Risk Factors For Periodontitis

Risk Factors For Periodontitis

1. Department of oral pathology Risk factors for periodontitis Presented by, Shiji margaret CRRI

2. Introduction Historically, it was believed that all individuals were uniformly susceptible to developing periodontal disease and that accumulation of plaque, poor oral hygiene and perhaps occlusal trauma were sufficient to initiate periodontitis .

3. classification Risk factors smoking Diabetes mellitus Pathogenic bacteria Risk derminants Genetic factor Age gender

4. Risk indicator osteoporosis Risk markers Previous history of periodontal disease Bleeding on probing

5. Smoking Smoking causes periodontitis

6. Smoking smoking is a well established risk factor of periodontitis . smockers will be having less bleeding than non smokers With increased use of tobacco, patients show higher periodontal probing depths, increased clinical attachment loss, more alveolar bone resorption , a higher prevalence of gingival recessions, and a higher risk for tooth loss

7. Diabetes mellitus Diabetes is a modifiable factor in the sense that though it cannot be cured, it can be controlled. Diabetes is a clear risk factor for periodontitis . Prevelence and severity of periodontitis is higher in patients with type1 and type2 diabetes

8. Diabetic parameters examined include glycemic control, duration of disease, presence of other diabetes-associated complications and population studied. Periodontal parameters examined have included gingivitis, clinical attachment loss, and alveolar bone loss. Studies have shown increased risk of ongoing periodontal destruction in diabetics as compared to nondiabetics with an odds ratio of 4.2.

9. Finally, studies have been done which suggest that poorly controlled diabetics respond less successfully to periodontal therapy relative to well-controlled and non-diabetics

10. Micro- organims and periodontal disease Micro-organisms that colonize mouth Tanerella forsythus Porphyromonas gingivalis Actinobaccilus actinomycetemcomitans

11. the presence of periodontal pathogens, though necessary to cause disease The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans confers no additional risk of developing localized aggressive periodontitis in adults It has been shown that Prevotella intermedia , P gingivalis , and Fusobacterium nucleatum may be risk indicators for periodontal disease in a diverse population, though they are not risk factors

12. Physiological factors stress

13. individuals under psychological stress are more likely to develop clinical attachment loss and loss of alveolar bone One possible link in this regard may be increases in production of IL-6 in response to increased psychological stress individuals under stress are less likely to perform regular good oral hygiene and prophylaxis

14. Genetic factors Although bacterial infection is the etiologic agent in periodontal disease. studies of identical twins suggest 50% of susceptibility to periodontal disease is due to host factors ( Michalowicz et al., 2000). Similarly, indigenous and relatively isolated populations have been shown to develop periodontal disease that differ from group to group ( Dowsett et al., 2001; Ronderos et al., 2001).

15. Age The aging process itself is suggested to be an independent risk factor for periodontal diseases The extent of severity of periodontal diseases are shown to increase with age increased level of periodontal destruction observed with aging is the result of cumulative destruction rather than a result of increased rates of destruction.

16. Healthy gingiva Pockets formed between tooth and gum Can cause destruction of bone support Increase in pocket depth cause Disease progression and lead to surgery

17. Gender Disease susceptibility may increased due to hormone related alterations in women gingival blood flow composition of saliva Men are found with worse periodontal health

18. Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a bone disease in which bone loss occurs, so that bones become weak and are more likely to break.

19. Without prevension or treatment, osteoporosis can progress whithout pain or symptoms until a bone breaks. Fractures from osteoporosis commonly occurs in the hip, ribs, spine, ribs and wrist. Osteoporosis can occur in any age It is more common in people above 50 years of age

20. Anorexia ,Diets low in calcium, phosohate and vitamin D are risk factors for osteoporosis Women are more likely to have osteoporosis than men People who are small and have thin bones are at great risk. If a persons parents are having osteoporosis he or she may be at risk

21. “ Measurement, Assessment, Elimination or reducing as many risks as possible will improve disease prevention and treatment outcomes” conclusion

22. reference Journal of International Acadamy of Periodontolgy . 2005 January ; 7(1): 3–7. Carranza 10 th edision

23. Thank you …