Risk factors of diabetes.pptx

diabetes mellitus

1. Risk factors of diabetes By Ahmed Y osry M andour

2. What is diabetes mellitus

3. Types of diabetes mellitus

4. Diffrences between type 1 and 2 DM

5. What causes type2 diabetes i.e. genetic defects/mutations responsible for insulin secretion and resistance Exact cause is Unknown. may be: Idiopathic Triggered by external factors Triggered by internal factors as hormonal changes Inherited susceptibility.

6. Risk factors ( epidemiological determinants) of Type 2 diabetes A- life style (modifiable determinants)=50% 1- obesity and overweight (BMI=25 kg/m2) 2- physical inactivity 3- unhealthy diet 4- tobacco smoking 5- alcohol use 6- stress and worry.

7. Risk factors ( epidemiological determinants) of Type 2 diabetes B- Environmental factors (triggers) =10 % Physical , chemical or biological Act as initiators of genetic mutation or genetic defect

8. Risk factors ( epidemiological determinants) of Type 2 diabetes C- personal factors Genetic (hereditary determinants):positive family history (30 -100%) Age >45 year Residence (urban> rural) , socioeconomic, race Previously identified impaired glucose tolerance History of gestational diabetes or delivery of baby over 4 kg Metabolic syndrome esp. in middle and old age

9. Risk factors ( epidemiological determinants) of Type 2 diabetes D- Health policies, health systems and services factors (10%)

10. Diabetogens i.e. substances and exposures that increase risk of type 2 DM Include: Life style: unhealthy diet, tobacco smoking, unhealthy alcohol use Environmental: pesticides (rodenticides), viral infection as mumps and coxsackie B virus. Drug induced e.g. corticosteroids & thiazide diuretics.

11. What causes type 1 DM? Unknown Thought to be autoimmune reaction (autoantibodies) that destroy islets beta cells of pancreas that produce insulin. Triggers are not clear as type 2, but include environmental (viruses, dietary, toxins) and genetic susceptibility.

12. Type 1 diabetes risk factors A- Life style: unhealthy diet, stress B- Environmental: viral infection e.g. congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) some pesticides (rodenticides) C- P ersonal factors: age (child), race (north Europe), genetic susceptibility (30% risk in monozygots ).

13. The most popular hypothesis is that viral infection enhance autoimmunity Viruses associated with type1 DM include: Coxsackie B (CVB) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Rota Mumps Rubella (only congenital rubella syndrome has conclusively associated with type 1 DM)