RIZALS-EXILE-TRIAL-AND-DEATH-OR-EXECUTION.pdf

Rizal exile trial and death or execution

1. PHILIPPINE HISTORY :
RIZAL’S EXILE, TRIAL
AND
DEATH/EXECUTION

2. JOSE RIZAL’S EXILE
IN DAPITAN

3. Arrival in Dapitan:Rizal arrived in Dapitanon June 17,
1896, exiled due to his beliefs on justice and social equality.
Community and Civic Work:
• Rizal became dedicated to helping residents through
community work, land development, medical practices,
and education.
• He built a clinic and offered free medicalservices.
• Constructed a school for young boys who, instead of
paying tuition, contributed by working on
community projects.

4. Economic and Agricultural Activities:
• He engaged in farming, business, and tried fishing hemp
and copra industries.
• Introduced modern agricultural methods to native
farmers and purchased agricultural machinery from the
United States.
• Rizal built a waterworks system to provide Dapitanwith a
better watersupply​.

5. Scientific Contributions:
• Explored jungles for specimens sent to European
museums, which were named after him (e.g., Draco
rizali, Rhacophorusrizali).
• Invented a wooden brickmaker capable of producing
6,000 bricks daily.

6. Civic Projects:
• Drained Marshes to eliminate
malaria-carrying mosquitoes and designed a lighting
system.
• Beautified Dapitanby enhancing the town plaza and
creating a relief map of Mindanao​.

7. Involvement with the Katipunan:
• Andres Bonifaciosent Dr. PioValenzuela to Dapitanto seek Rizal’s
support for the revolution. Rizal objected,
believing the Filipinos were unprepared and lacking
resourcesfora revolution.
• He declined offers for escape and instead chose to honor his word to
the Spanish authorities.

8. Views on Revolution:
• Rizal’s opposition to the revolution was influenced by his
belief in education asthekey to equality and reform.
• In his novels, especially "El Filibusterismo," Rizal
illustrated the need for a pure heart in leading a revolution
and hinted that reform should be the first step toward
eventual independence.

9. Religion and Retraction:
• Rizal debated with Fr. Pablo Pastellsover religion and was
regarded as anti-Christian by some.
• He allegedly retracted his writings against the Catholic
Church in a note written by Fr. Antonio Obach.

10. Application to Serve in Cuba:
• Rizal volunteered to serve as an army doctor
in Cuba,
which was approved after months of waiting.
• He was allowed to travel to Manila and Spain
for his
assignment.

11. JOSE RIZAL’S TRIAL
AND EXECUTION

12. Arrest in Barcelona: Community and Civic Work:
• While enroute to Cuba to serve as a medical doctor,
Rizal
was arrested by Spanish authorities in Barcelona on
October 6, 1896.
• His arrest was orchestrated by Spanish friars who viewed
his nationalist ideas and writings as a threat to their
control in the Philippines.
• Shortly after, he was transported back to Manila to stand
trial for his alleged role in the Philippine revolution.

13. Political Manipulation:
• Governor-General Blanco, initially sympathetic to Rizal,
was removed from office due to pressure from Spanish
friars.
• He was replaced by Camilo de Polavieja, a more
conservative figure who fully supported the church's
stance against Rizal and backed his prosecution.

14. Main Charges Against Rizal:
• Rizal was charged as the supposed “mastermind” behind
the Philippine Revolution.
• Accusations claimed he led secret societies, authored
subversive publications, and spread anti-Spanish
sentiments, all intended to incite Filipinostorevolt.

15. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
Interrogation by Colonel Francisco Olive:
• Rizal underwent a five-day interrogation by Judge
Advocate Colonel Francisco Olive, which took place
without witnesses or the right to defend himself.
• Despite lacking concrete evidence of his involvement in
the revolution, Rizal was still accused based on general
suspicions and connectionstorevolutionary activities.

16. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
Filing of Charges:
• Governor-General Blanco assigned Judge Rafael Dominguez
to oversee Rizal’sindictmentand prepare the trial.
• Official Charges: Dominguez's report described Rizal as the
main instigator of rebellion, the leading figure of the
insurrection, and the “chief of filibusterism” in the
Philippines.
• Additional Penalties: The court recommended he be denied
bail, his possessions seized, and that an officer be appointed
as his defense counsel.

17. RIZAL’S TRIAL
Military Trial on December 26, 1896:
• Rizal’s trial was held at Cuartelde España, a military
barracks in Manila, where he faced a panel of military
officersratherthan a civilian court.
• The prosecution's brief, read by Enrique de Alcocer, was
heavily biased, filled with rhetorical claims but lacking
substantial evidence to back up the charges.

18. RIZAL’S TRIAL
Defense by Lt. Luis Tavielde Andrade:
• Rizal chose 1st Lt. Luis Tavielde Andrade as his defense
counsel, recognizing his background and potential
understanding of his case.
• Despite presenting a well-structured and logical defense,
Tavielde Andrade’s arguments were disregarded due to
the court’s pre-determined bias against Rizal.

19. RIZAL’S TRIAL
Swift Verdict and Death Sentence:
• The trial concluded without questions or considerations
from the court, and Rizal was found guilty based solely on
circumstantial evidence.
• On December 28, 1896, Governor-General Polaviejasigned
the execution order, setting it for December 30 at 7:00
a.m. in Bagumbayan(now Rizal Park).

20. THE MARTYRDOM OF RIZAL
Notice of Execution:
• On December 29, Captain Rafael Dominguez read Rizal
the
official notice of his execution scheduled for the next
morning.
• Rizal was transferred to a prison chapel in Fort Santiago,
where he spent his last night reflecting, writing letters to
loved ones, and preparing for hisfinalmoments.

21. THE MARTYRDOM OF RIZAL
Farewell Letters:
• In his final hours, Rizal wrote farewell letters, including
one for his family, in which he encouraged them to live
virtuously and remain united.
• His last composition, “Mi ÚltimoAdiós” (My Last
Farewell), became an iconic piece of Filipino literature,
reflecting his love for his country and his willingness to
sacrifice hislifefor freedom.

22. THE MARTYRDOM OF RIZAL
Retraction Controversy:
• A retraction document allegedly signed by Rizal, renouncing
his Masonic ties and political beliefs, remains a contentious
issue.
• Only reproductions of this document were revealed in 1935,
with the original never publicly shown.
• Critics noted discrepancies in dates, with changes made to
the document’s “6” to resemble a “C,” casting doubt on the
document’s authenticity

23. THE EXECUTION OF RIZAL
Procession to Bagumbayan(Rizal Park):
• On December 30, Rizal was escorted from Fort
Santiago to
Bagumbayan, with Jesuit priests by hisside.
• Bound with his hands behind his back, Rizal
reflected on his
past, including his days at Ateneo, as he walked
calmly to his
death.

24. THE EXECUTION OF RIZAL
Crowd Control and Security:
• Hundreds gathered to witnesstheexecution, though
Spanish
troops kept them at a distance to prevent any attempts to
rescue Rizal.
• A firing squad of Filipino soldiers was stationed at the
execution site, with Spanish troops behind them, prepared
to fire if the Filipinos hesitated.

25. THE EXECUTION OF RIZAL
Final Moments:
• Rizal requested to face the firing squad, a
request denied by
authorities who saw it as an act of defiance.
• As shots rang out, Rizal turned to face the sun,
falling with
his face to the ground in an act of courage,
remembered as
hisfinalsaluteto his country