Rivers of India.pdf

Rivers in india

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RIVERS OF INDIA

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S.No.River Originates From Falls intoMajor Cities on The Banks
1Ganges GangotriGlacier Bay of Bengal
Varanasi, Allahabad, Haridwar,
Patna
2Brahmaputra Angsi Glacier (Tibet) Bay of BengalGuwahati, Dibrugarh
3Indus Tibet, Kailash Range Arabian SeaLeh, Kargil
4Godavari Triambakeshwar, MaharashtraBay of Bengal
Trimbakeshwar, Nashik,
Rajahmundry
5Narmada Amarkantak, Madhya PradeshArabian SeaJabalpur, Harda, Bharuch
6Krishna Near Mahabaleswar, MaharashtraBay of BengalSangli, Vijayawada
7Yamuna Yamunotri Glacier Ganges RiverDelhi, Agra, Mathura
8Mahanadi Hills of Southeastern ChhattisgarhBay of BengalRajim, Sambalpur, Cuttack

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9 Kaveri Talakaveri, Karnataka Bay of BengalTiruchirapalli, Erode
10Tapti (Tapi)
Satpura Range near Multai, Madhya
Pradesh
Arabian SeaBurhanpur, Bhusawal, Surat
11Sutlej Lake Rakshastalin Tibet Indus RiverFerozpur, Rupnagar
12Chambal
Vindhya Range Near Mhow, Madhya
Pradesh
Yamuna RiverKota,Gwalior
13Beas Beas Kund, Himachal PradeshSutlej RiverMandi, Kullu, Amritsar
14Tungabhadra
Koodli (where Tunga and Bhadra
rivers meet), Karnataka
Krishna RiverHarihar, Hospet, Hampi, Kurnool
15Sabarmati Aravali Hills Near Udaipur, RajasthanArabian SeaAhmedabad, Gandhinagar

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GANGA RIVER
Originating at Gaumukhfrom Gangotriglacier of the Himalayas, the river is called Bhagirathi at
the source and acquires the name Ganges from Devprayagonwards where it meets the
Alaknanda.
Named Padmain Bangladesh, Jamuna(Brahmputra) meets padmanear golundo, meghnameets
with Padmanear chandpurthen it’s called Meghana.
From left-Ramganga, Gomti, Tons, Ghaghra, Gandak, Kosi& Mahananda.
From right-Yamuna, Son, Damodarmeets with ganga.

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At 2,525 km long the Ganges is one of the longest rivers in India. Also called the Ganga,
it is the most sacred river in Hinduism and worshipped by devotees as Goddess Ganga.
The Ganges river rises in the western Himalayan region in Uttarakhandand flows
through the Gangeticplains of India before entering into Bangladesh and eventually
ending into the Bay of Bengal.
Its two chief tributaries are the river Ghaghara, the largest in terms of water volume and
the Yamuna, the longest by length.
Some of the prominent cities located on the banks of the Ganges are Varanasi,
Allahabad, Haridwar, Kanpur and Patna.

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BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER
Running through the states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh in India, the Brahmaputra
river crosses international boundaries to traverse neighbouringcountries Bangladesh
and China. Renowned as the largest river in India (considering water flow), the
Brahmaputra river travels 2,900 km from source to the union point.
It originates from the Angsiglacier near Mount Kailashin BurangCounty of Tibet,
where the river is called YarlungTsangpo. It flows further through southern Tibet and
enters Arunachal Pradesh.

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Continuing its journey through the Assam Valley as Brahmaputra river and southward
through Bangladesh it merges with the river Padma. Thereafter it is called as river
Meghnaeventually emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
Guwahatiand Dibrugarhare the two major cities situated on the banks of the river
Brahmaputra.
Dihang, Debang, Lohit, Dhanshree, Kameng, Subansiri, Tistaare famous tributaries.
World’s largest river island Manjuliformed by brahamputra.

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INDUS RIVER
Birthplace to the ancient Indus valley civilisation, the Indus river holds immense
historical significance.
The country of India got its name from this great river. It is considered one of the
seven sacred rivers in India.

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The river begins its 3,180 km long journey from the Tibetan plateau of the Kailash
Mountain range near lake Mansarovar(Angsiglacier).
It flows afterward through Ladakhtowards the Gilgit-Baltistanregion and southward
into Pakistan and finally unites with theArabian sea near Karachi.

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A major portion (over 60 percent) of the Indus basin catchment area lies in Pakistan. Indus
Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan allows India to use 20 percent of the total water
carried by the Indus river.
Some of the major tributaries of the Indus river include Kabul (river), Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas
and Sutlej river.

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GODAVARI RIVER
At 1,465 km long, the Godavari river is the longest river in Southern India. It is also known as
‘DakshinaGanga’ which means “Ganges of the South”.
It originates in the Western Ghats near Trimbakeshwarin Nashikdistrict of Maharashtra. This
river is amongst one of the highly venerated rivers in India and finds mention in several Hindu
scriptures.

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It flows through several states of India including Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh and Odishabefore emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
Some of its major left bank tributaries are Purna, Pranhita, Indravatiand Sabaririver, while the
right bank tributaries include Pravara, Manjiraand Manairriver.

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The Godavari river forms the third largest river basins in the Indian subcontinent after the
Ganges and Indus rivers.
The Krishna Godavari Basin is one of the main nesting sites of the endangered Olive Ridley sea
turtle. The river is also home to the endangered fringed-lipped carp (Labeofimbriatus).
The second largest mangrove formation in the country known as Coringamangrove forests lies
in Godavari delta.
A part of the forest has been converted to CoringaWildlife Sanctuary, famous for its reptile
population.

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NARMADA RIVER
Rising near Amarkantakrange of mountains in Madhya Pradesh, the Narmada is the largest west
flowing river in Peninsular India.
Draining the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat along its 1,312 km course, the
river eventually merges into the Arabian sea.
Counted amongst one of the seven holy rivers in India, the Narmada river finds mention in the
ancient scriptures of Hinduism.

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This river has many waterfalls, notably Dugdhdhara, Dhardifalls, Kapildharaand the splendid
Dhuandharfalls inBhedaghat, southwest of Jabalpur. Some of the important cities and towns
situated on its bank are Jabalpur, Harda, Mandla, Bharuchand Omkareshwar.
The valley of river Narmada supports a wide variety of wildlife within its protected areas
includingBandhavgarhNational Park andKanhaNational Park. Two tributaries of Narmada,
namely, Hallonand Banjar, flow through the forests of Kanha.

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KRISHNA RIVER
Also known as Krishnaveni, the Krishna river has its origin in the Western Ghats near
Mahabaleshwarin Maharashtra.
It is one of the most important peninsular rivers in India running its course of 1,400 km through
the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telanganaand ultimately emptying into the Bay of Bengal
near Koduruin Andhra Pradesh.

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Tungabhadra river on the right bank is the largest tributary while the Bhima river at 861 km long
is the longest tributary of the Krishna river.
It is the fourth-biggest river in terms of river basin area in India, after the Ganges, Godavari and
Brahmaputra. The delta of the Krishna river is one of the most fertile regions in India.
There are many dams built across this river to utilise river water for irrigation and electricity
generation. The prominent ones are Srisailam Dam and Nagarjuna Sagar Dam.

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Sangliin Maharashtra and Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh are the two largest cities on the banks
of the Krishna river.
The Krishna basin supports rich vegetation and hosts some of thebest wildlife sanctuaries in
India.
The last surviving Mangrove forests in the Krishna estuary have been declared as the Krishna
Wildlife Sanctuary.
Few other major wildlife-protected areas in the Krishna basin include Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam
Tiger Reserve, KoynaWildlife Sanctuary and ChandoliNational Park.

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YAMUNA RIVER
Known as the longest tributary of the river Ganges in India, the Yamuna river rises from the
Yamunotriglacier at an altitude of 6,387 meters in the Lower Himalaya region of Uttarakhand.
It traverses the states of Uttarakhand, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh
along its course of 1,376 km.

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It continues to flow till it merges with the Ganges at Sangamin Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh). The
confluence of two rivers is a holy place to Hindus where the famous KumbhMelais held every
12 years.
The river Yamuna is worshipped as goddess Yamuna by Hindus and is highly venerated in
Hinduism. The Tons river is its largest tributary flowing through the Garhwalregion in
Uttarakhand.
In addition to the Ganges, it is also a major destination for water-based adventure sports like
white-water rafting in Uttarakhand.

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MAHANADI RIVER
Rising from an elevation of 442 meters (1,450 ft) in the hills of southeastern Chhattisgarh,
Mahanadi is one of the major rivers in India.
The word Mahanadi is a combination of two Sanskrit words mahameaning ‘great’ and nadi
meaning ‘river’.
The river flows northwards through Raipur district in Chhattisgarh and after meeting Seonath
river it turns east and enters Odisha.

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The world’s largest earthen dam –Hirakuddam has been constructed on Mahanadi river near
Sambalpurcity in Odisha.
Behind the dam, the 55 km long Hirakudreservoir forms one of the longest artificial lakes in
Asia. It traverses Cuttack and Puridistricts and eventually merges into the Bay of Bengal.

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KAVERI RIVER
The largest river in Tamil Nadu, Kaveri(Cauvery) river has its origin in the foothills of the
Western Ghats at Talakaveriin Kodagudistrict of Karnataka.
Flowing from south to eastwards along its 805 km course through the states of Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu, the river empties into the Bay of Bengal.

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Along its journey from Kodaguhills to the Deccan plateau, the Kaveririver forms two islands in
Srirangapatnaand Shivanasamudra.
Cascading down from a height of 98 meters (320 ft) at Shivanasamudra, the river gives birth to
the magnificent Shivanasamudrafalls.
The second hydroelectric plant in India was built on this falls in 1902 to supply electricity to the
city of Bengaluru. The first one was established in Darjeeling in the year 1898.
Some of the main tributaries of the river include Hemavati, Hemavatiand Kabiniriver.
This river is highly venerated by Hindus and a temple has also been built in Talakaveridedicated
to Goddess Kaveri. Talakaveriis one of the prime tourist attractions in Coorg.

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The river Kaverihas an important place in Tamil literature and is counted amongst one of the
most loved and celebrated rivers in India.
Known as the lifeline of Karnataka and Tamilnadu, this river is the main source of drinking water,
irrigation and electricity. The Kaveridelta forms one of the most fertile regions in the country.
One of the famous bird sanctuaries in Karnataka,RanganathittuBird Sanctuaryis also situated
on the banks of the Kaveririver.

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TAPTI RIVER
Flowing westwards through Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat over a length of 724 km,
the Tapti (or Tapi) river originates from GawilgarhHills in Satpurarange of central Deccan
plateau. It drains into the Arabian sea through the Gulf of Khambhat.

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It is amongst one of the three peninsular rivers in India that run from east to west, apart from
the Narmada and Mahirivers. The main tributaries of the Tapti river are the Purna, Girna,
Panjhra, Bori, Waghurand Anerriver.Legendhas it that the river Tapti is the daughter of Surya,
the Sun god and Chhaya, the goddess of shadow.Somemajor towns located on the bank of the
river are Bhusawalin Maharashtra, Suratin Gujarat, Betul, Multai, and Burhanpurin Madhya
Pradesh.Onthe southeastern bank of the river, lies MelghatTiger Reserve in Amravati district. It
is amongst one of the first ninetiger reservesnotified under the Project Tiger.
The river nurtures and supports wildlife in the Melghatforest, which is famous for its rich flora
and fauna.

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SUTLEJ RIVER
An ancient river and the easternmost tributary of the Indus river, the Sutlej river has its source
in lake Rakshastalin Tibet. It is the longest of the five rivers that give the state of Punjab its
name. The river traverses a number of Himalayan gorges before entering the plains of Punjab
near Nangaland then merges with Beas river in Punjab.

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Continuing its journey west-southwest the Sutlej enters Pakistan where it joins the Chenab river
before merging into the Indus. It flows for 1,050 km in the Indian territory out of its total course
of 1,450 km.
There are several hydroelectric projects on the river Sutlej including BhakraDam, NathpaJhakri
Dam and KarchamWangtooHydroelectric Plant.

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CHAMBAL RIVER
One of the major tributaries of the river Yamuna at 965 km long, the river Chambal rises in the
Vindhya Range near Indore in Madhya Pradesh.
It traverses three states in India namely, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh and
also forms part of the Rajasthan-Madhya Pradesh boundary. The river finishes at the
confluence of five rivers including the Chambal, Yamuna, Sind, Pahujand Kwarinear Bharehin
Uttar Pradesh.

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The Chambal river is amongst one of the unpolluted rivers in India. It is home to several
fascinating marine creatures including Gangeticriver dolphins, red-crowned roof turtle and
mugger crocodile.
A portion of the river flows through National Chambal GharialWildlife Sanctuary supporting
floral and faunal growth of the sanctuary.
With more than 300 species of resident and migratory birds, the sanctuary is a birdwatchers’
paradise.

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BEAS RIVER
Flowing through the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab along its 470 km course, the Beas
river is a major tributary of the riverSutlej.
It rises from the Beas Kundin the Dhauladharrange of the majestic Himalayas, eventually
landing into the river Sutlej at Kapurthalain Punjab.
Beas Kundis a popular trekking destination near Manali. The major tributaries of the river are
Bain, Banganga, Luniand Uhal.

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It is one of the five rivers from which the Indian state of Punjab gets its name. According to the
legends, the sage VedVyasacreated this river from its source lake. The holy river Beas finds
mention in the scripts of Indian epic Mahabharata as the Vipasariver.
The Beas river is a source of drinking water for people living in Kullu, Mandiand Kangraregions.
The blue waters of the Beas river add to the scenic beauty of the charming Kulluand Kangra
valleys.

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TUNGABHADRA RIVER
Formed by the confluence of the TungaRiver and the BhadraRiver at Koodliin Shimogadistrict
of Karnataka, the Tungabhadra river is a major tributary of the Krishna river.
It is one of the important rivers in India which is part of the South Indian Peninsula.
Along its course of 531 km, the river flows through Karnataka, Telanganabefore merging into
the Krishna River near Sangameswaramvillage in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. This sacred
river has been mentioned in the epic Ramayana as the river Pampa. The Place of union of the
Tungabhadra and the Krishna River is a holy pilgrimage site.

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The Sangameswaratemple dedicated to Lord Shiva a famous Hindu temple is located at the
place of confluence in Kurnool district.
There are several ancient and holy sites situated on the banks of the river Tungabhadra including
Pampapatitemple dedicated to Lord Shiva in Karnataka, Sri JogulambaTemple dedicated to
Goddess Parvatiin Andhra Pradesh.
The Tungabhadra river water has been dammed to construct Tungabhadra dam near the town of
Hospetin Karnataka for the purpose of irrigation and electricity generation.
Merely 14 km away from Tungabhadra dam, lies the UNESCO World Heritage Site Hampi, which
was the capital of the historical VijayanagaraDynasty.

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SABARMATI RIVER
Rising from the Aravali hills in Rajasthan the Sabarmati river travels its 48 km long course in
Rajasthan and 323 km in Gujarat, ultimately joining the Arabian sea at Gulf of Cambay
(Khambhat). The river is fed by rainwater and flows with its full might during monsoon.

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The chief tributaries of this river are the Wakal, Harnav, Watrak, Hathmati and Sei rivers. Several
dams have been built on this river and its tributaries.
Dharoi dam is situated on the Sabarmati main river while Hathmati, Harnav, Watrak and Mazam
dams are on the tributaries of the river.
India’s greatest freedom fighter Mahatma Gandhi established Sabarmati Ashram as his home on
the banks of this river in Ahmedabad.

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