RJNY ARORA MODERN ANAESTHESIA VAPORIZERS FF.pdf

2. MODERN VAPORI ZERS

3. Device that changes a liquid anaesthetic agent into its vapor
and adds a controlled amount of that vapor to the fresh gas
flow to the breathing system.
VAPORIZERS
Anaesthetic agent delivery system
Vapor delivery system
3

4. MODERN VAPORI ZERS
•Capable of delivering precise ,predictable
and calculated /constant concentration of
the volatile anaesthetic agent.

5. PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES
Material and design of the vaporizer
•HEAT OF VAPORISATION
The number of calories required to vaporise 1 gram of liquid into vapor.
•LATENT HEAT OF VAPORISATION
The number of calories needed to convert 1 gram of liquid to vapor
without a temperature change.
•SPECIFIC HEAT
The quantity of heat energy required to increase the temperature of a1
gram of a substance /1 ml of liquid by 1 degree Celsius.
•THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Measure of speed with which heat flows through a substance

6. •VAPOR PRESSURE
The vapour exerts a pressure on its surroundings
•SAURATED VAPOR PRESSURE
The pressure exerted by the vapor when in equilibrium with
the liquid phase at constant temperature
•CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
Maximum temperature at which substance can be compressed
to convert it from gas to a liquid
•BOILING POINT
The temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure is equal to
the atmospheric pressure and at which all the liquid agent changes
into the vapor phase.

10. BASIC WORKING OF VAPORI ZER

12. OLDCLASSIFICATION OF VAPORIZERS
•Method of regulating output concentration
Variable bypass/Concentration calibrated
Measured flow
•Method of vaporisation
Flow over
Bubble through
Injection
•The internal Resistance of the vaporiser
High: Plenum vaporisers
Low: Drawover
•Temperature compensation
Automatic Thermocompensation
Supplied heat
•Location
In circuit
Out of circuit
•Agent specific
Specific agent
Multiple agents

13. NEWER CLASSIFCATION OF VAPORIZERS
•Method of regulating output concentration
Variable bypass/Concentration calibrated
Electronic
•Method of vaporisation
Flow over
Injection
•Temperaturecompensation
Mechanical
Supplied heat
Computerised

14. CLASSIFCATION OF VAPORI ZERS
Method of regulating output concentration
•Variable bypass
•Fully saturated vapour chamber
Mechanical: TEC
Electronic: Aladdin
Variably saturated vapour chamber
Goldman
•Measured flow
Copper kettle
TEC 6

15. VARIABLE BYPASS

19. MEASURED FLOW

21. Method of Vaporisation
Flow over
TEC
Goldman
Bubble through
Copper kettle
Injection type
TEC 6

28. BAFFLE SYSTEM

30. INJECTION

31. •Automatic thermocompensation
TEC
EMO
PENLON
•Supplied heat
TEC 6
•No compensation
Goldman,Boyles
•Manual
Copper kettle
•Electronic
Aladdin
TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION

44. The Internal Resistanceof the Vaporizer
High: Plenum vaporizers
TEC vaporizers
Low: Draw over vaporizers
Goldman bottle

45. LOCATION
Out of circuit/High resistance/Plenum
TEC,Penlon,Aladdin
In circuit/Low resistance/Draw over
OMV,EMO

48. Specificity
• Agent specific
TEC
Penlon
Multiple agents
Goldman

49. PUMPING EFFECT

61. PRESSURISNG
EFFECT

64. FACTORS AFFECTING RATEOF VAPORISATION
•Volatility of the agent
•Surface area of contact between gas and liquid
•Flow rate of gases over the liquid
•Temperature of the liquid

65. FACTORS AFFECTING
VAPORIZER PERFORMANCE
•Pumping/ Pressurising effect
•Carrier gas composition rate
•Extremes of temperature
•Barometric pressure
•Anaesthetic agent

66. Featuresof Modern Vaporizers
Concentration calibrated /Variable bypass
Plenum
Flow over
Temperature compensation
Agent specific
Out of circuit
Keyed Filling

67. TEC VAPORIZERS

68. TEC 1

69. TEC 2

71. TEC 3

75. Type to enter a caption.

76. TEC 4

80. TEC 5

81. TEC 5

85. Type to enter a caption.

86. TEC 7

87. TEC 7

91. DESFLURANE

112. Aladin Cassette
Vaporizer System

125. AnaConDa
ANAESTHETIC CONSERVING DEVICE

129. AnaConDa
Anaesthetic Conserving Device
•Used in out of OT settings like ICU sedation for
intubated and mechanically ventilated patients.
•Modified bacterial filter and moisture
exchanger placed between the catheter mount
and y piece
•Disposable and replaced every 24 hours
•Gas monitoring required

130. Vs Conventional vaporizers
•Anaesthetic concentration is adjusted through
the infusion of the liquid anaesthetics
•Vaporisation depends on the rate at which the
infusion is run and not the fresh gas flow rate,
Onset is slower
•Anaesthetic agent consumption with anaconda
is constant and independent of the circuit and
fresh gas flow.

133. MAQUET INJECTOR VAPORIZER

135. DRAGER DIVA
DIRECT INJECTION OF VAPOR ANAESTHETIC

138. FILLING SYSTEM
•Bottle keyed system
•Funnel fill system
•Keyed filling system
•Quick fill system
•Easy fill system
•Desflurane filling system

139. FUNNEL FILL

142. KEYED FILL

150. QUICK FILL

152. EASY FILL

158. SAF-T-FILL

167. SAFETY FEATURES
•Color specific
•Keyed filler bottles
•Low filling ports
•Vaporisers are locked
•Secured vaporisers interlocks
SELECT -A -TEC
•Less ability to move them
•Only one vaporiser is turned on
•Trace vapor output is minimised when the
vaporiser is off
•Conc dial increases output in all when rotated
counterclockwise

168. HAZARDS
•Incorrect agent
•Tipping
•Overfilling
•Misfiling
•Leaks
•Underfilling
•Contamination
•Reversed flow
•Control dial in wrong position
•Physical damage
•No vapor output
•Projectile
•Reversal of flow
•Incorrect concentration delivery
168

169. IDEAL VAPORIZER
•Performance not affected by changes in
FGF
Volume of the liquid agents
Ambient temperature and pressure
•Low resistance to flow
•Light weight with small liquid requirement
•Economical and safe to use
•Corrosion and solvent resistant
•Leak proof
•Compatible with vaporiser interlock systems
•Unaffected by heat loss due to vaporisation, pressure
changes,downstream of the vaporiser, tilting or tipping

171. OLD VAPORIZERS
Historical background

173. EARLY DEVICES-OPEN DROP METHOD

174. HeightWidthDepth
192
mm
109
mm
67mm
Grid metal mask with gutter and metal loop to retain gauze, secured by
clip of Bellamy Gardner type (original pattern had no securing device).
Used with chloroform and ether.
Invented 1890 by Kurt Schimmelbusch (1860-1895)

177. YANKAUER MASK
Used by Dr Morris William Thomas [1882 -1944]
1.Folding face mask with removable mesh insert and spiral wire collar for
holding lint or gauze onto which agents such as ether or chloroform
were applied.
2.Oxygen tubing attached to the port at the narrow end of the mask, and
oxygen exited through the small holes around the rim.
3.The drop method involved placing the mask over the patient’s nose and
mouth, and then placing gauze over the mesh of the mask.
4.Next, liquid anaesthetic, such as ether or chloroform, was applied in
drops or lightly poured onto the gauze so that the patient breathed in
evaporated anaesthetic as well as air.
Length: 14
cm Height:
5.8 cm
Width: 8 cm

178. SEMI OPEN DROP
METHOD
frame added to ”keep the ether in” in an
enclosed area-permits some degree of

179. OPEN DROP ETHER
BELLAMY GARDNER BOTTLE
✓amber coloured
✓Control on pouring
✓Capacity: 90 ml Ether

180. BOYLE BOTTLE

186. Ether Bottle
Larger VC-300 ml filled
fully (8/12Inch)
U tube & hood of Cu
Has 4 lines between off &
on-begins to operate at
2
nd
mark
Ether conc. Initially 16-
18% later falls to
maintenance of 6-8%
Trilene bottle
Small glass bottle size
4/12 inch
100ml for ½ inch liquid
depth
Chrome plated U tube&
hood; cowl adjusted by
stainless steel plunger
Delivers 0.5-2 % (I-0.5%; II-
1%; III-1.5-2%)

187. GOLDMAN VAPORIZER

192. OXFORD MINIATURE VAPORIZER
OMV

195. EPSTEIN MACINTOSH OXFORD VAPORIZER
EMO

199. OXFORD INFLATING BELLOWS
•Self inflating bellows use with
spontaneous/ controlled ventilation.
•Bellows sit vertically; internal volume
maintained by a spring
•6 bellows-150 ml each (Paeds: 400 ml
total)
•Ramaraosmodification
•2 unidirectional flap valves
•Magnet to inactivate distal unidirectional
valve

203. COPPER KETTLE
Lucien E. Morris, M.D. (1914-2011) designed the Copper Kettle
CLASSIFICATION
•Measured flow
•Bubble through
•Out of system
•Temp. compensation by supplied heat and manual flow alteration
•Multiple agent
•2 models -400ml/ 160 ml
•Oxygen is bubbled through the vapour chamber from a dedicated
accurate low flow rotameter and the fully saturated vapour then enters
the circuit.

204. Correct inflow can be determined from agent-
specific tables that relate temperature, desired
percentage output and FGF.

208. Q1. IDENTIFY THE VAPORIZER
WORKING AS
BUBBLE THROUGH
•TEC 5
•COPPER KETTLE
•DESFLURANE
•ALADDIN

209. MAXIMUM DIAL SETTINGS IN TEC 6
VAPORIZERS
•5
•6
•18
•12

210. IDENTIFY THE INCORRECT
STATEMENT
•PUMPING AFFECT INCREASES THE VAPOR
OUTPUT CONCENTRATIOM
•PRESSUREING EFECT DECREASES THE
VAPOR OUTPUTCONCENTRATIONT
•HIGH FRESH GAS FLOW INCREASES THE
VAPOR OUTPUT CONCENTRATION
•NONE OF THE ABOVE

211. CLASSIFICATION OF MODERN
VAPORIZERS IS BASED
•CONCENTRATION CALIBRATIONS
•TEMPERATURE
•PRESSURE
•VOLATILITY OF AA

212. HOW TO MINIMISE PUMPING
EFFECT?

213. WHAT ARE DIFFERENT MEANS
OF TEMPERATURE
COMPENSATION IN MODERN
VAPORIZERS?

214. Anacondois
•USEFUL IN ICU SETTING
•VAPORS REGULATE THE OUTPUT
•FGF INCREASES THE OUTPUT
•TO BE REPLACED EVERY 48 HOURS

215. HOW TO INCREASE VAPOR OUTPUT
IN GOLDMAN VAPORIZERS?

216. CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING
VAPORIZER?

217. IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING
VAPORIZER

218. IDENTIFY THE ASSEMBLY?