robot lecture 2 which is continution to robo lecture 1

It has few insights into Robotics

1. What is a Robot? Comparison with conventional manipulator : Robots and conventional manipulators share many structural similarities, making them comparable in functionality. Similarities with crane attached to a utility or towing vehicle : When comparing a robot manipulator to a crane on a utility vehicle, one can see a clear resemblance in their structure and operation. Links attached serially with joints : Both robots and cranes consist of multiple links connected in series by joints, allowing for movement and flexibility. Movable "hand" within workspace : The end effector, or "hand," of both systems can be positioned in various locations within their operational range.

2. Similarities Between Robots and Cranes Both have links and joints : Robots and cranes are built with segments connected by joints, facilitating movement and articulation. Actuators move the joints : The joints in both systems are powered by actuators, which are responsible for driving the movement. Central controller for actuator control : Both robots and cranes use a central controller to manage the actuators' operations, ensuring coordinated movement. Ability to carry loads : Each system can carry and manipulate loads within their designed capacity, demonstrating their functional capability.

3. Differences Between Robots and Manipulators Crane and manipulator controlled by human : Cranes and manipulators require direct human operation, with an operator manually controlling their movements. Robot manipulator controlled by computer or microprocessor : In contrast, robot manipulators are operated by computers or microprocessors, which automate their functions. Computer runs a program to control robot : The actions of a robot manipulator are dictated by a computer program, enabling automated and precise control.

4. Flexibility of Robots Robots designed to be controlled by a computer : Robots are specifically engineered to be managed by computers, providing a foundation for advanced control and automation. Controller supervises motions via program : A controller oversees the robot's movements, executing commands from the computer program. Program changes alter robot's actions : Modifying the program running on the robot's computer can change its behavior and tasks, highlighting its adaptability. Designed for versatility in tasks : Robots are inherently versatile, capable of performing a wide range of tasks simply by updating their programming, eliminating the need for mechanical redesign.

5. Finally! What is robot? Robots: computer-controlled, flexible tasks : Robots are distinguished by their computer-based control systems and ability to perform diverse tasks through reprogramming. Manipulators and cranes: human-controlled, single task operation : Unlike robots, manipulators and cranes rely on human operators and are generally limited to single, specific tasks. Key distinction: computer program control vs. human operator : The fundamental difference lies in control—robots are controlled by programs, while manipulators and cranes are manually operated by humans.

6. Section 2

7. Standards for Defining Robots Different countries have different standards : The criteria for what constitutes a robot can vary significantly across different countries. American standards for robots : In the United States, a device must meet specific criteria to be classified as a robot Easily reprogrammable requirement : One key requirement is that the device must be easily reprogrammable.

8. Manual Handling Devices Manual handling devices : Devices with multiple degrees of freedom, operated manually by an operator. Not considered robots : According to American standards, these devices do not qualify as robots due to their reliance on manual control. Examples of manual handling devices : These can include equipment like mechanical arms that require human operation.

9. Fixed-Sequence Robots Fixed-sequence robots : Devices controlled by hard stops that limit actuator motions to a predefined sequence. Hard stops for control : These devices use mechanical limits to control their movements. Difficult to change sequence : The fixed nature of their sequence makes it challenging to reprogram or alter their operations.

10. Why Fixed-Sequence Devices Aren't Robots Lack of reprogrammability : Fixed-sequence devices do not meet the reprogrammable criterion set by American standards. Limited flexibility : The inability to easily alter their programming limits their classification as robots. Examples of fixed-sequence devices : These might include certain automated machinery in factories that follow a strict, unchangeable process.

11. Conclusion on Robot Standards Reprogrammability is key : The ability to be reprogrammed easily is a crucial factor in defining a robot in American standards. Manual and fixed-sequence devices : Devices operated manually or with fixed sequences do not qualify as robots . Importance of standards : Understanding these standards helps clarify what constitutes a robot and differentiates them from other automated devices.