RNA types-structure and functions of mRNA,rRNA and tRNA.

RNA types-structure and functions

1. RNA RNA:- RIBO NUCLEIC ACID A NUCLEIC ACID RNA, which stands for RIBONUCLEIC ACID,is apolymeric molecule made up of one or more NUCLEOTIDES

2. Structure of RNA It is single stranded. It is composed of repeating nucleotides Sugar & phosphate back bones are present Nitrogen bases are also present which are of four types. Adenine-uracil 2.cytosine-guanine

3. RNA is a polymer composed of RNA nucleotides Each Nucleotide is made up of 3 components A phosphate group A sugar -the sugar in RNA is Ribose A NITROGENOUS Base Held together by .... Covalent Bonds.These bondas are strong ..you wouldn't want your DNA falling a part.

4. Types of RNA Messenger RNA (m RNA) Ribosomal RNA ( r RNA) Transfer RNA (t RNA)

5. m RNA- Messenger RNA Messenger is RNA is a large of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protin products of gene expression. When to polypeptides in required the triplet code of its gene is converted into a molecule of messenger RNA it's called transcription. It is single stranded,

6. It contains ribose instead of deoxyribose it contains uracil instead of thaymine It is coded so that every three nucleotides corresponding one amino acid. In eukaryotic cells once precursor mRNA has been transcribed from DNA it's processed to mature mRNA.This removes it's introns -noncoding section s of the pre mRNA

7. rRNA rRNA:- Ribosomal RNA In molecular biology ribosomal, ribonucleic acid is the RNA component of the ribosomal & essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms. r-RNA

8. Eukaryotic ribosomal contain four different rRNA molecules: 18s,5.8s,28s & 5s rRNA rRNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleus In cytoplasm ribosomal RNA & protein combine to from a nucleoprotein called a ribosomes. rRNA is extremely abudant & makes up 80% of 10mg/ml RNA found in a typical eukaryotic cytoplasm

9. t-RNA t-RNA:- Transfer RNA Transfer ribonucleic acid is type of RNA molecule that helps decode a m-RNA sequence into protein. t-RNA function at specific sites in the ribosome during translation which is process that synthesized a protein from an mRNA molecule

10. tRNA is a small RNA chain of about 80 nucleotides. In transfers specific amino acid to growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. It has sites for amino acid attachment & anticodon region for codon recognition.

11. mRNA chain through hydrogen bonding. The tertiary structure of tRNA is best described as a compact 'L' shape. The anticodon is a single - stranded loop at the bottom of the figure which later base-pairs with the triplet codon. The amino acid is attached to the terminal A on the upper right . The active sites are maximally separated.

12. References. Biochemistry. - lehnigar A C Bio physiology biophysics & bio chemistry -S.K VERMA & MOHIT VERMA

13. Thank you