Riyaski -Learniing through experience automatically

Automobile

1. 1˙hils
wm wdh;kh u.s ka fuda gr® r: ;dCIK iÛrd ;=kla udis lj ks l=;a lrk ,o w;r
ths ka fuda gr® r: iy ˙hils hk iÛrd úfYa Ifhka u Wiia fuda gr® r: ;dCIKh i|yd fjka
jQ ta jd fõ' is ma r: iÛrdj bf,la fg% dks la ;dCIKh uq iq fkdjQ moa O;s i|yd jQ w;r th
úfYa Ifhka u bfla fg% dks la ;dCIKh fkdue;s ldr® ñlhs ka f.a m˙YS ,kh i|yd úh'
˙hils iÛrdfõ ;dCIK ,s ms is h,a , ixia ldrl úis ka u ieliQ w;r mdGlhs ka ygo
Tjq ka f.a w;a oelS ï .ek ,s ùug w;s fr® lhla ,ndfok ,°' fuys ola jd we;a f;a tf,i
mdGlhs ka úis ka fhduq lrk ,o w;a oelS ï w,,d ,s hjq kq ,s ms fm<ls '

2. 2 ˙hils
˙hils iÛrdfõ m<jQ mdGl ,s ms weiq ˙ka fuu ,s ms fm< ilia lrk ,°
w;aoelSï ;=,ska
wOHhkhla
uq Ω ijq † wrdìfha u jdf.a udr® . ks r® udKh lr
we;a f;a GAC ls hk fldïmeks fhkq hs ' uu tys ˙hdoa ms ys á
YdLdjl ú≥,s ldr® ñlfhl= yeáhg /ls hdj ,nd .s fha
1978 jifr® °hs ' kjd;eka we;=Ω is hΩ myiq lï fldïmeks h
u.s ka iemhQ w;r wm fofokl=g ,enq fka tla ldurhls '
lEu wm úis ka u Whd.; hq ;=úh'
fuh wm úis ka l,s a ka m% ldYhg m;a lrk ,o
is ma r: iÛrdj fj; udjke,a f,a ks u,a lreKd;s ,l kï
mdGl uyf;l= úiska fhduqjqkq mdGl ,smshls'
ldr® ñlhs ka f.a hï hï fkdie,ls ,s u;a Ndjhka ks id
is ≥jq kq fujka w;a ±ls ï Tn oks kï ke;a kï Tnu thg
uq yq K md we;a kï fï f,i m<ls ¯ug wm fj; fhduq
lrka k' - ixia ldrl
≥≥≥≥
bka †hka mls ia :dka ms ,s mhs ka nx.a ,dfoa Ya jeks
rgj,a ls ys mhl fia jlhs ka fuys is á w;r jdikdjg ug
uq Üá ál fida ∞ °u mu◊'kñka úu,is ˙ jQ Tyq wmf.a lEïma
tfla is á wfkl=;a cd;S ka w;ro fnfyúka ckms % h úh' ta
fjk ls is jla ks id fkdj oCI ldr® ñlfhl= jq Tyq f.a iyh
wfkl=;a ldr® ñlhs ka i|yd ls is ≥ .=reuq ia áhla fkdue;s j
,nd°u ks id nj jgyd .ekS ug ud yg jeä ojila .;
fkdùh' wm wdh;kfha jeä jYfhka u Ndú;djq fka
legms ,r® hka ;% jk w;r ta ms <s n|j Tyq f.a ;s nq fka mq ≥u
oCI;djhls ' wdh;khg f.ka jk úúO ud†,s j, w;s úYd,
hka ;% j, tk ixlS r® K foda I ks ys jekS is ;ñka wvq u
ld,hl
ska ks j/† ls ¯ug ;s nq kq oCI;djh fld;rïo h;a
fndfyda wjia :dj, md,l B‚ma is hka jreka fujeks hka ;%
wm rfÜ ;s fnkjdo hka k weiQ jdr wkka ;h' we;eï
wjia :dj, ;uka ta hka ;% h ≥gq uq ,a j;dj th nj mejiQ
úg Tjq ka f.a uq jÛg tljru ke.=fka w,a ,d hk jpkhhs '
ta Tjq ka úYa uh m<lrka fka foúhka is ys ls ˙fuka neúks '
udi ls ys mhla .;jk úg Ty q yd ud w;r
we;s jq fka ñ;=re oug jvd ifydor;a jhla hhs mejiq fjd;a
th jvd;a ks j/†h' fï w;r Tyq f.a ks jdvq ta ug ;s nq kq
†kho udihlg jvd iñm úh' újdyfhka yh uilg miq j
ijq †hg wd Tyq ms fhl= jQfha o úfoa Y .;j is áh†h' ;u
ì˙h;a orej;a uj;a ne,S fï wdYdj ks id tu †kh tk;=re
Tyq is áfha weÛs
,s .ks ñks ' †k follg jrla j;a gjq ug hk
úu,a nrgu Wia idf.k tk nvq j,s ka jeä m% udKhla ;u
kq ≥gq mq ;= i|yd õh'
ks jdvq tk †kh ,x j;a u i;=g ks idu Tyq g fmr
m˙† lEu .ekS uo wmyiq úh' ks ka o .s fha o ke;' uf.a
„ú;fha by<u fõokdjla ,o †kh W∞ jq fka fï w;rh'
tod Wfoa jevg hdug ´jfrda ,a tl we|.;a Tyq ,xldjg
hk flfkl= w; heùug ,s hQ ,s ms h we,õfõ
fï b;s ka uu
,xldjg hjk wka ;s u ,s hq ufka
ls hñks ' tfia jev ìug .s h
wms oj,a lEug kej; lEïma tlg tka k yok úgu úu,a g
y†is fcdí tlla mejre◊' ta legms ,r® ij,a hka ;% hl
tka ‚fï ãi,a ldka ≥jls '
lEug tka k mrla l=±hs weiS ug ud úu,a fidhd
hk úg Tyq is áfha hka ;% fha úYd, ghrhla Wv ke.f.k
tka ‚fï foda Ih fidhñks ' tu hka ;% h úYd, tlla jQ
,enq fka wmg jirlg muK
fmr tys fia jhg .s h is xy,
;reKfhl=f.au ldurhls'
ms % hukdm wys xil ;reKfhl=
jQ Tyq ug jvd jir fol
;=kls ka nd, úh' tfy;a tu
rgg ud kjlfhl= jQ neúka
ud yg is hΩ .=reyrelï
fok ,oa foa o Tyq úis ks ' wvq
;rñka f;a tlla j;a y˙hg
yod .ekS ug fkdyels j is á ud
yg Tyq yuqùu fmr jdikdjla
jQfha ks
ji° fuka u lEu ìu
ál lgg ryg ,enq kq neúks '
udf.a rdcld˙h jQfha yÜá
.uka lrka fka wela i,fr® grh ;o lr
tka ‚ka fõ.h jeälrk úg mu◊ s '
tfy;a hka ;% h k;rlr hd h q ;a f;a
ks hq g% ,a ls ¯fuka miq jh' uka o tka ‚u
fr® ia jq jfyd;a frda o lerflk neúks '
;uka ;j meh nd.hls ka tk
nj;a ug lEu fn∞f.k lk f,i;a úu,a
mejiQ fyhs ka uu wdmiq tka k ms g;a
jq fkñ' jev ìfï is hΩ hka ;% k;rj
;snqkq w;r y~lg wei qfka úu,a
jevlrkhka ;% fha tka ‚ka y~ mu◊' fï
ks id tla jru th fr® ia lrk y~ ud yg fyd¢ka weiq kq
w;r ta iu.u jev wjika lr tk fia jlhs ka f.a lE.ik
yçka jev ìu fojk;a úh' is ≥jQfha
l=ula ±hs fkdo;a kuq ;a
yefuda u úu,a jev l, hka ;% h wi,g ≥jmq ks id uu;a
t;ekg †õfjñ' ta ;a ug ±l .ka k ,enq fka l=ula o@
tu úYd, legms ,r® hka ;% fha jevl, ˙h≥rd
hka ;% h k;r ls ¯fuka miq j th ks hq g% ,a lr f.dia fkd;s nq ks '
tka ‚u ;s î we;a f;a whs â, fõ.fha ks id hka ;% h tl;ek
;s nq ks ' fï nj fkd±k úYd, ghrh Wv is g tka ‚ug tì
f∞a Ih fidhñka is á úu,a tys is gu w; oud fmdïmh ,Ûs ka
tka ‚u fr® ia lr we;' ta iu.u ghrh lrflñk a r:h
b†˙hg mek ;s nq fka fgdka .kkl nr;a iu. b†˙
frda ohg wys xil úu,a f.a is rer folv lr wUrjd,ñks '
bka miq fudkjd ù±hs ug u;l ke;'
w;rtu ghrh úu, a g jvd Wi úh' fgdka
.kKla nr jq j;a ta jd t<ùu b;d myiq úh'
tms ihs la ,s la .s hr iys ; th .s hrfha ;s ìh°
jq jo tka ‚u mk.ka jd ;eìh yels w;r th

3. 3˙hils
˙hils iÛrdfõ m<jQ mdGl ,s ms weiq ˙ka fuu ,s ms fm< ilia lrk ,°
f,dl= ndia Wkakefyag
u;l ysák mdvula
fuh is ≥jQfha ,x.u tla ;rd m% dfoa YS h jevm,l°
1976 jifr® °h' fuu jevmf,a jeä jYfhka u flrefka
rcfha jdyk wΩ;a jeähdj jQ w;r tys ldr® ñl wxYfha
is hΩ jev Ndrj ls % hdl, oCI ndia Wka kefya flfkla úh'
fuu wjêfha iEu .rdchlu mdfya jevoka kd ndia
Wka kefya ,d ks ;ru is áfha ys i W≥ïudf.kh' ue†úfha
miqjQ fuys i|yka ndiaWkakefyago tu .;s iïmQr®Kfhkau
ms ys á w;r ;u f.da , nd,hs ka g Tyq f.ka jQ ;dvk mS vk
ks ula fkdùh' Tjq ka g ks ;ru fudyq l:d lf,a jfrka m,hka
ndidfjka jQ w;r iq Ω wvq mdvq jla jQ úg mjd wid is àugj;a
ne˙ wiNH jpk Ndú;ho Tyq f.a mq reoa ola úh' thg;a
jvd Tyq m%
is oa O jQfha ;uka oka kd Ydia ;% h ls is u
wjia :djlj;a wkq ka g fkdfoka fkla yeáhgh'
? ;†ka jeis jei uq Ω jev ìuu uvù ;s nq ks ' t†k W≤ik
fia jhg jdr® :dlr jev ìug we;=ΩjQ kjlhs ka ;s fokdg
uq ,s ka u ±l.;yels jQfha wfma f,dl= ndia Wka kefya f.a
fida nk jevls ' ;ks iq ≥ we∫ñka jevg tk ndia Wka kefya
;uka f.a we∫ï udre ls ¯ug;a fmr jevmf,a fí% la vjq ka
jdykfha a tka ‚ka foda Ihla fidhk fida nk wdldrh tu
or® Ykhhs ' ndia Wka kefya ;u iq ≥ we∫u ms áka tu foda Ih
fidhñka is áfha mk.ka jd whs â, fõ.fha we;s tka ‚fï
gemÜ ljrh Wv jdäf.k i s .rÜgq jl=;a o,a jdf.kh'
˙h≥re wiq fka is áfha Tyq f.a wdjf;a j jevgu ;s hdf.k
i
sák b;d wys xil f.da ,fhls ' tfy;a Tijd we;s
fndfkdÜgq j ks id Tjq ka tls fkldg fmfkka fka o ke;'
f,d˙h wjgo uvù ;s nq kq w;r ndia f.a fï
fida nfka g l< hq ;= hula fidhñka fuu kjlhs ka ;=ka fokd
ta wi,g .s hy' ;uka b;d wiS re jeo.;a ldhH_ hla lrk
nj weÛùug fuka ndia Wka kefya fudjq ka .kka .;a f;a j;a
ke;' tho Tyq f.a ;j;a fida nk .;s hls ' tljru hula
u;la jQjdla fuka rx.khl fh≥kq ndia Wka kefya fï
;s fokdf.ka flfkl=g
§u,a ,S wka k wr '''''''g tka ‚u k;r
lrka g ls hka k
¶hkq fjka mejis h' ojfia jev mgka
w;a ±lS ï ;= ,s ka wOHhkhla
fuu ms gq j i|yd mdGlhs ka f.ka ,s ms imhk f,ig
l, b,a ,S u m˙† fhduq jq kq ,s ms w;= rs ka fuh f;da rd .kq ,enq fõ
úkh ms ˙yq kq we;eï ldr® ñlhs ka ;ju;a wm w;r is ákd neúka
Tjq kg wdor® Yhla jkq ms ◊ih' ,s ms h imhk ,o mdGl uy;df.a
úfYa I b,a ,s ula jQ fha fuh is ≥jQ ia :dkh iy kï.ï ls is jla m,
fkdlrk f,igh' uka o fuu is ≥úu tjlg ,x.u jevm,j,a
fndfyduhl me;s r f.dia ;s nQ ks id;a fuu ndia Wka kefya ;ju;a
„j;= ka w;r is ák ks id;a h' flfia kuq ≥ wm n,dfmdfrd;a ;=
jka fka fuu ms gq j ;= ,s ka ;dCI◊l Wmfoila fyda wdor® Yhla
,nd.; yels Tnf.a w;a ±lS ula m, ls ¯ugh'
fï w;r tu
jifr® ,xld cr® udkq
ldr®ñl wNHdi
úoHd,fhka ms gjq is iq ka
;sfofkl=o fuu
jevm,gu ;u uq,a m;aùï
,nd wd w;r fuu f,dl=
ndia Wkakefya Tjqkg
muKla .reire we;s j
wduka;%Kh ls¯ug;a Tjqka
iu. iqyoj lghq;=
ls¯ug;a ks;ru j.
n,d.;af;ah' thg fya;=j
tu wNHdY ú≥yf,ka meñ◊ úYd, ixLHdjla tys fia jh
ls ¯u;a Tjq ka f.ka fndfyduhla tys by< ;k;=re ±¯u;a
fï is hΩ fokdu w;r f,dl= tluq ;= lula ;s îu;a ks idh'
flfia kuq ≥ fujr fuu l,a ,s
hg wΩ;s ka tl;= jQ kjlhs ka
;s fokdu whq la ;s h widOdrKh fkdbjik kyhg wyka fk
ke;s cd;s fha wh úh'
wm f,dl= ndiaWkakefyaf.ka ;ukag lsis lrorhla
ke;s jq k;a tys is ák wfkl=;a wys xil ldr® ñlhs ka yg ;s nq kq
lrorh .ek fuu kjlhs ka ;s fokd ks ;ru lïmdúh' fï
ks idu f,dl= ndia Wka kefya f.a T¨j nia ika kg hï hï jev
lghq ;= l,;a ta yeuls ka u ndia Wka kefya fudjq ka g ;j ;j;a
nh jq kd ñi ye≥fka kï ke;' fï yeugu jvd fï ;=ka
fokdg fï ndia Wka kefya wm% ika k jQfha jevg jvd ;s nq kq
fida nkhg;a ls hk wiNH jpk ks id;a h'
fuu jevm,g fí% la vjq ka ldhH_
hka i|yd ;s nq fka
Tia áka j._ fha f,d˙hls ' ldr® j, fuka tys fndkÜ tl
w˙ka kg ;s nq fka o b†˙fhka by<gh' fï ls hk ojfia l,s ka
.ka kg;a fmr W≤iku Tyq
;u f.da ,hd wduka ;% Kh l,
tu le; jpkh ksid fudjqkag
we;sjQfha ;o ms<sl=,ls' fujeks
le; jpk fuka u fida nk
;j;a fkdlrka kg mdvula
b.ekaùug is;d.;a Tjqka
;sfokd ndia Wkakefyaf.a
m◊úvh Tyq f.a f.da ,hdg
fiñka mejiq fõ fufia h'
§wkak Thd,f.a f,dl=
ndiaWkakefya lshkjd tlmdru
welai,fr®grh *q,a md.df.k
úkdähla ú;r bka k ls h,¶
f.da ,hdo wK wl=rgu
ms <s meoa o w;r jevm, fojk;a lrñka fr® ia jk tka ‚u
ks id ta Wv Wka ndia Wka kefya f.a lE.eiS u ldgj;a weiq fka
ke;' l,n, jQ kjlhs ka ;s fokdo mekf.dia ieÛù we;'
wjidkfha fndkÜgq fõo T¨j yma mdf.k iq ≥ we∫u ms áka
uv f.dvg mek.;a ndia Wka kefya tys ,s ia idjeà ke.s g
.ka kg ne˙jQ ks id f.da ,hd fí¯ we;'
≥≥≥≥

4. 4 ˙hils
˙hils iÛrdfõ m<jQ mdGl ,s ms weiq ˙ka fuu ,s ms fm< ilia lrk ,°
w;a oelS ï ;= ,s ka
wOHhkhla
wm ldhH_ d,fha ;s yla muK tla j fm!oa .,s l nia
r:hls ka ls ;=,a ., .s fha .fÛa kEugh' ug fyïì˙ia idj
ye° ;s nq kq ks id ñ;=rka kdf.k tkf;la nia r:fha ;s nQ
we∫ï me<∫ï iy nvq ndys rd†h /l .ekq fï ldr® hh ud
yg Ndr úh' nia r:fha ˙h≥re m% ika k fuka u jeo.;a
fmkq uls ka hq ;a mq oa .,fhl= jq neúka uu Tyq iu. l:djg
jegq fka mdΩ lemS ug;a tla lh'
wms fofokdu ls ;=,a ., fmfofia ;o fld<mdg .ia
fld<ka " ,ia ik .Û jeks lreKq ud;Dldjg .;a f;a l:djg
hula fkdjQ ks idfjks ' ta ms <s n|j ;u woyia ola jñka wm
˙h≥re ls hd is áfha fldhs ;rï i,a ,s ;s nq k;a fï jf.a
,ia ikla ijq †h jf.a rgj, keyfka ' wfma whg fïjdfha a
ls
is w.hla key' fï wdldrhg ijq †fha úia ;r /ila Tyq
úis ka mjik ,°'
Thd ipq †fha fldhs ;rï ld,hla ys áho@
udi tlyudrhs '
wehs ta ;rï wvq ld,hla @ udf.a ta mekhg ,enq kq
ms <s ;=r wm rfÜ r: jdyk fCI a ;% fha is ák by<
ks <Od¯ka yg iy tu W.;=ka yg b;d jeo.;a jkq we;'
tfuka u ueo fmr†. /ls hd i|yd hk yefuda gu;a th
jeo.;a jkq we;'
udf.a ˙h≥re ñ;% hd ijq † wrdìfha .Dyia : ˙h≥rl=
f,i f.dia we;a f;a úYd, uq o,la jeh lrñks ' iq fLda mfNda .S
jdyk ls ys mhla u tu wrdì ks jfia ;s nq kq w;r Tyq f.a
ia jdñhd lvidma mq fuka u fj<| jHdmdr ls ys mhla u ys ñ
rcfha o Wiia ks <Od˙fhla úh' fï ks idu ijq †fha v% hs úka
,hs ika tlo Tyq
g i;s hla we;=,; ,eî we;' ;j;a †k
ls ys mhls ka fuu ˙h≥re ñ;=rd tys ˙h≥re rgdj iy kS ;s
¯;s is h,a , fyd¢ka jgydf.k we;'
ldmÜ l, iq ms ˙ udr® .j, ks jfia jQ ur® is ãia BMW
jeks Wiia fuda gr® r: meoùug ,eîfuka fuu ˙h≥re uy;a
wdia jdohla ,en we;' tfy;a fõ. iS udjka iy ;ks j r:hla
meoùug wjia :djla ;ju;a fkd,o ks id fudyq g ys f;a
yeáhg tu r: Wm¯u fõ.fhka meoùug wjia :dj ,eî
ke;' tfy;a tla †kla ijil tu wjia :dj Tyq g wyïfnka
,enq fka ;u ia jdñhd wi,a jeis rglg hdug .=jk a
f;dgq fmd,g wer,d wdmiq tk .ufka °h' tys ° ;u ur® is ãia
r:fha fõ.h mehg ls 'ñgr 190 l muK fõ.hg .;a w;r
th Tyq f.a „ú;fha uq ,a jrg meojq by<u fõ. iS udj úh'
fuf,i ;uka g kq yq re by< fõ.fhka r:h mojd
we;a f;a uola ll=,a folo fjõ,ñks ' ta iu.u yria
mdrl
ska r:hla m% Odk mdrg fhduq ls ¯ug W;a idy lrkq ±l
fudyq l,n, ù we;' fudyq úis ka lr we;a f;a ,xldfõ
mq reoa og nhgu fyâ ,hs Ü o,a jd udr® .h bv ,nd.ekq ug
W;a idy .ekq uhs ' fï jkúg;a w;=re mdfrka meñ◊ r:h
k;r lr Tyq g bv° ;s nq ko fyâ ,hs Ü ix«j;a a iu.u
kej;;a tljr udr® .hg we;=,a lr we;' ls is ;a lr
ls hd.; fkdyels j l,n, jq wm ˙h≥re úis ka lr we;a f;a
b†˙ r:h yd .efgka kg Tka k fuka k ;s ìh° weia fol
ms hd .ekS u muKh'
wmf.a ˙h≥re ñ;% hdg is ys h weú;a we;a f;a wdfrda .H
Yd,dfõ°h' .egq u;a iu. r:fha thdr® nE.a ls % hd;a ulj
Tyq f.a ys i ta ;=, .s ¨Kq wdldrh;a Tyq g hdï;ug u;lh'
tu wdrCIs ; l% u j,g ms ka is ≥ jka kg r:h l=vq jq k;a Tyq g
is ≥j we;a f;a iS
reï ;=jd, mu◊' wdfrda .H Yd,dfjka fmd,s ia
l+ vq jg .s h;a ;u ia jdñhdf.a lreKdjka ; lu ks id f.úh
hq ;= ovuq o,a wd†h f.jd Tyq ks oyia lr .ekq ko ta jd l=uk
wdldrhg is ≥jq ks ±hs Tyq oka fka o ke;' udi ;=kl mähl=;a
.=jka álÜ m;l=;a iu. Tyq .=jka f;dgq m,g f.kú;a
wer,k ,oa foa ;u ia jdñhdf.a u fjk;a wdh;khl is á
YS % ,dxls l ˙h≥frls ' Tyq fudyq f.ka wk;=r .ek lreKq
úuid is ≥j we;a f;a l=ula ±hs mjid we;'
Th fyâ ,hs Ü m;a ;= lr,d fok is .a k,a tl iq oa ∞
yo,d ;s fhka fka mdr mks k whghs " wks ;a jdyk j,ghs " uu
∞ka fka kE" Thd bv .ka k ls h, ls hka khs ' ta ;a wfma rfÜ
,hs ika .ka kfldgj;a " r:jdyk fmd,s is fhka j;a ;ju;a
ta l ñks
ia iq ka g ls h, °, ke;s ks id wfma ñks ia iq ,xldfõ
ta l mdúÉÑ lrka fka Tn ∞ka k tmd uu ∞kjd ls h, je/
† ú†hg ls hka khs ' Thd tod lr, ;s fhka fka thdg ∞ka k
tmd ls hka k jq k;a y˙ ú†hg ta l mdúÉÑ lrmq wks ;a flkd
ys ;, ;s fhka fka thdg bv .ka k ls h, ls õjd ls h,hs ' wfma
ks <Od¯ka f.a f.dka lka oka kjd kï fuydg ,xldfjka ls is u
˙h≥frla f.ka kd .ka k tlla key'
fï wdldrhg wfmka úfoa Y .; jq kq ˙h≥rka lS
fofkl=g m% Ya K we;s fjka kg we;s o@ wm rgg meñfKk
úfoa Ys lhs ka fndfyda úg Tjq ka u r: mojdf.k hk w;r
tys ° fuu jro ks id Tjq ka fudk ;rï .egΩ j,g m;a
fjkjd we;a o@ ta ;a wjq re≥ .dkla wfma ys ;a j,g ;†ka u
ld je° we;s fuu je/† ix« l% uh flfia
j;a bj;a l,
fkdyels jkq we;' ta ;a rg /ls hd i|yd hk wh muKla j;a
fï i|yd ±kq j;a lrka fka kï th b;d jeo.;a jkq we;'
✹✹✹✹✹
ys rdka foa jms % h - lvq fj,
fuda gr® ldr® ñl fCIa ;% hg wdor® Yhla .; yels
Tnf.a fujka w;a ±lS ï we;a kï wm fj; ,s hd
tjkak'

5. 5˙hils
˙hils iÛrdfõ m<jQ mdGl ,s ms weiq ˙ka fuu ,s ms fm< ilia lrk ,°
w;a oelS ï ;= ,s ka
wOHhkhla
jD;s fhka ˙h≥frl= jQ ud yg wud;HdxY f,a lï
jrfhl=f.a ks , r:hl ˙h≥frl= f,i /l s hdj lrka kg
wjia :dj ,enq fka wyïfnks ' ud yg fia jh lrka kg ,enq fka
tjlg meje;s kùk;u r:hlh' fi a jhg ne£ †k ;=k
y;rls ka u t;=udf.a ks jfia is á wfkl=;a fia jlhs ka iu.o b;d
l=Ωm. ùug ug wjia :dj ,enq kq w;r tys ° tu ys ;j;a
fia jlhs ka f.ka fuhg fmr is á ˙h≥re tljru wia ls ¯ug
fya ;=jo ±k .ekS ug yels úh'
;u ydïmq ;=g iy mjq ,g fld;rï ióm jq j;a fudyq f.a fia jh k;r lr we;a f;a meh úis y;rl ±kq ï °uls ks '
thg fya ;=j r:fha is .rÜ ,hs grh r;a lr vEIa fnda â tfla jï mi by<s ka mq Épd ;s îuh' fudyq ;u ñ;=rka r:fha f.k
hdfï° Tjq ka f.ka flfkla fuh lr we;s njg f,a lï ;=ud úis ka iel lr we;' wjjdo ls ¯fuka miq tf,i ls is fjla
r:fha f.k fkd.s h njg †jq rd ls
jq j;a "/ls hdj fírd fok f,ig l∫Ω mq rjd .;a fofk;s ka b,a ,d is áh;a iudjla
,eî ke;' ud yg /ls hdj ,eî we;a f;a bka miq jh' flfia fyda ud fia jhg meñfKk úg úYd, uq o,la jeh lr vEIa
fnda â tl udrelr ;s nq ks '
ud fia jhg ne£ i;s hls ka muK miq wΩ;a vEIa fnda â tfla o tf,iu t;eku ms ÉÖ ;s fnkq ±l uu fyd|gu
ìh ùñ' ud muKla u r:h meojq w;r fï jk úg is .rÜ ,hs grh bj;a lr ks ;ru thg iú lr ;s nq fka yEka â fmda ka
pdcrhls ' flfia fyda ud fj; jro t,a , fkdjq k;a fuh fidhd .ekS ug yefuda u W;a idy .ka kd ,†'
fojk jrg vEIa fnda â tl udre fkdl, w;r wfmda ia áka jev m,ls ka t;ekg meÉ tlla muKla fhdok
,°' †kla oyj,a 11 g muK uu r:h fj; tkúg f,dla lr ;s nQ r:fha wΩ;s ka meÉ tl fhdok ,o ia :dkfhka ≥ula
oukq ≥gq fjñ' uu ta .uka u f,a lï ;=ud yuq ù th mejiq fjñ' Tyq jyd t;ekg meñks w;r Tyq f.a wdrCIl ks ,Od˙hd
úi
ska fuhg fya ;=j fidhd .ka kd ,°'
fuu r:fha uq ,s ka b†˙ úka âia lS % ka tl jeiS ug r:h ;=,s ka wdjrKhla fhdod ;s î we;' th ú≥rejg iúlr
we;a f;a úks úo fmfkk ma ,dia ála ue‚la fnd;a ;ï j,s ks ' flfia fyda tu wdjrKh leã bj;a lr ;s nq ko tla ma ,dia ála
fnd;a ;ula ù≥refõ b;s ˙j ;s nq ks ' fuu úks úo fmfkk wjr® K ma ,dia ála fnd;a ;u m<s Û= ldphla fuka br t<s h vEIa
fnda â tfla tla ;eklg tla ls ¯fuka fuu ±ùu is ≥j we;' flfia fyda ñka lïmdjg m;a f,a lï ;=ud kej; mrK ˙h≥re
fia jhg le|jq w;r ud yg tu wud;HdxYfha u fjk;a r:hl /ls hdj ,enq ks '
wkq r úf–is ˙ - udjke,a ,
✹✹✹✹✹
uu tu fia jhg ne£ug fmr is á ˙h≥re b;d ms % hukdm mq oa .,fhl= jQ w;r Tyq g ñ;=rka o fndfyda úh' f,a lï
;=ud;a tu mjq f,a wh;a Tyq g i<ld we;a f;a fia jlfhl=g jvd mjq f,a u wfhl=g fuks ' thg jvd;a u fya ;= ù we;a f;a f,a lï
;=udf.a fojk mq ;=g fvx.= WK iE≥kq wjia :dfõ f,a †u;a Tyq ikS m jk ;=re we| <Ûgu ù is àu;a h' tfy;a Tyq
;u ñ;=rka fuu r:fha f.k hk njg wdrxÑ ,eî †k fol ;=kla u th fkdlrk f,ig wjjdo ,eî we;'

6. 6 ˙hils
˙hils iÛrdfõ m<jQ mdGl ,s ms weiq ˙ka fuu ,s ms fm< ilia lrk ,°
Wiia ùulg l, kùlrKfhka
f.or hka k jQ j.hs '''
ud fuys ola jk is ≥ùu ugu is ≥ jQjla fkdfõ' th
ud ijq † wrdìfha fia jh lrk ld,h ;=, ud fia jh l,
wdh;khg hdno wdh;khl i s ≥jQjls ' ˙hils 1 jk
l,dmfha fuu ;S rfhka b†˙m;a l, fida pkS h l:dj iu.u
fuh udyg u;la jQfha fuu is ≥ùï folu fndfyda ≥rg
iudk jQjla neúks ' tlu fjki fuh ydiH Wmojk l:djla
ùuhs ' ta iu.u wmf. a ldr® ñlhs ka yg fuka u r:
ys ñhka ygo th ;dCI◊l me;a f;a ka b;d jeo.;a jkq we;'
fuh is ≥jQfha 1981 jI_ fha ijq † wrdìfha vyrdka iy
w,a fldndr® hk k.r w;r udr® .fha rdld kï m% foa Yfha
ms ys á fgdfhda gd ta cka is iud.u ;=<°h' tys YS % ,dxlS l
ls is fjl=;a fia jh fkdl, w;r ms ,s mhs ka " bka †hka iy
mls ia :dka hk rgj,s ka meñ◊ fia jlhs ka tys fia jh l,y'
Tjq ka fndfyduhla wmf.a ñ;=rka
jQfha tu iud.u wi,s ka
wms ks ;ru fjr<g hka kg tka kg mq re≥j is á neúks ' fuu
wdh;kh ud yg ls is †fkl wu;l fkdjka fka f,da l
fndla is ka iQr fudyuâ w,S ±l n,d .ekS ug tys ° wmg
wjia :dj ,enq kq neúks ' uka o is hΩ wxf.da mdx. iys ; fuu
wdh;kh újD; ls ¯u is ≥ jQfha Tyq w;s ka neúks '
fuu wdh;k m% Odks hd ijq † cd;s lfhl= jQ w;r Tyq
Ndú;d lf,a Tfgda ueála Buick r:hls ' th wfu˙ldfõ
ks Ia md†; b;d iem myiq r:hls ' is ,s ka vr 8 ls ka hq ;a fuh
b;d by< n,hls ka hq ;= jq jls ' †kla fuu r:fha ia gdgr®
fuda grh wlS % h ù th Tyq f.a ks jfia is g weof.k weú;a
fuu lu_ dka ; Yd,dfõ°u wΩ;a jeähdjg .ka kd ,°' tys
md,l ms,smhska
cd;sl f*dauka jrhd úiska fuu wΩ;ajeähdj
wΩ;s ka u fia jhg meñ◊ bka †hdkq cd;s l ú≥,s ldr® ñlfhl=
yg mjrk ,°'
Tfgda ueála r: j, uekq j,a .s hr r:j,† fuka
ia gdgr® fuda gr fid,fkdhs â jhrh fl,s ka u b.a ks Ika
ia úpfha is g fuda grhg iïnka o jka fka ke;' .s hr j,°
fuda grh ls % hdlrùu je<ela ùug .s hr ia úph yryd
fuda grhg fid,fkdhs â Odrdj iemhS u fuys ° is ≥jk w;r
ta wkq j r:h .s hr j, ;s ìh° mk.eka ùu l, fkdyels
fjhs ' tfia lr we;a f;a Tfgda .s hr l% ufha ° .s hrhla
iïnka O jq jo r:h b†˙hg hka fka wela i,fr® grh ;ol,
úg muKla neúks ' idudkH Tfgda .s hr r:j, fuf,i
.s hrhl° wela i,fr®
grh ks oyia l, úg r:h fiñka
b†˙hg hdug W;a idy .;a ;;a wfu˙lka ;dCIKhg
ks mojk ,o Tfgda .s hr l% ufha ° wela i,fr® grh ;o lrk
f;la Odjkhg iq Ω jYfhka j;a W;a idyhla we;s fkdùu
fuys we;s ;j;a úfYa I;a jhls '
uu i|yka l, md,ljrhdf.a ìhq la r:fha o foda Ih
;s î we;a f;a fuu .s hr is f,la gr ia úpfha h' ta ms <s n|j
wjfnda Ohla fkdue;s fuu kjl ldr® ñlhd idudkH fuda gr®
r:hl m¯CId lrk wdldrhgu neg˙fhka jhrhla f.k
ia gdgr® fuda grfha fid,fkdhs â w.% hg iïnka O l< úg
fuda grh fyd¢ka ls % hdlr we;' Tfgda .s hr ms <s n|j ls is
wjfnda Ohla fkd;s nQ fuu bka †hdkq ldr® ñlhd úis ka lr
we;a f;a b.a ks Ika ia úpfha is g ia gdgr® fuda gr fid,fkdhs
â
w.% hg wΩ;s ka jhrhla fhdod r:h mk .ek a ùug
ieleiS uhs ' Tyq f.a fuu kùlrKfhka miq wdh;kfha
f*da uka jrhdo r:h m˙CId lr fgia Ü rka tlla o f.dia
th md,ljrhdg f.khdug wdh;kfh a fIda rEï tl
b†˙ms g k;r lr lEug f.dia we;' fuda grh mukla
ls % hdlrkjdo hka k m¯CIdl, fudyq .s hr j, mk.ekA ùu
ms ,s n|j fidhd n,d ke;' uka o fujeks wkq jk kùlrKhla
Tyq tu ldr® ñlhdf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a ;= fkdjQ neúks '
fï w;r ldr® hd,fha jev wjika lr †jd fNda ckh
i|yd ;u ks jig hdug meñ◊ ijq † cd;s l md,ljrhd
r:hg ke. th mk.ka jd we;' tka ‚u mk.eka jq k;a fuys °
.s hr ,S jr ;s î we;a f;a R wjia :dfõh' tkï ˙jia
.s hrfha h' wõfõ kj;a jd ;s nQ r:h we;=<; fyd|gu r;a j
we;s fyhs ka a th uola is is ,a lr.ekS ug Tyq úis ka jdhq
iólrKh ls % hdlrjd tka ‚u fr® ia lr we;' is ≥jka
kg
we;a f;a l=ula oehs Tng is ;d.; yel' tljr miq mig
fõ.fhka we° .s h r:h fIda rEï tfla ù≥reo lvdf.k
f.dia tys ;=< m% oY_ khg ;nd ;s nQ fgdfhda gd fuda gr® r:
folla o l=vq mÜgï lr fïi mq gq o fmr,df.k k;rj we;'
wdrxÑh ,enq kq miq wmf.a o úfõl ld,h neúka wms f.dia
is ≥j we;s úkdYh ±l .;s uq '
fuu is ≥ùu we;s fjk úg †jd wdydr ld,h neúka
jdikdjlg we;=f,a fia jlhka bj;a j f.dia ;s nq ks ' fuys
lK.dgq odhl is ≥ùu jq fha wk;=rg fya ;=j wkdjrKh jQ
miq fuu wkq jk kùlrKh k s u_ dKh l< bka †hdkq
ldr® ñlhd iu. tys fgia Ü rka tl l, ms ,s mS k cd;s l
f*da uka jrhdg;a meh 24 la we;=<; rfgka ms gjka kg
is≥ùuhs'
ks u,a úf–fia lr-kdrïu,

7. 7˙hils
˙hils iÛrdfõ m<jQ mdGl ,s ms weiq ˙ka fuu ,s ms fm< ilia lrk ,°
±kg jir 11 lg muK fmr tla ;rd m% is oa O fuda gr®
r: fia jd wdh;khl wdOq ks lfhl= f,i ud mq yq Kq j ,enQ
w;r tys ° udyg fia jh ls ¯ug is ≥ jQfha b;d oCI ndia
Wka kefya flfkl= iu.h' w. kq jr ms ys á fuu wdh;kh
fuka u fuu oCI ndia Wka kefya f.a o ku fuys ° i|yka l<
fkdyels neúka wms Tyq ú,a nÜ whs hd kñka y∫ka juq ' uka o
Tyq m% is oa Oj is áfha o Tyq f.a flá ku w.g whs hd hk
f.!rj fldgi tla lr neúks '
ud mq yq Kq jQ fuu wdh;kh u.s ka wdkhkh lrk ,o
fuda gr® r:j, wu;r fldgia muKla fkdj wdh;kfha
fia jd .dia ;=o fnfyúka wêl úh' fï ks id fndfyda úg r:
ys ñhka mq re≥j is áfha o wdh;kfhka wu;r fldgia ñ,g
f.k ldr® ñl uyf;l= f.org f.ka jd .ekS uh' fuh b;d
m% fõYfuka l< hq ;=j ;s nq fka th kS ;s úfrda ê ldhH_ hla
j k
w;ru tf,i ms g jevla lr yiq jq jfyd;a iud.u u.s ka
fia jh mjd w;a ys gq jk ks idfjks ' tfy;a fï ieu
fofkl=f.a u weia jid ms g jev fidhd .ekq ug;a ta jdhs ka
wd∞hu fidhka kg;a ú,a nÜ whs hdg ;s nq fka yels hdj
fldf;la o h;a ;u i.hs ka yg;a jev fidhd °u is ≥ jQfha
Tyq w;s ks ' tfy;a ta iEu jevlu wd∞hfuka hï fldgila
ú,a nÜ whs hdg ,eìh hq ;= úh'
†kla tla ks ;S { uyf;l= jevm, ;=, fydr .,a
wyq ,ñka is á w;r ta md,lhs ka g fydfrka ú,a nÜ whs hdj
lka gela Ü lr.ka kg nj wms ±k is áfhuq ' md,lhs ka f.a
weia jid fldka ;% d;a ;=j ndr .ekq kq w;r t†k yji Tyq f.a
ks jfia ° tu wΩ;a jeähdj ls ¯ug fhdod .ekq ks ' tfy;a
t†ku ú,a nÜ whs
hdg fjk;a jevla fh° ;s nq kq w;r Tyq
fuu fldka ;% d;a ;=j f.k ;s nq fka Tyq f.a i.fhl= thg
heùug;a tys fldñIka tl ,nd .ekq ug;a h'
by; fldka ;% d;a ;=j ,nd.;a miq ú,a nÜ whs hd uy;a
wmyiq jlg m;a jQfha tu fcdí tl ls is fjl=;a úis ka Ndr
fkd.;a neúks ' thg fya ;=j jQfha r: ys ñhd uy;a lmáfhl=
fuka u f,da Nfhl= nj yefuda u ±k is àu;a fuhg fmr
Tyq f.a fia jdj,g .s h ldr® ñlhs ka yg fmdfrdka ≥ uq o,
fkdf.ùu;a ks idh' ta ieugu jvd fuu ldr® hhg ls is fjla
leue;s fkdjQfõ" Tyq ldr® ñlhs ka yg ks ;ru f,v ±óug
mq re≥j is á wdh;kfha lr® udka ; Yd,d m˙md,l f.a fyd|
ñ;=frl= ùuh'
fuu .egΩjg ms <s hula fidhd .ekS ug wmyiq jQ
ú,a nÜ whs hd ta i|yd lrkq ,enq fõ ;uka l,s ka
fmdfrdka ≥
jQ fcdí tl fjk flfkl=g mjrd Tyq u fuu fcdí tlg
ms g;a j hduh' tfy;a Tyq f.a iyhg hdugj;a ls is fjla
leue;s fkdùh' flfia fyda wΩ;a jeähdj wjika lr Tyq
miq od jevg meñks h;a Tyq f.a uq yq fKa jQ m% ika k Ndjh
iïmQr® Kfhka u bj;a j ;s nq ks ' ojiu is áfha o l,a mkd
lrñks ' fuh wm ldg;a .egΩjla úh' flfia fyda yji
f;a fõ,dfõ† fuhg fya ;=j wmg ±k .ekS ug yels jQ w;r
ths ka ms g jev lrk yefuda u hï muKlg ;e;s .;a nj
fmkS hk ,†' tys ° is ≥j we;a f;a fkdis ;+ fohls '
t†k ú,a nÜ whs hdg tka ‚fï gemÜ tcia ls ¯ug
tka ‚u lrljd .ekq ug Woõ ldrfhl= fkdjQ w;r l% Eka la
mq ,s hg fndla ia mS ia tlla fhdod tka ‚u lerlùug ls ys m
jrla u hg ˙x.ka kg is ≥j we;' flfia fyda is hΩ jev
wjika
j r: ys ñhdgu tka ‚u mk.eka ùug mjid we;'
tka ‚u mk.eka ùug fuda grh ls % hd;a ul ls ¯u;a iu.u
glia hkq fjka uy;a y~la ks l=;a j we;;a tka ‚u mk .ekA ú
we;' y~;a iu. ú,a nÜ whs hd;a ;e;s .eka ù we;s kuq ;a
th fldfyka meñks fha oehs is ;d .ekS ug fkdyels j we;'
tka ‚fï ls is foda Ihla fkdjQ neúka th wu;l lr ;udf.a
uq o,o ,ndf.k wdmiq ta ug ;u wdjq o ms i ouñka nE.hg
ouk úg Tyq g is ≥jQ foh fmkS f.dia we;' tkï tla f,dl=
fndla ia mS ia tlla ms i ±ófï° th ;=, hula is rj we;s
nj ±ks we;' wi, ,hs Ü t<s hg fhduq lrk úg tyq ±l
we;a f;a tka ‚fï l% Eka la kÜ tfla TΩj leã fndla ia mS ia
tfla is rj we;s njh' fndla ia mS ia tl fhdod tka ‚u
lerlùfuka
miq j th ye~,h iu. bj;g fkdf.k
fuda grh ls % hdlrùfuka fuu úkdYh is ≥j we;'
fï w;r †k fol ;=klg miq j ud iu. r:hl jev
lrñka is á ú,a nÜ whs hd tljru l,n, ù Tyq jevg wdfõ
ke;s nj mjika kg ls hd fgdhs ,Ü tl me;a ;g bla uka
.uks ka udre úh' fya ;=j l=ula oehs jg ms g n,k úg wmf.a
lr® udka ; Yd,d m˙md,l;a iu.u l:d lrñka is á kS ;S {
r: ys ñhd ±l.; yels úh' ta jk úg;a Tyq f.a r:h
we;=,g f.k ú;a tys fmg% ,a *s ,a grh udre ls ¯ug ;j;a
ldr® ñlfhl=g mej¯ ;s nq ks ' ú,a nÜ whs hd fkdmeñks ks id
fuf,i r:h jevm,gu f.k t a ug Tyq g is ≥ù we;'
wfkl=;a wh fuka u ud;a fydr.,a wyq ,ñka fndkÜ tl
wer ;s nq r:fha tka ‚ug ls Ügq ù l% Eka la mq ,s h foi ne,s ñ'
l% Eka la kÜ tl ke;s j ls % hdlrñka ;s nQ tka ‚u ugo ±l.;
yels úh' uu ú,a nÜ whs
hd fidhd f.dia ;;a jh Tyq g
mejiq fjñ' flfia fyda jir follg muK miq ;a tu tka ‚u
ta wdldrfhka u ls % hdlrkq uu ≥gq fjñ'
❋❋❋❋❋
úu,a kdkdhla ldr - fyda ud.u
w;a oelS ï ;= ,s ka
wOHhkhla

8. 8 ˙hils
˙hils iÛrdfõ m<jQ mdGl ,s ms weiq ˙ka fuu ,s ms fm< ilia lrk ,°
fujr ˙hils l,dmfha is g l,dm ls ys mhlu
w;a oelS ï ;=,s ka wOHhkhl a hk ;S rej ±kg úfoa Y
iud.ul /ls hdjl ks hq ;= tfy;a wmf.a u idud‚lfhl=
fuka u wmg kj ;dCI◊l f;dr;=re fhdu q lrk
uy;a ufhl= f.a w;a ±lS ï i|yd fjka flfrkq we;'
we;a ;jYfhka u Tyq wm fj; fhduq lr we;a f;a Tyq f.a
w;a ±lS ï fkdj Tyq yd fia jfha ks hq ;= ;j;a ,dxls lfhl=f.a
„ú; l:dfjka fldgia ls ys mhls ' fuu l:d fm< ,s hd tjQ
;ek;a ;d ;ju;a úfoa Y .;j is ák kuq ;a Tyq ,s ùug
ud;Dldj lr.;a ;eke;a ;d tu wdh;kfha fia jh lr
we;a f;a 1987 is g 1991 ola jd jQ jir y;rl muK
ld,hls ' ±ka Tyq YS % ,xldfõ fjfik w;r tl a ;rd
fya ;=jla u; fï fofokdf.a u kï .ï jika ls ¯ug is ≥j
we;' tfy;a fuu l:djka b†˙m;a ls ¯ug fudjq ka
ye¢ka ùug wka jr® : kï fhdod .; hq ;= fõ' wmg fuh
,s hd tjk ;eke;a ;d ks u,a f,io ks u,a fuu l:dj
mjika fka ir;a
.ek f,io fuys ° is ;d .ks uq '
ks u,a g u;l yeáhg ir;a ;uka a is á ueofmr
†. rgg meñK we;a f;a 1987 muK jifr® °h' Tyq
thdr® fmda r® Ü tfla is g le|jdf.k ta ugo ks u,a f.dia we;'
thdr® fmda r® Ü tfla is g kjd;ekg tk w;r;=r ir;a g ;u
kj fia jd wdh;kfha úia ;r ks u,a f.ka ,nd.; yels jQ
w;r ks u,a go ir;a .ek úia ;r /ila ±k.; yels úh'
flfia fyda ks u,a muKla fkdj Tjq kf.a fia jd ia :dkfha
is á b;s ˙ YS % ,dxls l 11 fokdo ir;a .ek úia ;r
±k.ekq ug úuis ,s u;a j is g we;a f;a fjk ls is jla ks id
fkdj Tyq jev lrefjla o keoa o hka k ±k .ekq ugh' uka o
fuu wdh;kfha jeä ms ˙ila bka °h iy mls ia :dka
cd;s lhs ka jQ w;r YS % ,dxlS lhs ka
o tla jQ úg fuu cd;s ka
w;r Wäka iq yo;djh fmka kq ï l,o háka uy;a ;rZ Ûhla
mej;s neúks ' ;u wΩ;a idud‚lhd jev ldrfhla jq jfyd;a
ths ka ;u lxvdhug ,l+ Kq tl;=jkjd fia u Tyq ≥j_ ,fhl=
jq jfyd;a is ≥ jka fka tys wfk;a me;a ; nj fudjq ka ±k
is áho ;u wΩ;a idud‚lhd meñK udi folla j;a hdug
fmr tys úYd, fmr<s hla is ≥j we;' tkï ixlS r® K fuda gr®
r: j._ ls ys mhla u wdkhkh lrk tu úYd, wdh;khg
bka miq YS % ,dxlS l ldr® ñlhs ka muKla f.ka jd .ekS uhs ' tu
;;a jhg ;=vq ≥ka is ≥úï /ila u ks u,a wm fj; tjd we;s
w;r bka ls ys mhla muKla l,dm ls ys mhls ka fuu
w;s fr® lh hgf;a b†˙m;a flfrkq q we;'
fuys wms ir;a hkq fjka
kï l, ;eke;a ;d
fuda gr® r: fCIa ;% fha iEu ;k;=rlu fia jh lr ;s nQ w;r
fuh Tyq f.a uq ,a u úfoa Y /ls hdj fkdùh' flfia fyda fudyq
fuu wdh;khg f.dia we;af;a ú≥,s ldr®ñlfhl= yeáhgh'
,xldfõ m% Odk fmf<a fuda gr® r: wdkhk iud.ul f*da uka
jrfhl= fuka u wxY m% Odks fhl=o f,io fia jh lr is g tys
jQ tla lK.dgq odhl is ≥ùula ks id tljru fuu /ls hdjg
f.dia we;' tys f.dia uq ,a †ku is ≥ jQ is ≥ùuls ka wms fuu
l:d fm< wdrïN lruq '
ixlS r® K r: wdkhk lrk fuu iud.ug uq ,s ka u
meñfKk ´kEu wfhl= uq ,a jrg tys fia jh lrk
ldr® ñlfhl= hgf;a wvq ;rñka udi folla j;a fia jh lr
mq yq Kq úh hq ; úh' ta wkq j lu_ dka ; Yd,d m% Odks
hd jQ cr® uka
cd;s lhd úis ka fuu ir;a f.k f.dia Ndr° we;a f;a b;d
oCI ú≥,s ldr® ñlfhla fuka u tys tu ú≥,s wxYh Ndrj
is á bka a †hka ldr® ñlfhl= fj;h' ir;a .ek ls is ;elS ula
fkdl, Tyq uq ,s ka u ir;a g mjrd we;s fcdí tl ù we;a f;a
tu †kj, we;s jQ ;o jeia i ks id j;=rg hg jQ r:hl
we;=,; uv ms yod ms ˙is ≥ ls ¯ugh' fuu wdh;kfha n,h
w,a ,d is á iEu bka †hka ldr® ñlfhl=u YS % ,dxls lfhl=
meñ◊ úg uq ,s ka u fujeks my;a u jevla mej¯u is ˙;la
úh' tfy;a ir;a ,xldfõ is á ;;a jh;a " Tyq f.a ±kq u;a ±k
is á wfkl=;a YS % ,dxlS l ldr® ñlhs ka yg fuh uy; a
lK.dgq jg fya ;=jla jq kuq ;a Tjq kg ta .ek ls is jla l<
fkdyels ù we;' ir;a f.a is ; iekiS
ug Tjq ka Tyq <Ûg
meñK fuu ;;a jh mjid we;;a ir;a is kdfiñka ta ls is jla
.kka f.k fkdue;' flfia kuq ;a fï ms <s n|j tys is á YS %
,dxls lhs ka cr® uka cd;s l ks <Od˙hdg ir;a ms <s n|j lreKq
mjid tfia fkdlrk f,i b,a ,d is á w;r bka miq Tyq
m¯CId i|yd ;ks j ls ¯ug tla r:hl fcdí ldâ tlla
,nd° we;'
;uka a fj; mejreKq jev is h,a , b;d wvq
ld,hls ka bgq ls ¯ug ir;a iu;a ùu;a iu. ldf.a ;a
wjOdkh Tyq fj; fhduq j we;' ta iu.u bka †hka
ldr® ñlhs ka muKla fkdj cr® uka bx‚fka re jrhdo ;e;s
.eka ullg ,la j we;a f;a ir;a úis ka b,a ,d is á tu
ixlS r® K r:j, wΩ;a jeähdjka i|yd wjYH fia jd o;a ;
we;=,;a fmd;a m;a
" ia fmI,a gQ,a ia wd†h ms ,s fh, lr
fkd;s ìu fya ;=fjks ' uka o tu fia jdj cr® uka bx‚fka re
jrhdf.a j.lS ula jQ w;r ta jd lrk ks is ms <s fj, Tyq
fkd±k is á neúks '
fuu uq ,a †kfha u iji is ≥jQ is ≥ ùuls ka ir;a g
;ks j fia jdjka lrf.k hdug wjirh °ug is ≥j we;' tys
is á mls ia ;dka ks <Od˙fhla ir;a yuq ù Tyq jevl, tla
r:hl fr® äfhda leiÜ hka ;% h b,a ,d we;' fuu r:j,
fr® äfhda leiÜ hka ;% j, wΩ;a jeähdjla jev mf;a i|yka j
we;a kï ldr® ñlhd úis ka th .,jd wΩ;a jeähdj i|yd ms g
heùug Ndr†h hq ;= jQ kuq ;a ta nj fkd±k is á ir;a úis ka
th wΩ;ajeähd lr kej; iúlr we;' bkamiq wΩ;a
jeähdj
i|yd heùug .,jd ;s nQ leiÜ hka a ;% folla Tyq g ° we;s
w;r ta jdo Tyq wΩ;a jeähdlr † we;' m<uq ojfika u
wdh;kfha m% Odks ka f.a m% idohg ,la jQ fudyq fojk †kfha
l< tla kùlrKhla cr® uks fha r: ks Ia mdok iud.u fj;
hejq kq w;r th Tjq ka f.a wfkla r:j,go wdfoa Y ù we;'
,nk l,dmfha ° ta ms <s n|j ±k .ks uq '
◊◊◊◊
w;a oelS ï ;= ,s ka
wOHhkhla

9. 9˙hils
˙hils iÛrdfõ m<jQ mdGl ,s ms weiq ˙ka fuu ,s ms fm< ilia lrk ,°
úfoa Yh rgl is g wmf.a u mdGl uy;a ufhl=
ks u,a hk wka jr® : kduhls ka wm fj; fhduq l, ,s ms fmf,a
fojk ,s ms h fuhhs ' Tyq yd fia jh l< ir;a ^tho wka jr® :
kduhls & tu wdh;kfha fia jhg meñ◊ wdldrh iy Tyq f.a
uq ,a fia jd †kfha °u is ≥jQ is ≥ùï .s hjr l<dmfha fuu
;S rfhka úia ;r úh' ixlS r® K fuda gr® r: j._ ls ys mhlu
ks fhda ‚;hs ka jQ tu idud.fï tf;la meje;s ms <s hï
fidhd.; fkdyels jQ ;dCIK .egΩ fuu ir;a w;s ka
tls fkl bgq jQfha YS % S % ,dxlS l ldr® ñlhs ka yg uy;a
f.!rjhla ,efnk wdldrfhks ' ta iu.u Tyq f.a we;eï
kùlrK tu ks Ia mdok iud.ï fj;o fhduq flreKq w;r
bka miq ta jd ks Ia mdokfha °u tu fuda gr® r:j, fhdod
.eKq kq wjia :do úh' Tyq f.a
uq ,a u kùlrKh tu fuda gr®
r: ks Ia mdok iud.ula úis ka Wmq gd .;a wdldrh wo ,s ms hg
we;=,;a flfr® '
fuda gr® r: kùlrK lr b;d by< ñ, .Kkk a
j,g wf,ú lrk iud.ï ls ys mhla u cr® uks fha jQ w;r
ta tla iud.uls ka ks r® udKh l, r: jr® .hla fuu rfÜo
rc ;=udg fuka u Tyq f.a wud;H jreka ls ys m fofkl=ug
wf,ú lr ;s nq ks ' fuda gr® r:h folg lmd ue†ka fldgila
noa O lr nia r:hla fuka †.g ks mojq kq fuu fuda gr®
r:j, we;=,;o l=vd ud<s .djlg iul, yels úh' fujeks
kùlrK l< r: jr® . ls ys mhlu ks fhda ‚; iud.u jQfha
ir;a fia jh l, fuu iud.uhs ' tfy;a ta tla r: jr® .hl
fhdod .;a YS ;lrK j, we;s jQ foda Ihla fuu wf,ú
ks fhda ‚; iud.ug muKl a fkdj ks Ia mdok iud.fï
bx‚fka re jreka ygo uy;a ys irohla úh' tu foda
Ih kï
r:h Odjkfha ° b;d fyd¢ka Ys ;lrKh ls % hdl, kuq ;a
r:h k;r lr YS ;lrKh úika ê l, miq tys ;=, jQ
is is ,i úkdä ls ys mhls ka bj;a j hduhs ' fuh je<ela ùug
ks Ia mdok cr® uka iud.u kùlrK /il a l< kuq ;a ta
ls is jla tf;la idr® :l ù fkd;s nq ks '
ir;a meñks †k is g l< idr® :l fia jdjka iy
Tyq f.a yels hdjka ms <s n|j fï jk úg iud.fï wOHCI
jrhd fj;o jdr® :d ù ;s nq kq w;r fuu foda Ihg ms <s hula
fiùugo Tyq g mjrK f,i fï w;r ks fhda .hla ,enq ks '
fï jkúg fuu kúlrK fuda gr® r: i|yd jq wxYhg YS %
,dxlS l ldr® ñlhs ka ls is fjl=;a we;=,;a fkdjQ w;r tys
fia jh l< wfkl=;a rgj, ldr® ñlhs ka is áfha o W≥ïud.;a
ys ia j,s ka hq
;=jh' flfia fyda t†k Wfoa oyhg muK fuu
ldhH_ h ir;a fj; iud.fï cr® uka cd;s l ir® úia uefka cr®
úis ka mjrK ,°'
fuu iud.fï oyj,a lEu i|yd meh ;=kl
ld,hla ,enq kq w;r lEug hk úg;a ir;a g fï i|yd
ms <s hula fhdod .ekq ug wmyiq úh' tfy;a iji kej;
fia jhg meñ”fï† tys foda Ih ;uka fidhd.;a nj;a iq Ω
kùlrKhls ka th ielis h yels nj;a is h ñ;=rka fï .ek
úuiS fï° mjik ,°' tjf.a u ±kg fuu r:j,s ka j˙ka
jr kùlrKhka i|yd udrelr we;s YS ;lrK is h,a ,
kej; Ndú;dl, yels nj;a Tyq úis ka mjik ,°' ta flfia
fj;;a fuy° Tyq mjik ≤ ms <s n|j Tyq f.a ñ;=rka yg
úYa jdYhla ;eîu wmyiq jQfha tjka iq Ω kùlrKhls ka
fuh l, yels kï fï i|yd fuf;la fhduq jq kq cr® uka
iud.ug th l, fkdyels jQfha uka o hk .egΩj u;= jQ
neúks'
flfi
a fyda kej; fia jhg .s h miq meh nd.hl
muK ld,hla ;=, tla r:hl YS ;lrKh ir;a úis ka ilid
ls % hd;a ulj ;enQ w;r bka miq th ;=, is is ,a îu fnda ;,
ls ys mhla ;eka m;a lr ;nk ,°' iji fia jh wjika lr
ta fï° tu r:h k;r lr tys h;=r ir® úia uefka cr® ,Ûu
;nd .ekq fka tys jQ we;eï fia jlhs ka ir;a f.a fï
yels hdjka kq reia ik nj o;a fyhs ks ' miq ∞ Wfoa fia jhg
meñ◊ miq yefuda f.a u wjOdkh mej;=fka Ys ;lrKfha
foda Ihg fh¥ ms <s hu ms <s n|jh' fia jh wdrïNlr meh
nd.hlg muK miq cr® uka cd;s l fia jd bx‚fka re jrhd
úis ka r:h újD; lr th ;=, jQ Ys ;lrKh újD; lrk
,°' fnd;,a ta wdldrfhka u is is ,a j meje;s w;r th jdr® ;d
ls ¯ug Tyq iud.fï wOHCI jrhd fj; .s fha tu is is ,a
fnda
;,hla o w;e;s jh'
by; úia ;r l, idr® :l wΩ;a jeähdfjka miq
ldf.a ;a wjOdkh fhduq jq fka tys ;s nQ f∞a Ih l=ula o hka k
±k.eks ugh' ;uka f.a ±kq u ls is u .=reuq Ia áhls ka f;drj
wkq ka g ,nd°u tla m% ;s m;a ;s hla lr.;a tfuka u ´kEu
ixlS r® K is oa Odka ;hla ir, f,i jgyd†fï yel s hdjo
fkdwvq j ;s nQ ir;a úis ka uq ,s ka u th úia ;r lr ≥ka fka tu
wxYfha m% Odks hd we;=Ω bka †hdkq ldr® ñlhs ka ygh' fï ks id
Tjq ka f.a f.!jrho bka miq ir;a fj; fkdwvq j fhduq jq ks '
ó<Ûg ir;a fj; meñks ir® úia uefka cr® f,i
ls % hdl, cr® uka bx‚fka re jrhd úis ka tys l, fjkia lu
m˙m: igykla
f,i ilia lr fok f,i b,a ,d is ák ,†'
t†k †jd úfõlh ;=, th bgq lr ir;a úis ka Tyq fj;
imhk ,°' th bka miq cr® uks fha ks Ia mdok iud.u fj;
fhduq úh' bka udihlg muk miq ;j;a tjeks u r: folla
wf,úh i|yd wdkhkh flrekq w;r ta jd ks r® udKh lr
;s nq fka ir;a úis ka lrk ,o ks r® udKh iys ;jh'
by; foda Ih fidhd .ekq u i|yd ir;a ta .ek
is ;+ wdldrh;a ta tys jQ foda Ihg fh¥ ms <s hu;a fuys °
ks r® udKd;a ulj is ;ka kg mq re≥ jk ldr® ñlhs ka yg b;d
jeo.;a fjhs ' fï ks id ta weiq ˙ka ilia l, ;dCIK ,s ms hla
tu m˙m: igyka o we;=,;a lr ó<Û l,dmfha w;a ±lS ï
;=,s ka wOHhkhla hk ;S rh Tia fia b†˙m;a flfrkq we;'
w;a oelS ï ;= ,s ka
wOHhkhla
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