Rise of the West Part_1_Competition.pptx

History of the World

1. Political , Social and Economic History L1 aES

2. Name Population Beijing, China 672,000 Vijayanagar, India 500,000 Cairo, Egypt 400,000 Hangzhou, China 250,000 Tabriz, Iran 250,000 Constantinople (Istanbul) 200,000 Guar, India 200,000 Paris, France 185,000 Guangzhou, China 150,000 Nanjing, China 147,000 Ten Biggest Cities in 1500

3. Name Population London 6.48 million New York 4.24 million Paris 3.33 million Berlin 2.7 million Chicago 1.71 million Vienna 1.7 million Tokyo 1.5 million St. Petersburg, Russia 1.439 million Manchester, UK 1.435 million Philadelphia 1.42 million Ten Biggest Cities in 1900

4. Difference between East and West in territory , population and GDP between 1500 and 1913

5. Course Content Part One The Rise of the West

6. 1. Competition – a decentralization of both political and economic life, which created the basis for both nation-states and capitalism 2 . Science – a way of studying, understanding and ultimately changing the natural world , which gave the West (among other things) a major military advantage over the Rest 3 . Property rights – the rule of law as a means of protecting private owners and peacefully resolving disputes between them, which formed the basis for the most stable form of representative government

7. 4. Medicine – a branch of science that allowed a major improvement in health and life expectancy , beginning in Western societies , but also in their colonies 5 . The consumer society – a mode of material living in which the production and purchase of clothing and other consumer goods play a central economic role, and without which the Industrial Revolution would have been unsustainable 6 . The work ethic – a moral framework and mode of activity derivable from (among other sources ) Protestant Christianity , which provides the glue for the dynamic and potentially unstable society created by apps 1 to 5

8. Part Two The Fall of the West???

9. World War One , the Russian Revolution and Communism World War Two , including Fascism and the Great Depression The World 1945-2008 , including the Cold War , the Middle East and Globalisation The Modern World 2008-2020 , Peak Oil , Resource Depletion and The Financial System The Future 2020- Global Warming , End of Empires. Global Development (but at what cost ?)

10. China Ming Dynasty 15th Century

11. The Yongle Emperor The Forbidden City

12. The multitude of vessels that invest this great river is so great that no one who should read or hear would believe it . The quantity of merchandise carried up and down is past all belief . In fact it is so big , that it seems to be a sea rather than a river . Marco Polo 1270s

13. World’s first mechanical clock , 1086 - charted the movements of the sun , moon and planets . The printing press , eleventh-century . Paper - Paper money, wallpaper and toilet paper . Wang Zhen’s 1313 Treatise on Agriculture was full of implements then unknown in the West. The first blast furnace for smelting iron ore before 200 BC. The oldest iron suspension bridge in the world, dating from as early as AD 65, Revolutionized textile production with innovations like the spinning wheel and the silk reeling frame, imported to Italy in the thirteenth century . Gunpowder , solely for fireworks . A book, published in the late fourteenth century , describes land and sea mines, rockets and hollow cannonballs filled with explosives . Chinese Inventions credited to West

14. Europe 1400

15. London 1572 Population 50,000

16. ‘ the state of nature ’ is ‘solitary , poor, nasty, brutish and short.’ Thomas Hobbes

17. The Triumph of Death

18. The Ottoman writer Ibrahim Muteferrika , asked , «  Why do Christian nations, which were so weak in the past compared with muslim nations, begin to dominate so many lands in modern times and even defeat the once victorious Ottoman armies  ?»

19. This royal throne of kings, this sceptred isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, Which serves it in the office of a wall Or as a moat defensive to a house, Against the envy of less happier lands,-- This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England. Shakespeare, Richard II

20. « In Asia, the strong nations are opposed to the weak ; the warlike , brave, and active people touch immediately upon those who are indolent, effeminate , and timorous ; the one must, therefore , conquer , and the other be conquered . In Europe, on the contrary , strong nations are opposed to the strong ; and those who join each other have nearly the same courage. This is the grand reason of the weakness of Asia, and of the strength of Europe; of the liberty of Europe, and of the slavery of Asia: a cause that I do not recollect ever to have seen remarked . » Montesquieu

21. Zheng He

22. Vasco De Gama

23. Europe 1500

24. Central Europe 1500

25. European countries involved in overseas exploration, trade and the establishment of empires Portugal - from the late 15th Century Spain - from the late 15th Century Holland - from the early 17th Century Great Britain - from the late 16th Century France - from the 17th Century Germany and Italy – early 20th century

26. Why did Europe Come to Dominate the World? Its geography resulted in many rival states Lots of rival states lead to constant war , resulting in military innovation on land and sea Ingenius schemes for gathering revenue No one dominant power could prohibit trade and exploration Religious fervour – provided incentive to expand overseas

27. « No country that wishes to become developed today can pursue closed-door policies . We have tasted this bitter experience and our ancestors have tasted it . In the early Ming Dynasty in the reign of Yongle when Zheng He sailed the Western Ocean , our country was open. After Yongle died the dynasty went into decline . China was invaded . Counting from the middle of the Ming Dynasty to the Opium Wars , through 300 years of isolation China was made poor , and became backward and mired in darkness and ignorance. No open door is not an option . » Deng Xiaoping