Roles of nutraceuticals

nutraceuticals

1. Presentation on Roles of N utraceuticals in Various D iseases

2. Introduction Group name: Dream Group no: 01 Group members: Rana Ahmed- (PHA-14001) Mahfujul Hasan - (PHA-14002) Shahida Yeasmin - (PHA-14005) Ruma Akter - (PHA-14007)

3. Nutraceutical Nutraceutical is a term combining with “nutrition ” (a nourishing food or food component ) and “pharmaceutical” (a medical drug) It is a food or food product that provides health and medical benefits including the prevention and treatment of disease .

4. Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular diseases(CVD ) are a classes of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels disorders. They are include- Hypertension Angina pectoris Arrhythmias Congestive heart failure Peripheral vascular disease etc.

5. Flavonoids Flavonoids block the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that raises blood pressure. Flavonoids

6. By blocking the "suicide" enzyme cyclooxygenase that inhibit prostaglandins synthesis thus they prevent platelet stickiness and platelet aggregation . Flavonoids also protect the vascular system and strengthen the tiny capillaries that carry oxygen and essential nutrients to all cells . Sources are Citrus fruits, Onions, apples, tea, broccoli, Berries, legumes etc.

7. Polyphenols Polyphenols present in grapes and in wine alter cellular metabolism and signaling, which is consistent with reducing arterial diseases. Phytosterols Phytosterols compete with dietary cholesterol by blocking the uptake as well as facilitating its excretion from the body. Phytosterols in diet have the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease.

8. Dietary fibers Dietary fiber preparations have laxative and cholesterol-lowering ability that prevention or alleviation of cardiovascular diseases. Essential fatty acids EFAs are required for production and rebuilding of cells, to reduce the risk of blood clots, help prevent many diseases including arthritis, arrhythmias and other cardiovascular diseases . Fatty acids of the omega-3 present in fish are well established dietary components affecting plasma lipids and the major cardiovascular disorders such as arrhythmias.

9. α- Lipoic acid, magnesium, Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine ), Vitamin C have calcium channel blocking activity ( thus antihypertensive activity ).

10. Obesity Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent that it may have a negative effect on health. People are generally considered obese when their body mass index ( BMI) is over than 30kg/m2.

11. Nutraceuticals roles Caloric restriction and increased physical activity has been shown to be only moderately successful in managing obesity. A blend of glucomannan , chitosan, fenugreek, G sylvestre , and vitamin C in the dietary supplement significantly reduced body weight and promoted fat loss in obese individuals. Nutraceuticals such as curcumin , bottle guard, black gram, green tea etc . help in reducing LDL and total cholesterol.

12. Diabetes Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome where a person suffers from high blood glucose. It is caused due to lack of insulin production or the body cells do not respond properly to insulin or both . The most common forms of diabetes are type 1 diabetes (5%), an autoimmune disorder, and type 2 diabetes (95 %).

13. Nutraceutical roles Omega-3 fatty acids have been suggested to reduce glucose tolerance in patients predisposed to diabetes. Lipoic acid is a universal antioxidant, now used in Germany for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. It is possible that lipoic acid may be more effective as a long-term dietary supplement aimed at the prophylactic protection of diabetics from complications. Dietary fibers from psyllium have been used extensively both as pharmacological supplements, food ingredients, in processed food to aid weight reduction , for glucose control in diabetic patients and to reduce lipid levels in hyperlipidemia .

14. Good magnesium status reduces diabetes risk and improves insulin sensitivity; chromium picolinate , calcium and vitamin D appear to promote insulin sensitivity and improve glycemic control in diabeties . extracts of bitter melon and of cinnamon have the potential to treat and possibly prevent diabetes. Emblica officinalis , fenugreek, green tea anti-oxidant vitamins like vitamin C and E are act by affecting insulin sensitivity and also prevent insulin resistance.

15. Cancer Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Characteristics of cancer are Cell growth and division absent from the proper signals Avoidance of programmed cell death Limitless number of cell divisions Promoting blood vessel construction Invasion of tissue and formation of metastases

16. Nutraceuticals roles Bioactive compound Source Mechanism Eugenol Cloves Inhibition of cell proliferation. Diosgenin Fenugreek Suppresses proliferation of cancerous cells and inhibits NFκ β activity Piperine Pepper Inhibition of cell proliferation Allicin Garlic Induces apoptosis Beta-carotene, lycopene Tomatoes Induces apoptosis Quercetin Black tea Induces apoptosis 6-gingerol Ginger Acts as anti-inflammatory and as 5-HT3 receptor antagonist

17. THANKS FOR WATHING