Role of Biofertilizer in Organic Agriculture.pptx

Organic farming
Current scenario
Bio fertiliser:
Introduction
Classification
Application

1. CREDIT SEMINAR TOPIC: Role of Biofertilizers in Organic Farming. Presented by: Lakshit Saini Roll No. 21-M-AGRI-003 M.Sc. (Ag.) Agronomy Supervised by: Dr. S.P. Bainade Assistant Professor Department of Agriculture SAST, RIMT University

2. INTRODUCTION: Organic Farming The scientific definition can be given as: Organic farming is a form of agriculture that relies on ecosystem management and attempts to reduce or eliminate external agricultural inputs, especially synthetic ones. In simple words, organic farming avoids the use of synthetic chemical, fertilizers, pesticides and genetically modified organisms.

3. Current Scenario of Organic Farming Current Export = 460320.40 million tonne (MT) Current Export of Basmati Rice = 4.45 MT Cotton bales = 0.3 million Fruits and dry fruits = 1200 tons

4. 26 million hectares are currently managed organically worldwide. However, it is increasing with the increasing demand for organic products. India's top organic state  Madhya Pradesh  has about 90 per cent of its organic area under National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) Sche me . The top three states — Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan — collectively have over 80 per cent of their organic area under NPOP. World scenario of organic Farming

5. Common organic farming practices Crop rotation Green manure Biopesticides Microbial biofertilizers Composting Vermicompost

6. BIOFERTILIZERS The side effects of indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture can be summarized as disturbances in the soil reaction, development of nutrient imbalances in plants, increased susceptibility to pests and diseases, reduction in legume root nodulation and plant mycorrhizal associations, decrease in soil life and environmental hazards such as water pollution and soil humus reduction. The realization of such detrimental effects of chemical fertilizers when used continuously in large quantities in the absence of organic components has triggered interest regarding the alternatives to supply the plant nutrients in an integrated manner giving rise to Integrated Plant Nutrient System [IPNS] in which, bio-fertilizers play a major role. INTRODUCTION

7. Biofertilizers are, “ Biologically active products containing microorganisms which can contribute nutrients to plants through microbial activity.” Example: Azotobacter , Rhizobium , PGPR etc.

8. Biofertilizers Bacteria Algae Fungi Nitrogen fixing Phosphate solubilizing Nitrogen fixing Phosphate solubilizing Symbiotic Nonsymbiotic Associative Non-symbiotic Azotobacter Rhizobium Azospirillum Bacillus spp . Non-symbiotic Blue Green Algae (BGA) Symbiotic NON-symbiotic Mycorrhiza Aspergillus Penicillium Classification of biofertilizer Azolla

9. Rhizobium For Non-leguminous crops: Mix the inoculants uniformly with the seeds gently with the minimum amount of water taking care to avoid damage to seed coat. Dry the inoculated seeds under shade over clean paper or gunny bag and sow immediately For transplanted crops: Mix the inoculants in bucket of water stir the mixture vigorously. Dip the roots of seedlings in this mixture before transplanting. Transplant as usual. For vegetables / fruit crop : It can be mixed with pit mixture before planting. It provides nitrogen to the plant and reduces dose of nitrogenous fertilizers like Urea It Increases the protein content of seeds and yield. Dosage : Use 15 to 20 g/kg of seed, 1 to 2 kg/acre for soil application and 1 kg/acre for root application (root dipping).

10. Azotobacter F or Non-leguminous crops: Mix the inoculants uniformly with the seeds gently with the minimum amount of water taking care to avoid damage to seed coat. Dry the inoculated seeds under shade over clean paper or gunny bag and sow immediately. For transplanted crops: Mix the inoculants in bucket of water stir the mixture vigorously. Dip the roots of seedlings in this mixture before transplanting. Transplant as usual. For vegetables / fruit crop: It can be mixed with pit mixture before planting. Dosage: Use 15 to 20 g/kg of seed, 1 to 2 kg/acre for soil application and 1 kg/acre for root application (root dipping).

11. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) The group of bacteria that colonize roots or rhizosphere soil and beneficial to crops are referred to as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The PGPR inoculants currently commercialized that seem to promote growth through at least one mechanism; suppression of plant disease (termed Bioprotectants), improved nutrient acquisition (termed Biofertilizers), or phytohormone production (termed Bio stimulants). Species of Pseudomonas and Bacillus can produce greater amounts of fine roots which have the effect of increasing the absorptive surface of plant roots for uptake of water and nutrients. These PGPR are referred to as Bio stimulants and the phytohormones they produce include indole-acetic acid, cytokinin's, gibberellins and inhibitors of ethylene production.

12. Application of Biofertilizers Seed treatment One packet (200g) of the inoculant is mixed with 200 ml of rice kanji to make a slurry. The seeds required for an acre are mixed in the slurry so as to have a uniform coating of the inoculant over the seeds and then shade dried for 30 minutes. The shade dried seeds should be sown within 24 hours. Dosage: 200 g/10 kg seed Seedling root dip This method is used for transplanted crops. Two packets of the inoculant is mixed in 40 litres of water. The root portion of the seedlings required for an acre is dipped in the mixture for 5 to 10 minutes and then transplanted. Main field application Four packets of the inoculant is mixed with 20 kgs of dried and powdered farm yard manure and then broadcasted in one acre of main field just before transplanting.

13. Azotobacter

14. Rhizobium

15. Conclusion: B iofertilizers ( Azotobacter, Rhizobium, PGPR etc.) application in organic farming have been reported to be effective for higher profitable yield and other parameter as well as improving physico -chemical properties and fertility of soil without deteriorating any natural resources.

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