RIVER ENGINEERING for Civil Engineering CE

College of Engineering

1. RIVER ENGINEERING

2. WHAT IS RIVER ENGINEERING? River engineering is a discipline of civil engineering which studies human intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit. People have intervened in the natural course and behaviour of rivers since before recorded history—to manage the water resources, to protect against flooding, or to make passage along or across rivers easier.

3. Benefits/Contribution of Rivers in:

4. Flood control the act or technique of controlling river flow with dams, dikes, artificial channels, etc., so as to minimize the occurrence of floods. In many countries, flood-prone rivers are often carefully managed. Defenses such as dykes, reservoirs and dams are used to keep rivers from overflowing. A dam is one of the methods of flood protection, which reduces the risk of flooding compared to other methods, once it can help preventing damage. However, it is best to combine dykes with other flood control methods to reduce the risk of a collapsed embankment.

5. Dams and Reservoir A dam is a structure built across a stream or river to hold water back. Dams can be used to store water, control flooding, and generate electricity. Manmade dams create artificial lakes called reservoirs. Reservoirs can be used to store water for farming, industry, and household use. They also can be used for fishing, boating, and other leisure activities. People have used dams for many centuries to help prevent flooding.

6. Angat Dam - San Lorenzo, Bulacan

7. Dykes and Spurs The purpose of a d y ke and spurs are to protect land and property from the water on the other side. These embankments work to prevent flooding and hold back the water. The removal of d y kes would result in a flood. Temporary d y kes can be used to divert water from areas that have been disturbed like cut or fill slopes.

8. Dyke flood protection at Bgy. Poblacion, Mis. Oriental

9. Levees A levee is a natural or artificial wall that blocks water from going where we don't want it to go. Levees may be used to increase available land for habitation or divert a body of water so the fertile soil of a river or seabed may be used for agriculture. They prevent rivers from flooding cities in a storm surge.

10. Levee flood protection

11. Seawalls Seawalls interrupt natural sediment transport: Such as by stopping sediment from cliff erosion nourishing a beach, reflecting waves, or blocking movement of sediment alongshore .

12. Seawall

13. Water supply Humans use rivers for irrigation in agriculture, for drinking water, for transportation, to produce electricity through hydroelectric dams, and for leisure activities like swimming and boating as well as a range of other ecosystem services and intrinsic and biodiversity values. Managing rivers to provide multiple benefits is therefore foundational to water security and other policy priorities.

14. Environment conservation Rivers are the lifeblood of the Earth and of the human civilization. They act as drainage channels of surface waters, and carry water and nutrients through great distances. Rivers also serve as habitat and provide food to many organisms. Rivers are the veins of the Earth, transporting the water and nutrients needed to support the planet’s ecosystems, including human life. In Asia, some of the world’s largest rivers flow from the highest mountain ranges to vast floodplains below and finally into the ocean. Like veins these rivers connect the rocks in the mountains to the sediment at the bottom of the ocean and give life to everything in between. While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet - carbon.

15. Economic activities of the area Rivers are very important to a country’s economy because they are a valuable natural resource. In addition to providing water for irrigation operations, they also ensure soil fertility by carrying mineral-rich silt. They are also used to generate hydroelectricity and are useful for navigation and transportation. Food is also abundant in rivers, which contain fish and other marine life. Rivers have some drawbacks. Rivers increase the risk of flooding. If you have fertile land, you can grow crops. If they have enough food and water, they can even raise livestock. Water and nutrients are transported by rivers to regions of the world. In the water cycle, they play a very important role as they act as drainage channels for surface water. Rivers consume about 75% of the earth’s surface. For many terrestrial species, rivers provide excellent food and habitat. Rivers play an important role in the economy of the country because their water is a basic natural resource that is necessary for various human activities:

16. For irrigation, rivers provide water. They feed the world with fertility. For navigation, they are very useful. They contribute to the production of hydroelectricity. They contribute to the growth of tourism. For various household uses, they provide water. They assist the fishermen. They help to reduce the weather and climate of the surrounding areas. Entertainment-People are allowed to swim and play or fish, kayak, etc. They provide clean water, transportation, affordable electricity, and livelihoods to many people around the world.

17. Water irrigation

18. Fishing in rivers

19. Hydroelectricity power plant

20. Let’s test your learnings! 1. People have ______ in the natural course and behavior of rivers. 2. An act or technique of controlling river flows with dams, dykes and etc. 3-5. Differentiate Dam to Reservoir 6. _____ maybe used to divert a body of water so the fertile soil of the river may be used for agriculture. 7. It is the lofeblood of the Earth 8-10. Give 3 Important role of Rivers in economy.

21. Answer key: 1. intervened 2. flood control 3-5. dam - structure built while reservoir is articial lakes 6. levee 7. river 8-10. For irrigation, rivers provide water. They feed the world with fertility. For navigation, they are very useful. They contribute to the production of hydroelectricity. They contribute to the growth of tourism. For various household uses, they provide water. They assist the fishermen. They help to reduce the weather and climate of the surrounding areas. Entertainment-People are allowed to swim and play or fish, kayak, etc. They provide clean water, transportation, affordable electricity, and livelihoods to many people around the world.