River 2 waterfall plungepools floodplain n levees

1. Waterfalls
•Sudden, steep and vertical flow of fast-
flowing water falling from great heights
•Formed by river erosion

2. Niagara Falls on Niagara River,
Canada and USA
• formed by
erosion of
rock of
different
resistance

3. Formation of Waterfalls

4. Formation of Waterfalls
•River flows across rocks of different
resistance.

5. Formation of Waterfalls
•River erodes the less resistant rock more rapidly
•This cause a change in the gradient of the river
course.

6. Formation of waterfalls
•Over time, river plunges from a great height to
hit the riverbed below,
•This forms a waterfall.

7. Formation of plunge pools
•Repeated pounding of the river bed leads to a
depression at the base of a waterfall
•A plunge pool is formed.

8. Floodplain
Areas of low-lying ground adjacent to a
river at the lower course

10. Formation of Floodplain and Levee

11. Formation of Floodplain and
Levee

12. Floodplain and Levee
•During a heavy rainfall, river water
overflows its bank. River loses speed as it
encounters friction.

13. Floodplain and Levee
•Deposition occurs as river’s energy decreases.
•Coarser and heavier sediments are deposited
nearer to the river bank.
•Finer and lighter sediments are deposited
further away.

14. Formation of Floodplain and
Levee

15. Floodplain and Levee
•Overtime, the accumulation of fine
sediments results in the formation of flat
plains

16. •Coarser and heavier sediments are
acculumated
•Results in the formation of raised banks
•Known as levees.