas are also explained.

27. CHAPTER 10 –SANDHANA KALPANA Definition, method of preparation, Difference between Arishtasavas , dose. Anukta mana of ingredients of Arishtasavas , 13 Arishta & Asava yogas , etc are explained. Usheerasava , kumaryasava , lohasava , vidangarista ,, khadirarista , draksharista , dashamularista etc Madya bhedas like Seedhu , Sura, Prasanna, Kadambari jagala , surabeeja , Varuni, madhushukta , Tushambu , Souveera , Kanjika & Sandaki are also explained. Lohasava-loha churna Kumaryasava-loha bhasma,dhatu   makshika

28. CHAPTER11 –DHATU SHODHANA VIDHI 7 dhatus-Swarna, rajata , tamra , pittala , loha , naga, vanga bhasma vidhi and even for kamsya Dhatu shodhana . 7 upadhatus -Swarna makshika , tuttha , abhraka,neelanjana , manahshila,harathala , rasaka-shodhana & marana vidhi . Ratna shodhana , vajra, vaikrantha bhasma vidhi . Shilajatu shodhana,mandura bhasma,kshara  preparation.

29. CHAPTER 12–RASADHAYA Parada guna,nama,shodhana Shodhana of Rasa, Gandhaka & Parada Hingula shodhana Hingulotta Parada nirmana Parada bhubhukshakarana , marana 4 methods Parada marana etc are explained. 9 dhatus & their relation with nava grahas , 9 Maha visha drugs & 7 Upavisha drugs, Jayapala & Vatsanabha shodhana etc are also explained in this chapter. 46 Rasa yogas  are explained.

30. yogas Jwarankusha-dose-1 Nishka Lokanatha rasa Anandabhairava Icchabhedi Mahanaracha rasa Vasantha kusumakara Rajamriganka . Udayaditya Agnitundi Grahanikapata Mriganka pottali rasa Hemagarbha pottali Mahajvarankusha rasa Laghu suchikabhrana rasa- suchi   mukha  dose

31. UTTara KHANDA

32. CHAPTER 1–SNEHAPANA VIDHI 4 basic Types of sneha , their time of application, their mutual combinations, sneha yonis, best sneha among each Group, Indications and contraindications of Snehapana , Samyag Snigdha , Atisnigdha and Heena snigha lakshanas and their Upakramas are explained• Snehapana matra can be decided based on the bala of Dosha, Kala, Agni and Vaya. i.e. for deeptagni - 1 pala , Madhyamagni - 3 karsha and Jaghanyagni -2 karsha Sadya sneha yogas , Snehajeerna lakshanas and upakramas , apathyas during sneha seva etc  are explained.

33. CHAPTER 2–SWEDA VIDHI Classifications Indications and contraindications of Sweda , Procedures of 4 types of sweda,Tapa , Ushma, Upanaha and Drava swedas are given. 3 types Sveda - Maha, madyama ,  durbala

34. CHAPTER 3–VAMANA VIDHI Indications and contraindications of Vamana dose of different Vamana dravyas procedure and paschat karma of Vamana Samyakvamita , Ativamita and Heena vamita lakshanas Pathya apathyas after Vamana benefits of Vamanà are explained. 3 Vamana vegas : Uttama - 8, Madhyama - 6 and Avara - 4. In cases of Vamana, Virechana and Sonitamoksha , 1 Prasta mana is considered as 13½  pala .

35. CHAPTER 4–VIRECHANA VIDHI Indications and contraindications of Virechana Doses of Virechana dravyas are explained. Samyak virikta , Durvirikta and Ativirikta lakshanas and their remedies Benefits of Virechana and some Virechana yogas etc are explained. Ritu virechana explained Ulbana atisara hara lepa-sahakara   tvacha   lepa

36. CHAPTER 5–BASTI VIDHI Indications and contraindications of Anuvasana basti Basti yantra Basti Netra procedure of Anuvasana basti etc are explained. Anuvasana Basti matra : Uttama -6 pala , Madhyama-3 pala and Heena-1 ½ pala . Samyak Anuvasita lakshanas Paschat karma Benefits, Vyapat and Chikitsa Pathya apathyas of Anuvasana etc are also explained.

37. CHAPTER 6–NIRUHA BASTI VIDHI Indications and contraindications preparation of Basti Dravya procedure of Niruha basti Suniruda and Durniruda lakshanas etc are explained. Niruha Basti matra : Uttama - 1 ⅜ prasta , Uttama - 1 ¼ prasta and Heena - 3 kutava . Different types of Bastis.are explained like Dosha hara vasti , Sodhana   vasti  etc.

38. CHAPTER 7–UTTARA BASTI VIDHI Uttarabasti administration method Uttarabasti netra Pramana Sneha matra for uttarabasti Indications and contra-indications of uttarabasti etc are explained in this chapter.

39. CHAPTER 8–NASYA VIDHI • 2 Types of Nasya ; 1. Rechana ( karshana ), 2.Snehana ( brimhana ) Virechana nasya matra :- Uttama : 8 Bindu, Madhyama: 6 Bindu & Adhama : 4 Bindu. Indications & contraindications of nasya Samyak, heena & ati suddha lakshanas of nasya . Some nasya yogas with indications are also explained. For eg : Kumkuma nasya , Mashadi nasya , Marichadi nasya etc Panchakarma

40. CHAPTER 9–DHUMPANA VIDHI Types of Dhumapana ; 6 types: 1) Shamana 2) Brimhana 3) Rechana 4) Kasaghna 5) Vamana 6) Vranadhupana . Indications & contraindications of Dhumapana , Dhuma nadi & its length for each type of Dhumapana , Dhuma varti nirmana method & Methods of Dhumapana are explained Dhumapana yoga Bala grahadhupana dravyas-mayurapicha,nimbapatra,brihati phala,marica,hingu,mamsi , karpasabija , chaga roma , ahinimoka , bidalaki vista,gaja   danta   curna

41. CHAPTER 10–GANDUSHA KAVALA PRATISARANA VIDHI Types of Gandusha and Pratisarana Hinayoga and Atiyoga of Gandushasome Gandusha , Kavala and Pratisarana yogas etc  are explained.

42. CHAPTER 11–LEPA, MURDHA TAILA, KARNAPURNA VIDHI • Synonymns of mukha lepa-alepa , lipta , lepa , lepana 3 types of Mukha Lepas and their Pramanas (thickness) are explained; Doshaghna - ¼ Angula , Vishagna - 1/3 Angula and Varnya - ½ Angula . Many Lepa yogas for different diseases are explained; eg : keedaghna lepa , lepas for Palita , Indralupta 4 types of Murdha Taila explained; i.e. Abhyanga, Parisheka , Pichu and Basti Detailed description of Sirobasti vidhi and Karnapurana vidhi   etc  are given.

43. CHAPTER 12–SONITASRAVA VIDHI • Quantity of blood to be let in Raktamoksha is 1 prasta / ½ prasta / ¼ prasta . Shuddha and Dushta rakta . lakshanas , indications and contraindications. various methods for Raktasrava according to Doshas etc are also explained.

44. CHAPTER 13–NETRA PRASADANA KARMA • 7 Netra kalpanas are explained in this chapter. They are Seka, Aschotana , Pindi , Bidalaka , Tarpana , Putapaka and Anjana Indications, contra indications Dosage Time and duration all netra karmas along with examples are explained.

45. Discussion It was difficult for the general practitioners to study the voluminous works of  Charaka ,  Susruta   etc. Hence the authors and the scholars of Ayurvedic science felt that there was an acute need of short treatises to help them. Keeping this in view most of the authors tried to compose their treatises from 10th century onwards. Nadipareeksha vidhi is explained for the first time in this text as a method for diagnosis of diseases. It is the first book describing method of Respiration mentioning special terms like Ambarapeeyusha & Vishnupadamrita . Detailed description of Saveeryatavadhi of formulations are given in Prathama khanda. Raktaja nanatmaja vyadhis are explained for the first time here. Snayuka krimi roga has been recognised for first time in this text. Chronological shaya of different biological factors like Balya , Vriddhi etc in different decades of life are explained in systematic manner. Detailed description of different kalpanas are seen in madhyama  khanda.

46. Discussion Drugs like Ahiphena , Akarakarabha , Jatiphala , Bhanga etc are incorporated into Ayurvedic medicine. Laghu Soochikabharana Rasa prayoga - a new mode of administration of drug directly into blood stream through an artificial wound is explained. Frequent use of visha dravyas like Vatsanabha , Vishamushti , Jayapala etc in therapeutics. Parshni daha in Vishuchika , Agnikarma in Andakosha vriddhi , stanika dahana karma in Yakrit & Pleeha disorders are explained. 7 methods of Anagni Swedas ( Niyudha , Margagamanam , Gurupravaranam , Ksudha , Chinta, Vyayama & Bhara ) are given. 1 Prasta is considered equivalent to 13 ½ palas in the context of Vamana, Virechana and Rakthamokshana . Virechana yogas like Abhayadi modaka , Shadrith virechana yogas etc are explained. 14 Pratimarsa nasya kalas and 7 Netra kalpanas are also explained.

47. CONCLUSION Most of the popular and famous formulations which the sages tested and recorded the efficacy by the physicians on regular usuage are here collected by Sharangdara for the best use of all human beings This samhita give complete background of fundamental principles of health care management, therapeutic management and drug pharmacology This Samhita lays the foundation for appropriate use of therapies and drug formulations. Apart from kastoushadhis which has been in vogue from the time of Charaka , Sushruta And Vagbhata , Sharangdhara included many recipes of rasa making this work replete with a number of fast-acting recipe

48. REFERENCES Sarangadhara Samhita –A Treatise on Ayurveda prof K.R.Srikanth Murthy published by choukamba Orientalia. Sarangadhara Samhita of Sarangadhacarya Sanskrit text with English Translation by Dr G. Prabhakar Rao published by choukamba Publications