Role of Philosophers in French Revolution

philosophers Voltaire, john lock, jean Jacques Rousseau Montesquieu

1. History Of Europe Role Of Philosophers In French Revolution

2. Present by students of BS English (Morning) Semester-2 Session 2017-21

3. French Revolution   Revolution of 1789 Period 1787–1799 cause-three types of society Privilege class and unprivileged class Peasants-status

4. Philosophers M ontesquieu -He was advocate as well as judge -believed that all powers should not be --concentrated on one person’s hand -Jan 18,1689-Feb 10, 1755 -Belongs to a noble family -Great Political Philosopher -Reinforce his literary achievements about social issues -outlined constitutional monarchy - Famous work-spirit of law-1748 -he criticized monarchy and accepted democracy parliamentary democracy

5. THREE TYPES OF GOVERNMENT -Ideal monarchy-experienced people should be there for help and discussed matter with king -Dictatorship-all powers centralized with king dictator-create terror and make people his slaves -Democracy-take care of people ordinary man can be a leader of people

6. Voltaire -Francois Marie Arout -Nov 21,1778-May 30,1778 -Attack Catholic Church-authority of church -Man’s destiny is in his own hands -Fight against privilege class -‘Ridicule’ written work-cause him jail -‘Candid’ his book-monarchy and religion were main subjects -limited monarchy - He said, 'I would prefer, to be ruled by one lion than by hundred rats .‘

7. -take concern to local politics -Eastern commission 1762-sermon on stealing and drunkenness -he did not prefer or like mob rule-terror -One man of all qualities- He was poet, journalist, author, historian and scholar of law -for 60 years he remained an intellectual leader in France.

8. John Locke (1632-1704 ) An English Philosopher and Physician Lived during the English civil war Father of Liberalism Opposed the divine right of King Largely Anti-authoritarian Tabula Rasa

9. Supported individual’s natural right Two treatises of Government A new social contract theory Wrote an Essay concerning Human understanding in 1689 Great influence on the Declaration of Independence Influenced the French Enlightenment thinkers

10. Denis Diderot (1713-1784 ) A French Philosopher and Writer Idea: All things in the world must be studied without worrying about anyone’s feelings Major work Encyclopedia(28 Volumes 20,000 copies) Encyclopedia was complete cycle of knowledge which change the general way of thinking

11. Explained new ideas on Government, Philosophy and Religion Spoke out against slavery Encouraged freedom of speech and education to everyone, not just the wealthy Goal was to change thinking Pope threatened to excommunicate

12. Others philosophers Marquis De Condorcet French Mathematician and Political scientist Olympe de Gouges

13. Thank You