Revolution of mass production powerpoint

Revolution of mass production

1. REVOLUTION OF MASS PRODUCTION Lecturer:

2. DISCUSSION Watch the videoclip Charlie Chapline – Morden time (1936) What are characteristics of the production line?

3. CONTENT Definition of Mass Production Evolution of Mass Production Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass Production Examples of Mass Production

4. DEFINITION Mass production is the industrial technique to produce large quantities of similar products in constant flows on production lines.  The strategy focuses on low-cost production by using standardized and repetitive processes to manufacture the same line of products. Companies incur a significant investment in terms of time and money to achieve mass production.

5. EVOLUTION OF MASS PRODUCTION 18 Century specialized labour and the use of machines the Industrial Revolution was clearly established 19 Century Frederick W. Taylor began studies of the organization of manufacturing operations that subsequently formed the foundation of modern production planning. Frank B. Gilbreth and his wife, Lillian Gilbreth, U.S. industrial engineers, began their pioneering studies of the movements by which people carry out tasks, using the then new technology of motion pictures 20 Century In 1913, Henry Ford and his colleagues at the Ford Motor Company, used a moving-belt conveyor in the assembly of flywheel magnetos. The success of Ford’s operation led to the adoption of mass production principles by industry in the United States and Europe

6. 18 CENTURY (1)  John Kay ’s  flying shuttle  in 1733, which permitted the  weaving  of larger widths of cloth and significantly increased weaving speed; (2)  Edmund Cartwright ’s power  loom  in 1785, which increased weaving speed still further; (3)  James Hargreaves ’s  spinning jenny  in 1764; (4)  Richard Arkwright ’s  water frame  in 1769; and (5)  Samuel Crompton ’s  spinning mule  in 1779. (6) James Watt’s   steam engine in 1765 was the key to further rapid development. (7) In 1776  Adam Smith , in his  Wealth of Nations , observed the benefits of the  specialization  of labour in the manufacture of pins. (8) Marc Brunel , established a  production line  to manufacture blocks (pulleys) for sailing ships, using the principles of division of labour and standardized parts

7. 19 CENTURY In 1881,  Frederick W. Taylor  began studies of the organization of manufacturing operations that subsequently formed the foundation of modern production planning. After carefully  studying  the smallest parts of simple tasks, Taylor was able to design methods and tools that permitted workers to produce significantly more with less physical effort. Later, by making detailed stopwatch measurements of the time required to perform each step of manufacture, Taylor brought a quantitative approach to the organization of production functions. At the same time,  Frank B. Gilbreth  and his wife,  Lillian Gilbreth , U.S. industrial engineers, began their pioneering studies of the movements by which people carry out tasks. Using the then new  technology  of  motion pictures , the Gilbreths analyzed the design of motion patterns and work areas with a view to achieving maximum economy of effort. 🡪 The “time-and-motion” studies of Taylor and the Gilbreths provided important tools for the design of  contemporary  manufacturing systems.

8. 20 CENTURY T he U.S. industrialist  Henry Ford  and his colleagues at the  Ford Motor Company , where in 1913 a moving-belt conveyor was used in the assembly of flywheel  magnetos . With it assembly time was cut from 18 minutes per magneto to five minutes. The approach was then applied to automobile body and motor assembly. The design of these production lines was highly  analytical  and sought the optimum division of tasks among work stations, optimum line speed, optimum work height, and careful synchronization of simultaneous operations. The success of Ford’s operation led to the adoption of mass production principles by industry in the  United States  and Europe. The methods made major contributions to the large growth in  manufacturing   productivity  that has characterized the 20th century and produced phenomenal increases in material wealth and improvements in  living standards  in the industrialized countries.

9. HOW MASS PRODUCTION WORKS? Mass production involves multiple assembly lines, where various people run routine procedures and do one specific job. The same equipment is used to perform the identical operation on a batch of products being manufactured. For the efficiency of the labor process, companies use differentiation, formalization, and specialization. The rationale behind such principles is to keep  manufacturing costs   low by using repetitive and standardized processes to produce uniform products. The evolution and innovation of sophisticated technologies play a great role in making manufacturing less complicated.

10. CHARACTERISTICS Mass production methods are based on these general principles: The careful division of the total production operation into specialized tasks  comprising  relatively simple, highly repetitive motion patterns and minimal handling or positioning of the workpiece The simplification and  standardization  of component parts to permit large production runs of parts that are readily fitted to other parts without adjustment. The development and use of specialized machines, materials, and processes. The systematic engineering and planning of the total production process permit the best balance between human effort and machinery, the most effective  division of labour  and specialization of skills, and the total  integration  of the  production system  to optimize productivity and minimize costs.

11. ADVANTAGES OF MASS PRODUCTION 1. High precision rate Mass production can result in a high-precision rate if production is strictly monitored and validated using present parameters. 2. Low production costs It is also associated with low production costs because the mechanization eliminates redundant job roles, thus requiring fewer workers. 3. Higher efficiency levels Additionally, mass production can lead to higher efficiency levels since automation assembles mass-produced items faster. It also gives firms a  competitive edge and higher profitability because the rapid assembly helps in the faster distribution and marketing of products.

12. DISADVANTAGES OF MASS PRODUCTION 1. Capital-intensive M ass production requires automated assembly lines, which is capital-intensive and requires large sums of investments to set up and maintain. Only companies with a large capital outlay can implement mass production in their manufacturing process. 2. Requires constant upgrades M ass production systems require upgrading and new improvements to keep up with the latest innovations in the market. 3. Low employee morale and increased employee turnover M ass production is associated with low  employee morale and increased levels of employee turnover due to the repetitive nature of the production process.

13. MASS PRODUCTION IN OTHER INDUSTRIES Groupwork Assignment: Make a presentation of how mass production is applied in other industries (Videoclip is required).

14. MASS PRODUCTION IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY Mass production in automobile industry

15. DISCUSSION When should a firm consider expanding from strictly domestic trade to international trade? When should it consider becoming further involved in international trade? What factors might affect the firm’s decisions in each case?