Role of nutrition in mantaning health and nutritional problems in India

1st year BSc Nursing Nutrition

1. Program: B. Sc Nursing , Second Year BNSG - 201 Nutrition & Biochemistry Unit No.1. Introduction Topic- Role of Nutrition in Maintaining Health & Nutritional Problems in India Lecture No. 2 Dr. S udharani B Banappagoudar Professor, SONS/OBG 1 BNSG 201

2. NUTRITION - UNIT I INTRODUCTION 2 BNSG 201

3. O utline Introduction Role of nutrition in maintaining health Nutritional problems in India and its causes Learning outcomes Exercise References 3 BNSG 201

4. INTRODUCTION 4 BNSG 201 <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R3 > What are Nutrients? The foods we eat contain nutrients. Nutrients are substances required by the body to perform its basic functions. Nutrients must be obtained from our diet, since the human body does not synthesize or produce them. Nutrients have one or more of three basic functions: they provide energy, contribute to body structure, and/or regulate chemical processes in the body. These basic functions allow us to detect and respond to environmental surroundings, move, excrete wastes, respire (breathe), grow, and reproduce. There are six classes of nutrients required for the body to function and maintain overall health. These are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals. Foods also contain non-nutrients that may be harmful (such as natural toxins common in plant foods and additives like some dyes and preservatives) or beneficial (such as antioxidants).

5. Objectives <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 5 BNSG 201 By the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Role of nutrition in maintaining health Nutritional problems in India and its causes

6. ROLE OF NUTRITION IN MAINTAINING HEALTH The basic study of nutrition - primary importance as 1. It is fundamental for own health. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 6 BNSG 201

7. It is essential for the health and well-being of patients and clients from the time of eating till it is utilized for various functions. The scope of the study involves: Nutrition helps growth and development Prevents malnutrition Resists infection Prevents diseases ROLE OF NUTRITION IN MAINTAINING HEALTH <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 7 BNSG 201

8. • Proper nutrition supports wellness • Wellness is more than the absence of disease • Physical, emotional, and spiritual health • Active process <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 8 BNSG 201

9. ROLE OF NUTRITION IN MAINTAINING HEALTH <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 9 BNSG 201

10. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN INDIA A survey in south India has revealed that about 1% children aged 1-5 years showed signs of kwashiorkor, 2% marasmus and 3%-5% vitamin A deficiency. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 10 BNSG 201

11. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN INDIA Community studies have shown that Many mothers give only breast milk to children up to 2years. Thus, no additional food is added to the child’s diet. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 11 BNSG 201

12. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN INDIA Papaya, vitamin ‘A’ rich, considered which produces more heat - cause miscarriage - avoided by pregnant women. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 12 BNSG 201

13. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN INDIA Belief - if a pregnant woman eats more, the baby will be big and delivery difficult, so expectant mothers are not fed adequately both in quality and quantity. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 13 BNSG 201

14. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN INDIA Nutritional Problems in India Problem Features Low Birth Weight Less than 2.5kg Still birth Birth of dead baby Kwashiorkor Protein deficiency between 1 and 4 years Anaemia 20% adolescent girls and 90% pregnant women <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 14 BNSG 201

15. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN INDIA Nutritional Problems in India Problem Features Stunted growth Height and weight not ideal Night blindness Vitamin A deficiency after 50 years Cataract Vitamin A and Vitamin D deficiency Goitre Iodine deficiency in females <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 15 BNSG 201

16. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN INDIA Nutritional Problems in India Problem Features Under weight 50% adults Overweight 15% Mumbai school children are obese Diabetes About 10% of the total population and about 1/5 above age 50 suffer <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 16 BNSG 201

17. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN INDIA Nutritional Problems in India Problem Features Hypertension Male and female suffer more in urban areas Cardiac problems More in males Cancer More in females <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 17 BNSG 201

18. Nutritional Problems in India The hunger and malnutrition survey report 2011 covered 7,300 households in 112 districts across 9 states and more than 1 lakh children and 74,000 mothers. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 18 BNSG 201

19. Nutritional Problems in India The key findings of the survey 42% children under 5 are underweight; 59% are stunted. 66% of mothers did not attend school. Rates of child underweight and stunting are higher among mothers with low levels of education. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 19 BNSG 201

20. Nutritional Problems in India By 2 years, 42% children are underweight and 58% stunted in the 100 focus districts. Prevalence of child underweight has decreased from 53% in 2004 to 42% in 2011. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 20 BNSG 201

21. Nutritional Problems in India Birth weight: Under 2.5kg at birth and continue to stay underweight 50% Over 2.5 kg at birth, but underweight now 34% Under 2.5kg at birth and stunted now 62% Over 2.5kg at birth, but stunted now 50% <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 21 BNSG 201

22. Nutritional Problems in India Prevalence of malnutrition is significantly higher among children from low-income families particularly Muslims, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes although rates of malnutrition are significant among middle and high income families. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 22 BNSG 201

23. Nutritional Problems in India We cannot hope for a healthy future for India with such a large number of malnourished children. The government cannot solely depend on Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) to solve the issue. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 23 BNSG 201

24. Nutritional Problems in India The government is launching a strengthened and restructured ICDS, to start a multisectoral program for 200 high burden districts and initiate a nationwide communication campaign against malnutrition. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 24 BNSG 201

25. Cause of Nutritional Problem Poor Nutrition, Under Nutrition (Malnutrition), Overnutrition <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 25 BNSG 201

26. Cause of Nutritional Problem The World Bank estimates that India is ranked 2 nd in the world of the number of children suffering from malnutrition Undernutrition is found mostly in rural areas 10% of villages and districts accounting for 27-28% of all underweight children. Children of scheduled tribes have the poorest nutritional status and the highest wasting. <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 26 BNSG 201

27. Cause of Nutritional Problem <SELO: 1,4,9,13 > <Reference No.: R 1,R2 > 27 BNSG 201

28. EXERCISE 28 BNSG 403 Explain the Nutritional Problems in India

29. LEARNING OUTCOMES BNSG 201 29 The student Describe nutrition and the role of nutrition in health and disease Describe Nutritional Problems in India

30. Student effective learning outcome 1.Application of concepts of topic & it’s technological application.  2. Ability to interpret and analyze data into information and to design and conduct experiments. 3.Understanding available tools and products and ability to use it effectively. 4.Adaptive Thinking Skills BNSG 403 30

31. R e f e r ence 1.Essentials of nutrition and biochemistry for basic B sc nursing I clement 2. Food & nutrition for nurses (B sc nursing) by  Ruma Singh 3. A textbook of nutrition B.Sc (n) first year  Darshan Soni 31 BNSG 403

32. BNSG 403 32