Round up4

Virginia Evans

CONTENTS

Present Simple - Present Continuous

Present Perfect
Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons
- Be Going To

Revision Exercises I
Present Perfect Continuous

Past Continuous - Used To - Was Going To
Reflective - Emphatic Pronouns /

Both - Neither / Possessives

Past Perfect - Past Perfect Continuous
Revision Exercises Il

Functions of Modal Verbs

Question Words - Question Tags
Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + -ing)

Revision Exercises Ill

Reported Speech
Prepositions of Place - Movement - Time

Revision Exercises IV
Summary of Tenses
Irregular Verbs

Progress Tests

103
107
113
122
128
132

137
142
144
145
167
187

Introduction

Round-up Grammar Practice 4 combines games and fun with serious,
systematic grammar practice. Itis ideal for intermediate students of English

Students see grammar points clearly presented in colourful boxes and
tables. They practise grammar through lively, highly illustrated games and
activities.

Round-up is especially designed for different students studying English in
different ways.

It can be used
e in class with a coursebook. Students do both oral work - in pairs and in
groups - and written work in Round-up.

after class, The ‘write-in’ activities are ideal for homework. Students can
practise what they have learned in the classroom.

e in the holidays for revision, Round-up has clear instructions and simple

grammar boxes, so students can study at home without a teacher.

‘The Round-up Teachers Guide includes a full answer key and four tests plus
answer keys.

Pearson Education Limited
Edu Gat, Haro

Essex 0420 246 England

and Assocated Companies troughout no works
tn longman.com

© Vigia Pagoultou-Vachou 1998
Al rights reserved: no part of hs pobicaton may bo reproduce,
Alecronk mechanical, photocopyng recording or onamis,

Fiat o por tn pormsion ote copy hacer

Fst pubtshein 1983 by E. Viachou - “Express Publications”.
Fist pushed by Longman Group Line 199

‘Ih cion puise by Pearson Eaveaton Lite 2008 FF
Fourth impression 2005

Printesin Spain
by Matos Cromo,

Ita by Chi Zmrts and Ter Mio

ISBN 976-0582-420493

1. Present Simple - Present Continuous

‘Lo Present Simple - Present Continuous

(People usually
They can catch cold,

1. or situations.
‘She works in an of.

2.for actions in the present,
especially with adverbs of frequency.
He often buys her flowers.

3. for facts which are permanently
true.
The sun set in he west.

4.for or
The lesson starts at 10 o'clock

usually always, never, often, sometimes,
every dayweekimonthiyear etc.

‘Adverbs of frequency (
auxiliary /modal verbs (
He often goes to the theatre,

o catch a litle puppy,

1. for situations.
He's staying with some fiends atthe moment.

2. for actions happening at or around the

He's looking fr a new job at the moment.

3.with always to express: or

He's always telling es!

4.for in the near future.
I'm flying to London tomorrow. (5 al arrange.
Ie already bought te ckets. The ime of he action
is away stated or understood)

now, at the moment, at present, always,
tonight etc

verbs but after

ic) are placed before mi
ec)

He is never ate.

Non-Continuous verbs

Some verbs appear rarely in the continuous tenses. These verbs express a permanent state and
{hey are: appear (= seem), be, believe, belong, cost, feel, forget, hate, have (= possess), know,
like, love, mean, need, prefer, realise, remember, see, seem, smell, sound, suppose, taste, think,

understand, want eto.
understand it now. NOT | aghundgstanding it now.

(O wine tne versio ns person gui

1. Imiss. He 4.1 fh He 7.1go. He
2.1buy. She 5. watch. She 8.1 dy. She
8. lcarry He 6.1call He 9.1 play. He

© over inte co column inthe person gui en soy hm.

after A, I, pl, it! after sl, I, A, 1d3/,12/ after other sounds

(O choose a ver trom the ist and complete the text. You may use the negative.

Sandra always 1) 7 early in the morning.
She2) breakfast for her husband and
children. Then she 3) the children ready
for school. The children 4) usually

easily and sometimes she 5)
atihem. They 6) to school with their
father who 7) a teacher. He 8)
never late for school, and when the children 9)

he 10) very angry,

The children 11) lessons every day
and they always 12) homework from
their teachers, but sometimes they 13)
i, When they 14) their homework, Sandra 15) them play with ther rend,

4

1. Present Simple - Present Continuous

(O Wow akan anor questions aout ex

eg. Does Sandra always get up early in the morning? ete

1. Does … Salyistento records? Yes, she does.
2 Saly read magazines?

3. Sal eat vegetables?

4 Sally watch TV?

5 Henry & Ann listen to records?

6. Henry 8 An rad magazines?

7 you eat vegetables?

8 you watch TV?

say

Henry & Ann

run, swim, dive, play lie, die, read, travel, cycle, put, rde.drink, write, fy, take, cut, sleep

1. Present Simple - Present Continuous

© esse avr tome tis an compete noe.

read, sleep, eat, sll, ry, drink, run, sing, play fish, sit

Laura 1). is sitting under a sunshade. Two boys 2) round a sandcast while their father
3) a newspaper. Tom
4 Coke, Two git
5) ice-cream while

their mother 6) along
withthe radio. Some boys 7)
football near a man

who 8) Jm
9 On is right baby
10) Some
people 11) past the

beach,

© tant anne qusion soit he txt hoe
Lampe tie Srs sng under umo, a

al the moment, tonight, every day, never, always, now

1.She never eats meat. She's a vegetarian. 4. She 9005 othe gym on Saturdays.
2. Mother is reading the newspaper 5. He drives to work
3. They are going to a party 6. She's playing he piano

(O rate vo in rates nto Present Simpl or reset Continuous

1.She studies... (study) every evening 5. Her husband never

2.He (dance) wih Mary now. (remember) her birthday

3. They (get) married next week. 6. We (watch) a fim on
4, She usually (take) the busto school. television at the moment

nt Continuous.

Chris is asking Kim about her holiday arrangements
1. Where... are... you... going? … (go)

2. How you there? (get)

3. What time the plane ? leave)

4. When it in Cairo? (ave)

5. Where you when you get there? (stay)
6. Why you to go there? (want)

7 you camera with you? (take)

1. Present Simple - Present Continuous

Caller: Good morning, 1). is. (be) Mr Green there?

Man: No, he 2) (nobbe) here. He à WHO ARE
3) (work) atthe moment,
He usually 4) (work) unt pam
Caller: What about Mrs Green? Where 5)
(be) she?
Man: She 6) (do) the shopping,
She always 7) (66) the
shopping on Thursday afternoons.
Caller: Where 8) (be) the children?
Man: They 9) (play) foot
They always 10) (play) football ater school
Caller: How 11) (youknow) al this? Who are you?
Man: 112) (be) the burglar!

‘Complete the dialogue using the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

‘A: Why 1) don't you finish. (youmnottnish)
yourhomework and come and watch TV?

B: Because 12)
{notunderstand) it. is too dificult

A: Why 3) (younov ask)
your teacher to explain it?

B : Because 4) (novike) him.

A: And why 5) (younot/ike) him?

B: Well,he6) (alwaysishout) at me.

A: Wty 7) (hershout at you?

B: Wel 18) (notwork) in class
and 9) (novdo) my homework.

‘A: Well. no wonder he 10) (shout at you. Give me your book now. Well ry and doit together.

(@ rue wos rates inte cores pio inte sentences.

1.1(A) always keep(B) my room ty. (always)

2. Do you (A) go (8) ‘on holiday in winter? (sometimes)

3.14) he (8) helps with the housework. (never)

4, She (A) plays (8) cards. (rarely)

5, Does he (A) vist (8) his friends? (often)

6, They (A) dont (8) eat sweets. (often)

7. We (A) eat (8) alt of vegetabies. (usualy)

8. You (A) must (8) tales. (never)

9. She (A) can (B) answer the teacher questions. (always)

7

Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple or Present Continuous.

y) (be) winter and the snow 2)
(fa). lt usually 3) (snow)
in January here. Bety and James 4)
(play) in he garden. They 5) (cuits)
(throw)
‘snowball. They 7) (ike)
the snow very much! Their mother and father
8) (movie) it. They
always 9) (stay in the house when it
“as. is cold. Mother usually 10)

A — CL (watch) TV and Father 11) (ten)
tothe radio or 12) (read) a book. At the moment they 13) (Si) in the ing

room. Mother 14) (wit) a letter and Father 15) (read) a book

Oral Activity 1

‘The teacher divides the class into two teams, Then students look at Ex. 16. Team A asks questions
while Team B, with books closed, tries to answer them. After five questions change the roles ofthe
teams. Each correct answer gets 1 pont. The team with the most pons is the winner.

Team ASt: Isitsummer? Team AS2: Does it snow in July?

Team B St: No, tion. Is winter Team B $2: No, doesnt. It snows in January etc

Oral Activity 2

‘The teacher divides the class into two teams and chooses a leader. He / She then gives the leader a
piece of paper with a key sentence on it. The leader looks at the key sentence and gives the class
Some hints about it. The teams ask questions in turn unti they find the key sentence. The team that
finds it firsts the winner.

(Key sentence : She i cleaning the floor) TeamBS!: Is she washing the dishes?
Leader It's a woman, She in the Kitchen. Leader: No, she isn.

Team À St : Is she cooking? Team AS2: Is she cleaning the floor?
Leader No, she isnt Leader: Yes, she is.

Team Ais the winner. The teacher chooses another leader and you can play the game again

Writing Activity 1 a
Write 4 things you usually, often, always do and another 4 you dont do

Writing Activity 2 <a
Find a picture from a magazine and wie what the people in it are doing at the moment.

- Present Perfect

TUR Past Simp!

Pen: writing novels?) [u writing novels Two years 290)
anything so far?) (Les my colour TY, all the fumiture,

1. for actions which happened at a 1. for actions which happened at an
In the past. inthe past.
He sold his car two weeks ago. He has sold his car. (When? We dont know)
(When? Two weeks 290)
2.10 express a or habit, 2.10 express actions which have | so
‘When she was young she lived in a small at. that there's evidence in the present
He has just painted the room.(The pant is we.)
3, for past actions which happened 3. for actions which started in the past and

‘She put on her coat, took her bag and eft the She has lived in this house lor wo years.
house. (She stil ives inthis house)
He lived in Australia for one year.
(He doesn't ive in Australia now)

for a past action whose time is not mentioned 4. for a past action whose time is not mentioned.

and itis with the present. butitis with the present.
| saw Eis Presley (I wont see him again; he's. Ive met Madonna. ( may meet her again; he's
dead, ~ period of ime now fished) stil ae. period of time not fished yt)

2. Past Simple - Present Perfect

Time adverbs and expressions Time adverbs and expressions
used with Past Simple used with Present Perfect :

yesterday, last weekimonthiyear/ Monday etc, … just, ever, never, always, already, ye, fo,
90, how long ago, ust now, then, when, since, so far, how long, recently, today, this
in 1980 etc. ‘week/monthiyear, once, several times etc.

(O 144-010 er and pt nonin te coe ou, en ren hem ou

cry, stay stop, hate, taste, prefer, ry, dance, lke, type, plan, annoy, destroy, pray, phone, beg, ty,
tip, play, study, travel, enjoy, empty, tidy

stopped cried stayed

(@ au ep veros ana pt nem nthe cor column, ten ed tem ot

add, wash, rain, need, help, want, count, rob, open, work, marry, close, love, end,
invite, laugh, hope, kiss

after Ud after 5,0, 1,1p1,) after other sounds

added worked opened

Special points
Since is used to express a starting point. le known Ann since Octobe.
For is used to express a period of time. Ive known Ann fortwo months.
Yet is used in questions and negations. Have you met him yet? haven't met im et.
Already is used in statements and questions. Ive already posted the eters.
dust + Present Perfect ve just called the doctor
Just now + Past Simple He let just now.

1.Johnhas just finished his homework, so his books are til onthe table.

2.1 haven't seen Sarah 1990.
3. Have you finished eating? | havent even started

4. We've lived here ten years.
5.Hes come back from jogging and he's a bit ted,

10

2. Past Simple - Present Perfect

Where your mum, Sue?) (She the hairdressers, Do you

He's gone to London. (He hasn't come back yet. Hei sil in London.)
He's been to Paris once. (He visited Paris. He's back now)[Present Perfect of the verb to go")
I've been in Athens fora month. ( am in Athens.) (Present Perle of the verb “to be")

Paul: Oh, yes.
Gina: Which places 1) have … you … been to. since you arrived?
Paul: Well, 12) Rome fortwo weeks now so 13) alotof

places, Ike the Colosseum, some museums and the Vatican

Gina : Where are your friends today?

Paul : Mark and Jim 4) travel agents to buy tickets forte plane and they
haven't come back yet. Mark says he 5) Rome too long. He 6)

Capri before but Jim and Sean 7) (ot) any islands, so

| thnk we wit goto Sardinia. Sean 8) the hotel to sleep.

Gina : Well, Im leaving now. My parents 9) the hospital to see my uncle. He
10) hospital fora week. See you later!

so far, how long, jus, for, since, how long ago, yet, this week, ago, just now, already

1. They got married a month … ago 7 have you been in Rome?
2.He hasn't called us 8. The boss came

3. ve had this car ayear. 9. Carol has been tothe cinema twice

4,He has left. 10. did he move house?
5. She's typed three letters 11. Ive studied Maths 1991
6. Shes cooked diner. 12, Peter has been here Sordock

"

1st Simple - Present Perfect

(@& Put ire verbs in brackets into Present Perfect or Past Simple

1.A: Howlong 1) have you had (you/have) your car?
8:12 (have) t since Christmas. 19) (buy) it rom my uncle,
2A: 4) (you see) tha fm before?
B: Yes,15) (see) when 16) (be) in London.
3.A: How long 7) (you be) it?
8:18) (be) il since 19) (cat) that meal
4.A: When 10) (Ann / move) into her new house?
B: She 11) (move) ina month ago. 112) (not vis) her yet
but 13) arrange) to meet her this week.

@ Purine vers m rates into Pas Simpl.

Many years ago people 1) believed. (believe) that

some women 2) (be) witches

These women 3) (movie) in big

cios, They 4) (ive) in smal vilages

People 5) (tiny they 6)

(behave) strangely because they 7)

(make) unusual medicines from pants and they 8)
(ta) ike other people. They

9) (say) that they 10)

(rovwal but hat they 11) (ty) on

trooms. Do you believe in wiches?

(O) askand answer bout Ana and yours sn he example:

never once sevraltimes recently many times

@ ruin roan imp ot rset Prec ds

11) have know (nom) Timmy fora long time. We always 2) LA
(pay) together. Timmy 3) (Votan) read or rte because À

ne 4) {naverbe) to school. He 5) (pave) long 2

brown hai since he was bom. He 6) (ive) in our house fr five

years. My parents 7) (take) care of him while | 8)
(be) at school. Timmy 9) (poto); actualy he

10) (nevermave) ajo. This 11) (notbe)

strange because Timmy 12) (be) my dog.

My best friend is called Alison. We 1) 17 (know) each other since we 2)

(be) five years old. We 3) (always / share) our problems and our troubles, but we 4)
{also / enjoy) good times together and 5) (spend) many

hours laughing together. We 6) (lve) next door to each other before Alison 7)
(move) to London. 18) (Vis) her many times since then.

She 9) (jst / buy) a new house but 10) (not see) it yet.

@ von presen. Present Cont and rasont Porco complete tt.

Dear Wada
My name)
N about
you avout te ada
“hotel reception

14)

13

2. Past Simple - Present Perfect

@ rate vrs in rates it Present Peres or Past Simpl

Mr Briggs is away on business and he is phoning
his wil to see how shes.
Mr Briggs: Helo, daring. How ar you? Is everything okay?
Mrs Biggs: Im fine. | 1) ve been (be) very busy since
you2) (eave).
Mr Briggs: What 3) (yout) sor?
Mes Briggs: 1 4) (do) the painting, 15)
(nen) the bookshet and 6) (build)
a cupboard. 17) (have) my haircut and
18) (g0) the dentist's. O,
and yesterday 19) (speak) oa buier about he garage.
Bigs: A builder? The garage? What 10) (happen) othe garage?
Mes Briggs: Wel, the garage wall 11) (a down wo days ago
Mc Briggs: WHAT?2222
Mis Biggs. 12) (1otrinish) yet. We, wal the neighbour 13)
(have) at accident. He 14) (ceive) ito the garage wall
Me Biggs: Ohno! He 15) (Hot rash) into my new car dd he?
Mrs Briggs: No! Your car 16) (be ie. Dont worry!

@ Put ine verbs in brackets into Past Simple or Present Perfect

1.A: Lastnight |. saw... (see) “The Bodyguard” atthe cinema.
B: Oh,! (already / see) it twice

2.A: Do you know that Mrs Jones (work) here for siteen years?

8: thought she (start) working here ten years ago.
3 (you / ever / meet) anyone famous?
B: Well | (see) Jane Fonda.

A: Really?! {meet her father, Henry Fonda, once. But he is dead now.

Yesterday | (leave) the house and

(Catch) the

tran, Then | (realise) that my keys (be) in the house,

Ohno! That (happen) to me before. What
1 (call) the locksmith,

1 (already / make) the beds and |

the floor, but | (not star) the ironing yet
Don't worry. (do) yesterday.

How long ago (you / begin) painting?

(you / do)?

(just sweep)

Ton years ago. | (recently / complete) a painting thatthe National

Gallery (ask) me todo a year ago,
Why are you so happy?
1 (just pass) my driving test!
(you ways / have) long hair, Julie?
No, when | was young my hair (be) very shor.

1

2. Past Simple - Present Perfect

9.A: On Monday my father (give) me £20,
8: Thats wonderful
A Noitisnt. 1 (already / spend) it

10.A: What (happen)? Why is the room ful of smoke?
BI (just/ cook) your dinner, dear.
A: Well, Im not that hungry.

Look at the pictures and the list of verbs, then fill in the blanks with Past Simple.

Tho men 1) . were at sea in a small motorboat. 12) torainandthe sea 3) very
rough. Suddenly the engine 4) The men 5) but they
8) (Cot start again. Then a huge wave 7) against the boat and the two
men 8) into the cold sea. Lucky there 9) aig ship nearby and the
captain 10) the two men. He immediately 11) some of his crew
to get a lifeboat and save the men, The crew in the feboat 12) the two men and
13) them onto ther ship. One of the crew 14) the men blankets and
15) them hot inks. When they 16) at the harbour
the two men 17) the captain ofthe ship and is crew for saving tei ives.
Oral Activity 3

The teacher divides the class into two teams and gives them a sentence. The teams in turn ask
questions based on the teacher's sentence. Each correct question gets 1 point. The team with the
most points is the winner.
Possible sentences : | bought her a present - went on holiday last summer
‘The policeman caught the burglar - She moved house, etc.
Teacher | went on holiday last summer. | Team BS1 : Did you enjoy i?
Team À S1 : — Where did you go? Team AS2: Where did you stay? et.

15

2. Past Simple - Present Perfect

‘The teacher divides the class into two teams and stats saying adverbs which take either Past Simple
or Present Perfect. The teams in turn make sentences using the adverbs. Each correct sentence gets
1 point. The team withthe most points isthe winner.

Teacher: just Team A $2: | went on an excursion last week.
Team A St : Ive just seen a cat Teacher: how long ago
Teacher: never Team B S2 : How long ago have you been in
Team B St : He's never travelled by Athens?

plane. Teacher: No! How long ago did you go
Teacher: last week to Athens? Team B doesn't get a point.

The teacher divides the clas into two teams and writes a ist of regular verbs on the board. The
teams in turn make sentences using verbs from the list in Past Simple. Each correct sentence gets 1
point, The team withthe most points is Ihe winner.
List: meet, drive, break, go, eat, drink, eave, buy, give, take,
write, read, lose, see, come, have, be, find, sing etc.

Team A S1 : I met Tom yesterday.

Team B St : He drove to work yesterday

Team À $2 : He broke an expensive vase las night, ete.

‘The teacher divides the class into two teams and writes alist of verbs on the board. The teams in turn
make up a story using verbs from the list in Past Simple. Each correct sentence gets 1 point. The team
wih the most points is he winner.
List: getup, eat, have, get dressed, leave, drive, arrive, be closed,
not know, get into, turn on, listen, ind out, be

Team AS1 : Philip got up at 7 o'clock yesterday morning.

Team B S1 : He ate his brealdas!

Team AS2: Then he had a shower etc.

|

Use the verbs from te list in Oral Actviy 6 and write a story.

|

Write 5 sentences saying what you have done or havent done today.

\Write a paragraph about what you did yesterday. (60 - 80 words)

16

3. Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons

Lo Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons

Tcan't ewiml | can't swim (Go what? Why are you so desperate? [can
play the piano but I'm not shouting

Adjectives Adverbs
‘Adjectives describe nouns ; they say “what Adverbs describe verbs; they explain how
‘nouns. Adjectives have the same (adverbs of manner), where (adverbs of place),
form in both singular and plural number and en (adverbs of time) or how often (adverbs
‘normally come before nouns and after ‘of frequency) something happens.
‘That cas fast. (What kindof car? fast one.) He dives carelessly. (How does he dive?
She's got three lovely cas Careless)

We usually form an adverb by adding -y to an adjective. eg. slow - slowly. Some adverbs are the
same as their adjectives: hard, fast, early, dally, late, monthly. eg. He runs fast. He is a fast runner.
Some adverbs are irregular. eg. good - well

(E) ite the correct adverbs.
y xa ly consonant +x amily
wide widely possible busy
dangerous simple heavy
sad tere happy

@ ati oras om ne ten int the coc cum.

bad, wel, early, angrily, easily noisy, quick, quietly, dally, tidy, carelessly, slowly, hard,
late, large, monthly, careful, happily

Adjectives Adverbs Adjectives & Adverbs
bad angrily well

7

3. Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons

@ ruin artos rom he soto into cores column,

always, yesterday, on Sunday, here, last year, easily now, usually, often,
there, away, everywhere, happily, carefully, seldom, badly

Order of Adjectives

1. “Opinion” adjectives (bad, good etc) go before “fact” adjectives (old, red eto).
She bought a beautiful red cess.

2. When there are two or more “fact” adjectives, they go in the following order
size age shape colour origin material noun
Thisisa age old rectangular brown French wooden bed

@ ruine cios inn ight ore

1. anewiwoollen/red/smarthat ..a smart new red woollen hat
2. a(n) modern/uxurioustalian car

3. two silvlongflue/beautitul dresses

4. a pair of leatheroldbrown shoes

5. a(n) stone/Engishismalvchurch

6.a greeniantasti/Japanesellarge motorbike

7. a(t) oldEnglstheavy dictionary

8. aplasticbluafitie spoon

9. a new/woodenflack/hugel armchair

10. a goldtiny/round/Russianicoin

Order of Adverbs

1. Adverbs of frequency (often, usualy etc) go after auxiliary verbs but before main
verbs. eg. She is never ale. He never comes late.

2. When there are more than two adverbs, 3. When there isa verb of movement, then
they go inthe following order: the order is:

manner place time place manner time
She sat laziy by the pool all day. Hewalks home quickly every afternoon,

18

3. Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons

3 Undertine the correct word, adjective or adverb

1. The children played quiet / quiet. 5. Have you seen Rebecca recent / recently?
2. twas raining heavy / heavily yesterday 6. He's a slow / slowly rumer.

3. She gave ita careful / carefully look 7. She sings good / wel.

4, She speaks perect/ perfectly German. 8. She bought a nie / nicely dress.

© onto setences inn cores oder

1. he wentin the momningto schoolby bicycle He went: to
2. at breaklas/icrink cofe/aays

3. goes to work businever/Sam

4. at schoolyesterdayhardi worked

5. his booksloften/orgeis/Tom

6. uiety/someone knocked/at minighuat the door

7. for an hourlin the queuelpatientyhe waited

8. he goeslften/abroadion business

9. rarelysee foxesiyouí these woods

ool by bicycle in the morning,

Comparisons

Did you catch any big fish today? Fishing is not allowed here and Tm
the warden, you know.

Adjectives of: Positive Comparative Superlative
one syllable tal tale (than) the tallest (on)

two syllables. happy happier (than) the happiest (on)
ending in-er,-y,-y,-w friendly friendlier (than) the finalist otin)
two or more modern more modern (han) the most modern (tin)
syllables beautiful e a DO)

3. Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons

Spelling
‘Adjectives ending in:

QUE x em lor est ‘one strossod vowel betwoon two
‘consonants - double the consonant

large-arger-largest heavy-heavier-eaviest big-bigger-biggest

thinner... thinnest

4. dangerous

Comparison of Adverbs
Positive Comparative Superlative
adverbs with the same
form as adjectives
two-eyllable adverbs ending in-ty early carer the cares!
two-syllable or en
compound (acjechve + 4)
adverbs (cear-cleary)

fast faster the fastest

more often the most often
clearly more clearly the most clearly

(O) run ne aks wi te cot comparative and spe tons
ame Fan

Irregular Forms 2) further farther (ad) longer in distance)

Positive Comparative Superlative have to wale further farther han im.
further (ad) = more

goodel beter best Porter oman, se te secta

badhady worse worst
much more most D) very + positive degree
manylalotof more most much + comparative degree
lite less least Its very col today.

far furtherfarther furthestfarthest Its much colder here than in Athens

3. Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons

(69) Fi in ine blanks with the correct comparative and superlative forms.
1.008 worse... worse... 6 good

2 gently 7. funny

a many use

4e sad

5.clever t0.tar

Fill in the blanks as in the example :

5 ent on holiday last year butt was a disastr! My hotel
room was 1) smaller than (small the one in the photograph
in the brochure. | think it was 2) (smal) room

the hotel, The weather was terrible too. It was.

3) (cold) in England. The beach near the hotel

was very dity~itwas 4) (diny) allthe beaches

on the island, The food was 5) (expensive)

N expected and I didn't have enough money. One day I

went stopping in a big department store and | broke a vase.

twas 6) (expensive) vase. the whole

shop. But 7) (bad) thing allwas that |
lost my passport and I couldn't go back home. I was 8)
(horible) hoiday my.

the blanks as in the example:

Me Im happy Im nat a woman! They are 8) (sensible)
W: Why? (pracica)
Me Men are 1). better than (good) women, men are - and men are
We But you are 2) 10) (bad)
(stupa) person | know! la divers than women because
MM: Dont be horbe. Men are women are 11)
3 {patent
(rtligen) women. À M: Butmen are 12)
They are 4) W
(ogica and 5) (athe).
(good) cooks ; W: Oh, pease. Lets
women are! I takabout
Ws: Yourideas are 6) somthing ese. This is
13)
(oldtashioned) mino. ink
women are 7) (cover. (ciiclous) conversation | have ever had!

3. Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons

@ Fin: very or muet

London is becoming a 1)... very... popular place for American tourists, Al the big atracions are now
a busy inthe summer months, The crowds of tourists around places Ike Buckingham Palace
are 3) bigger than they were a few years ago. Sales of postcards and other souvenirs are
4 higher now than in past years. This i 5) (good news forthe British tourist industry.

@ wit serene sin example comparing te io

fast cheap dangerous big expensive
safe small attractive slow comfortable

1.BMW.: | think a BMW. is more comfortable than a Volkswagen. | don't think it's the
most attractive of all though.

2, Mercedes

3. Ralls Royce

4. Fat

5. Jaguar

6. Vokswagen

‘Types of Comparisons

‘The red bookisas old as Theringisless expensive The more he eats,
the blue book butitisn’t than the necklace. The earrings ne fatter he gets.
as thick asthe blue one, — are the least expensive ofall,

1.28 (positive). as Paulisas heavy as Tom.
positive). as ‚Jane snot as so tallas Mary

2. less (positive). than Betty is less hard-working than Kate
the least (positive). on but Jeans the east hard-working of al.

3.ihe + comparative... the + comparative The harder you work, the more money you earn.

3. Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons

1. (fat slow) Peteris a
faster swimmer than
Paul Maryisnt as fast
46 Paul.Sheis the
slowest swimmer ofall

2. (long) The dog has got
ears
the cat. The cats
ears aren't
the dogs. The rabbit
has got
ears al.

$ 3 (neap/epenshe) re 4. (09 /smal bis

green hat is a butte but
the red ‘a goat.

hat. The yellow hats A buttery isnt
the green hat but bird. A butterfly
is al.

SE theredhatis
al

1. heavy, dangerous, fierce, fast
An elephant is heavier than a tiger.
An elephant is less dangerous than a tiger.
Atigeris … flercer than an elephant.
An elephantisnt as fast as a tiger
2. expensive, cheap, slow, comfortable
Acaris
bicycle is
Acarisnt

Abicycle is

8S 3 din friendly intligent, noisy
$4 f Aratis
Aratis
| das se
y A0 Artist

3. Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons

(@ write comparisons for the following as in the example;

1. Snakes are dangerous. ...Yes, but tigers are more dangerous,
2. Spain is a hot county

3. Pears are expensive

4. Dogs are inteligent.

5. Greek is a difiui language.

6. Traveling by bus is sale.

Oral Activity 7

The teacher vides the clas ino two teams and writes a list of adjectves on the board, Then he / she
asks the students to look atthe pictures and compare items from A with items from B using the adjectives
on the board. Each correct sentence gets 1 point. The team withthe most points is the winner.

List : expensive, intelligent
beautiful, sh

Team A St : À chairis less comfortable than an armohai
Team B St : Tigers are more dangerous than snakes,
Team AS2: Jane has got shorter hair than Jil, et:

Writing Activity 6 =

Use the adjectives hard-working, funny, tal, polie, tienly, young, athletic and helpful and
compare yeurse to your tend.
eg. Im more athlete than my ind, te

4. Will - Be Going To

2 win - Be Going To

In that case
r my,
husband.

(Good idea. He
worried if you don’t phone hit

Bp

‘Oh nol i's not thatl
him to bring my nightclothes here for me.

We use will and

1.10 talk about things we are
we haven't decided yet.
IM probably buy a new car (m not sure yet)

2. to express

tc. especialy with:
expect, hope, believe, Im afraid, Im sure,
1 know, think, probably etc.
think it will be sunny tomorow. (preichon)

3. to express a prediction ora future action or

event which may or may not happen.
1 think you wil pas the test. (reden)

He wil be twenty next year. (ture event)
She will probably phone iter. precicion)

about or

to talk about the future,

1.10 tak about things we are sure about or we
have already decided to do in the near future.
l'm going to buy anew car. (ve decidi)

2.10 express and plans.
Now that Ive got the money, Im going to buy a
‘ew dress. (ntenbon)

I'm going to get some more training so | can
get a beter ob. (plan)

3. when we (evidence) that something
is going to happen.
Watch out! We're going to have an accident
(We can see a car coming)
IV going to rain, (We can see dark clouds in
the sky)

tomorrow, tonight, next week monthiyear, in two days, the day after tomorrow, soon, ina

‘weekimonth et.

25

4. Will - Be Going To

ill in: will or be going to, then identify the speech situations (sure, not yet sure).

1. nob yet sure 2

1... will move... (move) into He (play) They
abetterhouse fl getajob. tennis. (probabiybuy) anew car.

1 think he (be) They He
angry when he sees the cat. (ight). (take) a picture.
will Shall
is used to express predictions, warnings, offers, promises, is used with or We in questions,
threats, requests, suggestions, on-the-spot decisions, suggestions and offers.

opinions, hopes and fears (especially with words such as: — Shall we go by train? (suggestion)
think, expect, suppose, hope, believe, know and probably). Shall help you with your bags?
| expect she will come early. (preston) (ote

© rune vont or a.

Lany: 1). Shall. we go fora picnic tomorrow?

Sue: Yes. That a good idea 12) make some sandwiches.
Larry: OK And 13) bring some lemonade.
Sue: 4) I buy some cheese?
Lary: dont really tke cheese.
Sue: 15) buy any cheese then. 16) bring some fut instead
Lamy: think it7) be sunny tomorrow so 18) probably wear my short.
19) take a pullover
‘Sue: Well, thnk 110) take mine. ti sil old inthe mornings.
Larry: 11) Limite Bob and Linda?
‘Sue: That's a good idea. 112) be rice if they come,

4. Will - Be Going To

1. We use Present Continuous rather than “be going to" for things which are definitly
arranged to happen in the future.
They're having a party next week. (sal arrange. invitations have already been set)
They're going to have a party in two weeks. (They've decided it butt hasni been arranged yet)

2. We use Present Simple for timetables, programmes etc. Our plane leaves at 10.30 am.

3. We do not use the Future tense after the words while, before, untl, as soon as I!(conditioal)
‘and when (time conjunction). However, we can use when + ill if when Is a question word.
Call me when you arrive, BUT ‘When will you be ready?

Study these points:

4. With the verbs go and come we often use Present Continuous rather than “be going to”.
[rm going out tonight. RATHER THAN m going to go out tonight.

@ Fin in Present Cont. or be going to, then identity the speech situations.
fied ar

ngement - something already decided

1. fixed arrangement 2. 3

She is getting married They They (rave)
(gevmarried), (getmamied) dinner at home.
5 6
He's brushing his teeth. He She She
(have) an early night. (telephone) the dents. (see) the dentist tomorrow.

(@ Purine vrs in brackets into Present Simple or Future Sim

1.We will leave (leave) as soon ashe arrives (arive)
2.Hesayshe (telephone) us before he (leave) the airport.
3. She (stay) at home until she (lel) better.
4 Wen (youNisit) them?" “Probably next week”

27

4. Will - Be Going To

5. When he (finish) schoo! he (90) o university.
61 (send) you a posteard as soon as | (get) there.
7. When (shebe) back? — 8. The plane (leave) at 7.00,

(E waren ne samencs wih he pures on et the speech autos.

1. write o you every day! 6. Shall do the washing-up?
2. Look at that tree! I's going to fall down. — 7. Put on your coat or you! catch cold!
3. love cooking. Im going to bea chef. — 8. Finish your homework or won't ake you tothe 200.
4. He's going to paint his house. 9. Robots will do the housework in the futur.
5. have two cheeseburgers for lunch.

intention, promise, evidence, prediction, offer, threat, warning, on-the-spot decision

1... Intention à

He's going to paint his
house.

4. Will - Be Going To

@ wie sertences using be going to Present Continous or resent atc.

x on
(a ma spect) Q

1. He's going to make a

{hey some flowers)
10. #1 12

Will - Be Going To

(On: it sing

Julie is planning her summer holiday

11) ‘m going to. spend my holiday in Crete because theres alot
to se0.12) travel there by tery because | enjoy
boat trips. Im not going on my own; my best friend 3)

come wth me and think my cousin 4) come too
ask her. We 5) stayin Hania for two week, then
es) go Somewhere ese. hope we 7)

finda hotel easily but there any problem, we 8)

slay ata campsite. We 9) swim every day sol
10) take alot of suntan ol with me - think we
m) need it | am looking forward 1 this
holiday. Im sure it 12) be the best holiday ever.

{heard on TV lastnight that Portsmouth Council 1)… is going to build a new swimming poo inthe
centre of town. They 2) start work in July an the pool 3)

probably be finished by September. The Mayor sad, ‘Tm sure the people of Portsmouth 4)

welcome the new pool. hope they 5) understand the temporary problems which
5 be caused in the centre of town” The opposition leader does not seem to like
the idea. He 7) organise a protesto stop he council wasting public money, and
he believes thatthe majority of the peopl ving in Portsmouth 8) suppor him.

@ rate vers nbrackets no Presents, Present Cot ro gong

1. John sa student, He usually Studies … (study) very hard. He
(study) Ancient History now. He (study) Modern History next year.
2. Jui and Ted often (climb) mountains. They (climb) Snowdon
atthe moment. They (cli) the Eiger next summer.
3. Mother (work) inthe garden now. She (work) inthe garden every Saturday.
Next Saturday she (plan) a beautiu new fruit tree

(69) Fi in: sha, wil or be goi

1. A: What do you want for lunch?
Be think11) will... have chicken and some sala.

2. A: John has come back from England
B: know. 12) see him tonight.

3. A: haven't got any money.
8:13) lend you some if you want met.

4. Will - Be Going To

4. A:Benand14) get married in Apr
B: Really? Congratulations!
5.45) we meet on Sunday?
B: Sorry, but 16) visi my aunt. She is expecting me.
6. A: ls Dave coming to the party?
B: Yes, buthe 7) probably be late.
7. A: Laura is in hospi
8: Really? 18) send her some flowers.
8. A: Have you decided where to go on holiday?
8 Yes, 19) travel round Europe.
9. A: The plants need watering
BI know. 10) water them later

(@ write what David's plans are for next week. Then write about your plans.
David

dès dde
Tuesday: comeettests 2

David is going to do his shopping on Monday.

1
SS?
Wednesday: buyanewshit > 2
Thursday: gotothegym 25 4.
Friday: visitHelen > 5.
Saturday: haweapary > 6.
Sunday: walchTV 7
You
Monday: tidy my room … > 1. .Imgoing to tidy my room on Monday.
Tuesday #2 2
Wednesday: 2 à
"Thursday: 4
Dre 6
Saturday: Ss
Sunday er

(@ Purine eos in braces no Present on, resent be ging tr wi

Sam: 1)... Shall we go... (welgo) tothe cinema?

aie: Somy | cant. 12) (90) out with Peter tonight. He 3)
(pick) me up at & o'clock.

Sam: 14) (go) on my own then, or maybe 15)
(cng) Sue to se if she 6) (want) to come.

Claire: Thats a good idea. 7) (youlgo othe cinema in Green Street?
18) (think) "Batman is on there

s1

4. Will - Be Going To

Sam: Yes, 19) (probabiyigo) there. 110) (phone)
and see what time the film 11) (star,

Put the verbs in brackets into Present S., Present Cont. or Future tense.

Gary:What 1)... are you planning (youlplan) to do
after the exams? 2)
(oulstay) in London?

Angela: No, 13) (leave) on Saturday
Te bought my ticket already. 14)
(Vii) my brother in Wales. What 5)

(you'do)?
Gary: think 16) (stant looking fora
jb. 17) (need) some extra

money because my mum 8)
(come) herein August. She 9)
(stay) with me for a month. | 10)
(plan) to show her London.

‘Angela: When exactly 11) (shelarve)?
Gary: Her fight 12) (arrive) at
Heathrow airport at 4:30 p.m. on August rd. |
13) (meet) her there
‘Angela: You've missed her lo, havent you?
Gary: Yes. 114) (look forward) to seeing her
Oral Activity 8
Look atthe following grid
Where When | How | What youthey are going o do'see.
You |
Vour friend | [

Using Ex. 53 as a model, students work in pairs and plan their holiday including where, when, how they
are going and what they are gong to doisee.

The teacher moves round the class and helps students plan their trips. After 4-5 minutes some
students tll the class about their plans and their partners plans.

Writing Activity 7
Write a letter o your uncle about a trip you are planning t take. (40 - 60 words)

32

Revision Exercises I

Le) Revision Exercises |

(ED choose the correct item.

1. Wnatare you cooking? It. B. veynicel 6.1 Eis Presley in 196,
A\issmeling Bismels —C)smet A)have seen B)saw Cjamseeig

2. John very hard atthe moment. 7. We aways fshon Fridays.
A worked Bihasworkeg C)isworkng A) are goingo eat B) eat Cals

a ‘hep you cary those bags?" 8.“Wny have you go those lowers”

“Ves, pease” Because | my aut in hosp
AShal BW Co A) wil vist B) am going to vt) sit
a ‘anewbikelast week, 9. The chen played inthe garden
A bought 8) have bought C) wily Alhappy Bihappier C)hapniy
5 They in England for weny yeas. 10. The bigger theca, the itis,
A)atelvng Bi Chaines Ajfast Bjfastest Chtaser

(E) Find the mistake and correct it.

1. We arb-eding swimming on Saturdays yo
2.1 have writen a book last year.
3. My bag is heaviest than yours
4. Look out! The wal wil fll down,
5. Will we go lo the beach tomorrow?
6. He have seen that fm three times.
7.1 have been a teacher since three years
8. Helen isnot here, She's been tothe cinema.
9. We drove slow through the heavy af.
10.The more you study, the best your results willbe.

His (1)... Very. interesting to go on safari in Africa where

its2) hotter than in other countries. There's also
a3) greater variety of animals to see, Lions are
4) large animals but elephants are 5)

bigger. Elephants dont often run 6) fast but they're
7) stronger than lions, Graffes are 8)

taller than ons or elephants and they can run 9)

fast to. its 10) better to see animals in the jungle
than inthe 200!

33

Revision Exercises I

price: £18,000 price: £7,000 price: £19,000
speed: 110 mph speed: 90 mph speed: 130 mph
se: medium sze: small size: large
petrol consumption: average petrol consumption low Perl consumption: high
made in 1980 made in 1987 made in 1982
Toni cris 1) more expensive than John's (expensive) but Carl caris2)
al (expensive). Tom's car isnt 3), Carols car (big). Carts cars 4)
al (big). Caras cas 5) al (modem). John’s cars 6) a
(old) Toms caris 7) Carols (economical but John's is 8) al
(economica). John's car sn) Toms (as) his 10) Toms
(Som). Carts cars 11) al (as) butitis 12) al (economical

(@ Put ine veros in brackets into Past Simple or Present Perfect

1. A: How long 1) have you lived (youl) in America?

8:12) (come) here in 1990.
2. A13) (justinish) my composition
B: Really? 4) (vit) mine yesterday evening
3. A15) (notisee) you for years! When 6) (youtleave) school?
B: Last year 17) (star) university last September.

(O si: at vito oigo
An ga No ones mare,

hand pr elos od net on
rr a agg fo ee
denota

Helen: Wel, 13) take the children o school in § minutes.
Then |) ‘come back and help you. 5)
| pack your clothes?

Alan: Okay, thanks. 16) get washed and shaved.
Helen: 7) you ive into town tis morning?
Alan: Yes, 18) collect my ticket in about an hour.
Helen: 9) you get some mik? Alan 10)

a cake ths afternoon

Revision Exercises I

(O min haanav von inte nashave gone to

1.A:1) Have you ever been to France? London for the day
8: No, | havent, but ke Lo go. B: And you got stuck in a trafic jam, didnt you?
2. A: Do you know where Mum is? 4.A: Im afaid Sue and Pam can't come wi us.
B: think she 2) the postofce They 4) vist their grandmother
to get some stamps. B: She 5) hospital for a long
3. A: Sorry were late. We 3) time, hasn't she?

(O complete te text using sine orto

Maria has Ived in England 1) since 1988. She has been married to James 2) four years. She has
known him 3) 1987 when they met in Paris. They have Ivedin central London 4)... two years.
They have Ived at thei present address 5) last summer. Mara has worked for he French Embassy
5 rine months. James and his family have run a small hotel in the heart of London 7)

many years. James has been the manager 8) ‚Christmas, when his father retired. Maria and
James have saved alt of money 9) last year, so they are planning to go on a trip to France.

‚John: Helo, Gary Where 1) are you going (yougo)?
Gary: To the sports ente. ve got a football aning session. Our

team 2) (go) to France next week. We
3 (leave) on Wednesday,
John: Oh, that 4) (be) great! How 5)
(youlget there?
Gary: We) (travel) on the ferry. 117)
(leave) at 5 dock in he morning,
John: How long 8) (youstay) in France?
Gary: About a week. We 9) (Play) four matches.
The first one 10) (slat) at3 dock on

Wednesday afternoon, andthe last one 11)
(fnish) a 5 O'iock on the following Tuesday.

John: Do you think you 12) (win)?
Gary: Yes, but have to go now. The coach 13)
(shout) at me fm late for training. 114) (em
you al about it when 1 15) (get) back.

@ ui yo ea jus go si, trato

Revision Exercises I

5, Dont eat that cake! Ive made it and its stil hot.
6. My sister has been at university sx months

7. have you known John and Susan?

8. Haven't you typed those letters ‘71 need them now.

9. She's ‘leaned the house and is only 9 clock in Ihe morning.
10. haven't watched TV. my set broke down,

Fill in Present S., Present Cont., Past S., Present Perfect or will.

Petor 1) 16. (be) one of my best friends. At the moment he 2) (stay) with my
family in London. 13) (know) him since | 4) (be) a ite gi when we
5) (play) together ater school. Now Peter 6) (look fora job in
London, He 7) (usas) his exams and 8) (want) to be a
journalist. Tomorrow he 9) (have) an interview. hope he 10) (get) the job!

(@ Put the words inthe correct order to make sentences.

{never he his wies iy orgets He never forgets his wife's birthday.
2. usual/she /wake up early / doesnt

3. always he hast travel abroad / wanted

4. rarely heat night goes out

5. they / always /do/can/ anything they want

@ tin Presents, Present Cont Pests, Present Pots, wl ob gong

My cousin name 1) 5 (be) Syve Dupont. She
2) (ive) in Paris and 3) (wor ina
cate inte centra otr city, Sh ()
(wrk there for thee years. the moment he best end
from England) (say) with ha. She
8) (enjoy) her hoiday very much. They
7 (areadyhsi) many museums
together and they 8) (be tothe theatre
thee times, Next week they 9) (ses)
Sim and then they 10) (have) diner at an
expensive restaurant Lat Tuesday hey 11)
(90) to a disco with some friends of theirs. They 12)
(roticome) home un very lato Syhie

1 (be) so red at work the foloning day
that she 14) (sil) cos al vera
customer. She doesn think she 15) (se)
him atthe café again In future sho 16)

(roy out so ate and she 17)
(be) more caret whe she serving customer.

5. Present Perfect Continuous

I have been working
You have been working
He has been working
She has been working

It has been working

We have been working
You have been working
‘They have been working

Short form
Ive been working.

fee, Mum. They

Have been working?
Have you been working?
Has he been working?
Has she been working?
Has it been working?
Have we been working?
Have you been working?
Have they been working?

Haven't you been working?

No,

are in my pocket!

1have not been working
You have not been working
He has not been working
She has not been working
thas not been working

We have not been working
You have not been working
‘They have not been working

Short form
I haven't been working

Tim: Holo Joe. What +) have you been doing
Gouto}?
doe:12) (Play tenis
with Helen

Tim: Who is Helen?
Joe: She's my new gittiend. 13)
(90) out with her fortwo weeks.
Tim: Does she ive here?
Joe: Yes, she 4)
here for two months,

(ive)

Tim: Why haven't met her?
oe: Because she 5)
home early and she 6)
(come) back ate every day forthe
last six weeks,
Tim: Why 7)
os: Because she 8)
(look fr) a job.
Tim: | must meet her some time.
Joe: Wel t's algo out together tomorrow then,

(eave)

(sheldo) that?

37

5. Present Perfect Continuous

1. for actions which started in the past and

continue 2

er

I've been packing my case all morning.
(im il packing)

2. for past actions of certain duration which
have or effect in the

They have been walking in the rain.
(Meyar wet)

3.10 express »

Has the dog been chewing on my sippers?
(showing anger)

4.to put usually with
I've been typing letters since 9 lock.

With the verbs live, feel and work we can

use either Present Perfect or Present Per.

Cont. with no difference in meaning.
‘ve been living in London fora year
or Ive lived in London fora year.

1. for actions

ve packed my case,
(ve just fished)

2.for a

's which happened at an

Ld

‘She has done a lt of shopping

3.10 express personal or
which have happened.

ve put on a lot of weight

4.0 put
I've only typed thre letters since 9 o'clock.

Non-continuous verbs are not used in Present
Perfect Cont. (know, believe,
, want etc)
lve known her since 1985,
(NOT : ve been knowing

5. Present Perfect Continuous

for, since, how long just, ever, never, always, already, yet, for,
since, so far, how long, recently, today, this
weekimonthiyear, once, ete,

Identify the speech situations, then complete the sentences.

recently completed action, emphasis on number, unstated time, anger or annoyance,
‘emphasis on duration, personal experience, visible results

1. visible results 2

1 have been painting She
(paint) my room ustgot married). (pay) tennis,

(you'cook) She (have) He (be) 0
again? haircut Afica.

They (bay) He She
a pet dog (vito) three leters. (vito) letters al morning,

39

5. Present Perfect Continuous

(@ Purine verbs in braces nto Present erect o Present Peris Continuous

1. A: Tim very red,
B: Thats because you 1) have been working (work) too hard
A: know, Butat least | 2) (finish) my composition.
2. A: You look ho. What 3) (you'do)?
8:14) (play) tennis with Sarah
A Ohyes.15) (see) her play before, She's good. int she?
B: Yes, she is. She 6) (beat) me fve times since the start of he summer.

Butte ers in brackets It Prsen Part or Present Peris Continuous

Pam: What are you doing, Ben?

Ben: 11) Ve been looking through (ook trough) my
Ok toy box all moming. I brings back os of memories. Look
12) (ind) my ol train set

Pam: You 3) (play) with those trains for over
an hour. 14) (watch) you

Ben: Theyre great! 15) {nobhave) so much

fun fr years. Look at his one!
Pam: Yes, Ben isa very nie tran. But 6)
(you'see) what time itis?

Ben: No. Why?
Pam: Its 10.30. Your boss 7) ustohone) from
the of.
Ben: Why?
Pam: He 8) (wait) for you ll morning. You have an important meeting.

Ben: Oh no! | thought it was Sunday!

(O rin ine inks win tor or since

Tom and Mary have been bling a house 1) for two years. They
have been creaming o finishing 12) last summer but they
have been having problems 3) a ew months because of he À
‘eater. In fac, thas been ring and snowing 4) ‘October
0 they haven't been abl o put the ro! on yet. This weekend hey are
trying to putin the windows. They hav oly been working 5)

8 ook but hey el ike they been ding it 6) hours
because itis very fut. They have been saving up 7) along
time but they haven't been able o hire any workmen yet. Tom has
been looking fr an evening ob 8) a week and Mary has
been working overtime 9) Christmas, so they withave MEN
enough money soon They havent been going ut 10) they =
State saving ut when the house is rished they are going to have a big party to celebrate.

4

5. Present Perfect Continuous

Oral Activity 9

The teacher divides the cass into two teams. Students look
al the picture andthe teacher introduces Mr May (Mr May is
a strange old man. He doesn't like changes. He has been
doing the same things for years.) Then, looking atthe lst
‘of verbs and using the picture as a stimulus, students, in
tum, suggest what Mr May has been doing. The team which
cannot give a sentence or makes a mistake doesn't get a
point The team with the most points is the winner

List of verbs : read, wear, collet, drink, play live, et.

‘The teacher gives an example and students start Ihe game.
Teacher: He has been collecting butters for ten years
Team À St: He has been reading the same newspaper for

hit year.
Team B St: He has been ving in the same house for ty
years. ete

Oral Activity 10

3 months ago

Kole Alan Beth Kate
‘Students compare both pictures, then comment on the frst one. eg. Tom didn't have a beard three
months ago. Jane was fat. etc. Then students look al the second picture and say what has happened
since then. eg, Tom has grown a beard, Jane has lost weight ee.

A

Weite a tler oa friend tling him/her about th things that have changed in your le over the last year.

a

6. Past Continuous - Used To - Was Going To

—r

Past Continuous - Used To - Was Going To

How did the thief get away? him when he suddenly
him while to get away, ran into the cinema.

Long form Short form

1 was helping Was helping? 1 was not helping | wasnt helping
You were helping Wereyouhelping? Youwerenothebping You werenihelping

He washelping Washehelping? Hewas not helping He wasn't helping et.
She was helping Wasshe helping? She was not helping

Itwas helping Was it helping? Itwas not helping

We were helping Were we helping? We were not helping

You were helping Wereyouhelping? Youwerenotheping | Wasnt helping?

They were helping Were they helping? They were not helping Werent you helping? etc.

while when as

Past Continuous versus Past Simple

1. for an action that was: 1. for an action ata stated time in
ata stated time in the past. the past.

AA o'clock last ight she was watching TV. He finished his homework at 7 ook.

6. Past Continuous - Used To - Was Going To

2.for two or more actions which were 2. for actions which happened one after another
‘happening atthe same time in the past ( )

‘Tey were dancing wie ho was playing ho guitar. He sipped, fell over and broke his ankle.

3.ora past action which was 3. with appear (= seem),
when another action interrupted it. We use believe, belong, cost, feel, forget, hate, have
Past Continuous for theinterrupted action and (= possess), know, lie, love, mean, need,
Past Simple for the action which interrupts it. preer, realise, remember, see, seem, smell,

sound, suppose, taste, think, understand,

want ete

He was painting to bedroom when suddenly he He wanted 10 buy a new sports car but he couldnt
fell ofthe adder. atfrd one

4.10 describe the tothe events 4 for past actions which
ina story. Shakespeare wrote a to lys.
Vie were walking inthe woods. twas raining hard... (Shakespeare is dead. He won! wite any mare)

Identity the speech situations, then write sentences as in the example:

action in the middle, simultaneous actions, sequence of actions, completed action, interrupted
action, non-continuous verb, action which won't happen again
1. action in the middle 2

(at 11 oclock/ sleep) They (wash upfeed the dogían hour ago) (lat night&knivwatch TV)
were sleeping at 11 o'clock

43

6. Past Continuous - Used To - Was Going To

(cookyesterdayrourn his fingen) (aughcry yesterday morning) (chickentasteaulyestrday)

is used to express fixed arrangements in the past, unutfiled plans or an action
Which someone intended to do in the past but didnt do.

He got up early. He was going to catch the 6 clock train. (eed arrangement in ho past)

She was going to travel around Europe but she didnt because she fel il (utile plan)

‘She was going to buy a new car but inthe end she repaired her old one.

(She intended to buy aca but she didn.)

(O) wie what as going to nappen but am

1. Shewas going tobuya 2 3
deso. but aie stole her bag

but he was to late. butt blew up.

“4

6. Past Continuous - Used To - Was Going To

Using the notes fist tak about the picture, then write a paragraph
— Mary and George - dane - wile mul ly
ej com loud. Bob and Ben - drink Coke - while Kristi -
on
R RV) cat sandwiches. Ted and Steve sing. Alex
WG | clean - while dog bark. James - sleep on the
SA sota while Sheila try - wake him up. Edward
ad Lucy - nigh, Susan - bring cots, Ce
ine gerd
enters
They were having a party when the doorbell
rang. Peter opened the door and an angry
policeman entered the room. Mary and
George were dancing while

is used to talk about Ithas the same form in all persons, singular and

plural. It forms its negative and interrogative form with
1used to cry when Iwas a baby! did use to sleep late. Did you use to sleep late?

Look at the pictures and write what Helen used or didn't use to be or have.

Then Now
N MA
Ù ÉS

1. Helenusedtobe fat. 2 shorthair. 3,

She didn't use to be thin.
She is thin now.

6. Past Continuous - Used To - Was Going To

(O ret say and nen une wha you vedo an us odo when you were ie.

Last night 11) had. (have) a wonderful dream.
This is what 2) (dream). We 3)
(take) a trip to Hawa | 4) (be) with my
ami and two of my fiends. We 5) (be)
‘ona ship and we 6) (travel to
Honolulu. On the ship there 7) (be) a
disco. We 8) (si) on nice como:
able seats and we 9) (Gein) exotic
juices. Lots of people 10) (dance)
and the music 11) (play) loudly. We
12) (have) alt of fun! When the
ship 13) (arrive) in Honolulu a man 14) (wat) o take us to our hotel. The hotel
where we 15) (stay) was by a beach lined with palm trees, Drums 16) (beat)
and people onthe beach 17) (sing) and 18) (dance) to the music. The
music 19) (get) louder and touder until! 20) (can) hear a ringing in my
cars. 21) (be) my alarm clock! 22) (be) 7 o'clock and time to get up for school

ie! ing (vit)

Dear eter, ber hat happened tome st nee) Was toe re
epa sito sea. One afternoon | 2) (ae)

F Se (notice) a gir who 4) )

Sift Aoshe 9 (hang) there, he branch

2 ape watt) ° (notibe able to) see her

Y OA, nn
e antic ne). (82) fortap =

e gir was rescued and her
toners, The story 18)
oon

what; had happened and w
16)
Wel, everything 16) (
(ean) me y ging mea ae anc
“newspaper too! That all my nen

1 1d) happily. The

ge bunch of
a ive and tell

4

Past Continuous - Used To - Was Going To

PART A PARTE
1. John was listening to the radio. A. they drove away 1. B(when)
2. Peter was swimming B the batteries ran out 2
3.He fll over Chis sister was sunbathing 3.
4. The robbers stole Ihe car D. her pen broke. 4
5. Helen was writing a letter E. he was crossing the road 5

Choose ver om thelist and complet tots using Pat So Past Cont

be, rive, shine, stop, look, seem, hear, fy, can, feel, wonder, go, think, get into, talk

11) was. 10 o'clock ona dark winter night. Mr Trindle 2) home alone on a small country
road. The stars 3) and it 4) very quel. Suddenly his car 5)

Mr Tindle 6) under the bonnet but everything 7) tobe normal. Then, as
he 8) atthe engine, he 9) a strange noise. A UFO 10)

above him! He 11) (no) believe his eyes. bright light 12) on himandhe
13) very Strange. He 14) hat to do when suddenly everyting 15)

quiet. Mr indie 16) he had imagined the UFO, but as he 17) the car, the
newsreader on the radio 18) about a UFO that people had seen the previous night. The
previous night?" Mr Tndle 19) at his watch. 120) 7 dock in he morning!

Completo ine dialogue vt use o or dt use o.

Mrs Barnes : Do you want a cup ofea, Jenny?
Jenny : No thanks, mum. Have you got any coffee instead?

Mrs Barnes: But you 1), didn't use to ik coffee. You2) drink tea
Jenny: es, but ke it now. Could you put some sugar init?
Mrs Barnes: You) take sugar. You 4) say it would make

you put on weight. Do you want some coriiakes?

a

6. Past Continuous - Used To - Was Going To

Jenny : Haven't you got any croissants? 5) lke cornflakes but | dont now.
Mrs Barnes : You 6) be so fussy before you went o Paris.

Put the verbs into Past Cont, Past S., was / were going to or used to form.

Policeman What 1) were you doing (you do) at 9 o'clock ast night?
Witness : 12) ah) TV while my wie 3) (make) dinner.
We 4) (av) dinner ata restaurant but we 5)
(pot have) enough money We 6) (99) outa lot but we cant afford to now,
Policeman : What 7) (happen) then?
Winess: 18) (tin 19) (hear) a gunshot from outside. 110) (00)
outside but 11) (noise) anything unusual. Then | 12) (realise)
hat the noise was. Our neighbours 13) (ave) a party and hey 14)
(set off fireworks in their garden. 15) (te) a gunshot atra, fer.

Oral Activity 11 (Question and answer game)

In two teams students over the text for Ex. 80 then by looking atthe picture ask and answer questions.
eg. Was Krist sleeping on the sofa when the policeman came? et,

Oral Activity 12
Look atthe picture and the ist of words to say what they were doinglid al the time ofthe earthquake.
sleep - wake up - cry ‘cook - drop the saucepan play - stand up - run
carry - spill coffee wash - come out sit falloff

a) <<
i pcr a ION
ne
a opel nero eh
Es

7. Reflexive - Emphatic Pronouns / Both - Neither / Possessives

Se
© Reflexive - Emphatic Pronouns / Both - Neither /
Possessives

Does your dog bite? Ouchl le bit mel See for N
EN Thought you said your dog didnt bite,
t
A

E wi

But that dog ten't minel 1's

mmysett 1 me ny mine
yourself you you your yours
himself he him his his
herself she her her hers
isa it it its -
ourselves we us our ours
yourselves you you your yours
themselves they them their theirs
after certain verbs ( atthe end of the sentence or after the noun phrase
etc) when the subject they refer to,to emphasize thenoun or the fact that
and the object of the verb are the same person. ‘and not another performs an action.
ve cut myself. He can fic the car (by himsel.
Note these expressions : = Have a good time! = Be good!
+= ke being aloe. = Shelves alone.

= Don wait to be offered tea!

49

7. Reflexive - Emphatic Pronouns / Both - Neither / Possessi

Note the difference :-

[masta CS
(Game now gases

2)

‘Some old people talk to

@ wit sentences asin he example:

1. What is she doing? She
(look) at herself

is looking
in the minor.

f
3. What are they doing? They
(enjoy,

5. What has she done? She

(burn) onthe cooker.

witha knife.

A have you ona? We
Pur)

6. "What re you doing?" *1

C7] with my towel

so

Reflexive - Emphatic Pronouns / Both - Neither / Possessives

Bye Mum. Were going to Simon's birthday party.

Mam:OK.Enjy1) yourselves boys. And im, don't eat too much cake or youll make
2) sick Have you gota card to take with you?

Jim : Yes, we have. Mark and | made it 3) What are you and Dad going to do this
afternoon, Mum?

Mum : Im going to buy 4) some new clothes and Dad's going to study. Hes trying to teach
5) Italian. Have a good time atthe party, but behave 6)

self, ourselves or yourselves.

1.Mydadeut himself shaving yesterday.

2. Julie cooked some dinner.
3. Please, help 10 more biscuits, John!
4. enjoyed atthe party lastnight.

5. We dont need any help. We can do it
6. The chidren drew all these pictures

(O ruin poroto exi pronouns

Yesterday my sister and I went to the shop to buy
1) ourselves some chocolate. On the way home,
Tonia fell down and hurt 2) and | cut 3)

on some broken glass. When we got home, my brother
and his fiends were enjoying 4) playing in
the garden. My brother shouted, “Look at 5)

and he began to laugh at us. When we looked at
5 in the mirror, there was nothing wrong
except for some chocolate round our mouths.

Possessive case with ’s /s' Possessive case with “of”
1. singular nouns + (person or animal) 1.0f + name of a thing
the boy's bag, the cat's head the banks of the ver
2. regular plural nouns +" 2. of + possessive case/possessive pronoun
the boys’ bags "hats a riend of Mary's

ne ol Mary's tends)
Ive got a book of yours (= one of your books)

3. irregular plural nouns not ending in ses +'s
the children's toys

Note: phrase of place +’s : atthechemists = at the chemists shop
phrase of time +’s/’ : today’s paper = the paper that has come out today
‘wo weeks’ holiday= a holiday tat lasts fortwo weeks

si

7. Reflexive - Emphatic Pronouns / Both - Neither / Possessives

Write as in the example :

Jule 1... This is Julie's car.
It's her car.

It's hers.

Fill in the correct subjectiobject/possessive pronouns or adjectives.

Last year Francis and 1) his sister Caroline went

on holiday to Paris. Unfortunately, 2) masa
disaster. First o all, 9) ‘nearly missed 4)
fight because 5) car broke down, Then Francis
coulda’ find 6) ticket, unt Caroline realised
that she had both 7) ticket and 8) in
9 handbag, When 10) goto
Paris, 11) couldnt ind 12) hotel.Carolne
fell over and twisted 13) ankle when 14)
climbed out ofthe tax. Francis tried to help 15)

and strained 16) back, so 17) both had to spend the res! of the week in bed. This year

18) are hoping to see some of the sights of Paris on 19) holiday.

Underline the correct item.

1. She's gota pen o (you yours).
2. These ae (the boys shirts / shirts ofthe boys).

3-Heis aend of (my mie)

4. Were having (wo days holiday a holiday of Mo days)
5. She went o the (baker shop / baker’).

6. Thats the (house kichen /kchen ofthe house},

Reflexive - Emphatic Pronouns / Both - Neither / Possessives

Positive Interrogative Negative

some any noinot any

someone anyone no one /not anyone
porn somebody anybody nobody / not anybody
things something anything nothing / nat anything
place somewhere anywhere nowhere / not anywhere

(O sive: some, any, oF er erat

When the three bears came home, the mother bear said, “1) Some... ofthe soup has gone!” The litle
bear looked in his bow and said, There is 2) soup in my bowl There isnt 3) lett
atall 4) has eaten it” Then the bears heard 5) in the bedroom. The father bear
called, Is there 6) there?" but 7) answered. The ite gi in the bedroom woke
Up and looked fr 8) to hide, but she couldn't ind 9) ‘The father bear called agai,
“Is there 10) there?” and the tightened gir said, “No, there's 11) here at al

Both - Neither - None - All
Both refers to two people or things. thas Neither refers to two people or things. It has

positive meaning and takes a verb inthe a negative meaning and takes a verb.
plural. in he singular or the plural
Tomis ich. Laur ich too. Tom isn poor Laura ini poor either.

Both of them are rch. or They are both rich. Neither of them is/are poor.

All refers to more than two people or things. None refers to more than two people or
Ithas a positive meaning and takes a verb in things. It has a negative meaning and takes.

the plural a verb either in the singular or the plural
John, Mary and Kevin are students. All of them John, Mary and Kevin havent got cr.
are students. or They are all students None of them has / have a car.

(O vse tat, never noe or lan wit sentences ss nthe example:

1. Kate can ide a bicycle 2. Jon doesnit ike fish
Sue can ide a bicycle too. Greg doesn't ike fish
Both of them can either.
ride a bicycle, or They
can both ride a
bicycle.

7. Reflexive - Emphatic Pronouns / Both - Neither / Possessives

à 3-M Tibbs doesnt drive a 4. Lyn, Sally and Moira are
careful Mr Smith 4 swimming,
doesn't dive carefully
citer.

5. Ted has eaten a pizza 6. Alan hasn't typed any
Tony has eaten a pizza letters today. Nina
à: hasn't typed any eters
f today either.

(Quella heure est-ID) 7, Bob, nick and Ted 8. Helen, Jane and Sue
e don speak French Ike icecream,

Write sentences using the correct pronouns.

1. John ft day at work enjoy /boss/ given / nice ofc.
It’s John’s first day at work. He's enjoying himself. The boss has given him a nice office.
2. Tracy fist day at school / enjoy teacher ust given gsaw puzzle

3.we / first day at university / enjoy / professor just given interesting tak
4.1 frst day on holiday /enjy / hotel clerk just given / key to room.

5. the Smiths / frst day in new house / enjoy /riends just given / present.

Oral Activity 13

‘The teacher divides the class into two teams and says a subject pronoun. The teams in turn must say
the possessive adjectives and possessive and reflexive pronouns which correspond to the subject
pronoun. Each correct answer gets 1 point. The team wih the most points isthe winner.

Teacher i Teacher: he

TeamASt: my mine, myselt Team AS2: tis, his, hell

Teacher You (purl) Teacher: No. Not hiset but himselt

Team B $1: your yours, yourselves Team A doesn't get a point

7. Reflexive - Emphatic Pronouns / Both - Neither / Posses:

Look at the family tree and talk about it.

This is Moira’ family tre.

Joy + Fred Rose + Gordon
Jane Emma + George Susan + Tim
Moira Jane Sandra Simon

@ Look at ihe above family tree and fil in the correct pronouns and possessives.

Fredis Joy's husband. 1) He is2) husband, Joy is June and Emma's mother. 3) is
4 mother. Emma is George's wit. 5) so) wife, Moira is Emma and Georges
daughter. 7) se) daughter. Jane and Sandra are Moira sisters. 9) are
10) sisters, June is Moira, Jane and Sands aunt, 11) is 12) aunt. Simon is
Moira cousin. 13) is 14) cousin, Susan and Tim are Simon and Ted's parent,
15) are 16) parents. Susan's parents are Rose and Gordon. 17) are
18) parents, Al these people are Mota’ family. 19) are 20) fami
Oral Activity 14

Using both o all, say what the following groups of words have in common.

1 oranges, apples, pears |. tay, Germany 9. BMW, Gott

2. Prince, Michael Jackson | 6. green, red, brown 10. baker's, butchers, grocers

3. football, basketball 7. January, February

4. London, Paris, Athens 8. horses, cows, dogs

ent. Theyare all fruit. or. Allof them are fruit

SS

Using Ex. 100 as a model, write about your family ree. Then introduce your famiy to your partner.

$5

Past Perfect - Past Perfect Continuous

Ja Past Perfect - Past Perfect Continuous

Mur, last night I woke up and thought Wel Im not sure, but when Imade my
a huge sponge cate, Ce bed, half my pilow 1

Longform — Shortform Long form Short form

lhaduaïted ldwaited — Ihadnotwaited Ihadnitwailed Hadlwaled?
You had waited You'd waited Youhad notwaited You hadn't waited Had you waited?
Hehad waited Heldwaited Hehadnotwailed He hadn't walted Had he waited?
She had waited She'd waited She had not waited She hadnt waited Had she waited? ete
Ithadwailed itdwailed lhadnotwaïted — Ithadn't waited

Wehadwaited Weldwaited We hadnot waited — We hadi waited

You had waited You'd waited — Youhad not waited You hadn' waited Hadn't you waited?
‘They had waited Theyd wailed They had not waited They hadn't waited Hadn't he waited? etc

"had been waiting | had not been waiting Had | been waiting?

You had been wating You had not been waiting Had you been waiting?

He had been waiting He had not been waiting Had he been waiting?

She had been waiting She had not been waiting Had she been walting?
had been waiting Had not been waiting Had it been waiting?

We had been waiting ‘We had not been waiting Had we been waling?

You had been waiting You had not been wating Had you been waiting?
They had been waiting ‘They had nat been wating Had they been waiting?
Short form Short form

Td been waiting. te | hada’ been waiting .. ete Hadnit you been waiting? ete

8. Past Perfect - Past Perfect Continuous

Time expressions used with Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous :
before, after, just, yet, already, for, since, ever, neve, til/until, when, by, by the time etc

Past Perfect Simple is used: Past Perfect Continuous is used:
fora past action which happened before foranaction continuing up toa specifi ime
another past action or before a stated past Inthepast.

time. He had been waiting for an hour before she
She had already left when got home ative

She had arived by 8 o'clock.

or a complete action.

a

‘She had cleaned the house by 6 o'clock. He was ted, He had been cleaning the house

results or effect in the past.

al morning
as the past equivalent of Present Perfect. as the past equivalent of Present Perfect
(see p. 38) Continuous. (see p. 38)
She isn'tin her ofice. She has already left. He is tied. He has been working hard all
(before a present timo) morning. (resent time)
‘She wasn't in her office. She had already let. He was red. He had been working hard all
(before a past time) morning. (past time)

Fill in the Present Perfect S. or Cont. or Past Perfect S. or Cont.

1. Her feet ached last Monday. 2. Don is cold. He 3. He cant pay the bil.

She had been walking (sum) He
(walk) or sic ours. inthe lake (ose) his wale.

sí

8. Past Perfect - Past Perfect Continuous

4, The woman drowned in the 5. He boughtacaralterhe 6. She signed the letter ater she
river. She
(ish). (save) enough money (ite)

7. Her hairis wet. She 8. He felt sick because he 9. He was hot. He
(wash) it (eat) too much. (ron) for an hour.

youeisheitwei Yes, Iyouheisheftwe/ No, Iyouheisheitwe
youtthey eaten lunch? yourthey youthey

(@ took ir, shane answer questions a In the example

Bs he day ater Christmas. as night the Dicksons
M. had a party at their house. What had they done and
hat hadn't hey done before they went to bed?
1. (they open al presens) Had they opened all
the presents? Yes, they had.
2. (they ink lemonade)
(hey eat ale cake)
(hey et catin

(hey eat turkey)

6. they / dy / the room)

8. Past Perfect - Past Perfect Continuous

(Fi Pat snp or Pat Pres, hen ato weh aston appen rt
1. When! arrived (arrive) at the station, the train had left (leave). first action: had left

2.We (light) the candles because In lights (goo.
first action

3, When | got home | (discover) that somebody (break into) my fat.
first action

4. The patient (die) before the ambulance (reach) the hospital
first action

5. Jom (ea) althe cakes by the time the other children (arme)

athe party. fist action

ing verbs from the list below.

@ write wnat each person had been doing u
slep, wt, was play, cu, sten, wrk

1. Jane's clothes were wet 5. Carols ears hurt

She had been washing herdog. She tothe rado fortwo hours
2. The boys wore diy 6. Kate had black nk on her hands.

Trey football. She for three hours.
3. John was not happy ha the noise woke him. 7. Anne's eet hur.

He She fortwo hours.
4, Dave had stains on his shoes. 8. Nina looked tired

He thegrass. ste al morning
Note the difference :

When she phoned he
{He eh before Tom phoned.) (She phoned and hen he lt)

En
When she arved they When she arived they
(She arrived ater he fight) (hen she aid they wer inthe mile ofthe fight)

8. Past Perfect - Past Perfect Continuous

(0) Put ine veros in brackets into Past Perfect or Past Simple.

1.John lit (ight) the 2. George (ight) 3. When she arrived at the theatre
andes when she arived. the canes when she arrved. he (bay) te kets
EP“
es |r
= A >
4. When she avd atthe 5. When she came home they 6. When he came home she
theatre he (have)
(oup the thats. nner together. (areadyhave) noe

Write the situations (action up to a past time or interrupted action), then put
the verbs into Past Perfect Continuous or Past Continuous.

1...action up to a past time 2. 3

Her eyes were red. She He (ype)
had been crying .. (ey). whenhe came in, letter when the fie started,

N À

She looked tired. She He hit his head. He He (play) football
(type) letters all morning. (play) ootbal.— when the ball it his head.

. Past Perfect - Past Perfect Continuous

(@ Put ire verbs in brackets into Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous.

Mc Thomas was exhausted. He 1) had had. (have) the
worst morning this ie! Everything 2) (Go) wrong
He 3) (die) to work for halt an hour
when suddenly his car broke down. Not wanting tobe late he
decided to start walking and try to catch a bus. Aer he 4)
(walk) tr over an hour, it began o rain. However,
just atthat moment a tax appeared and Mr Thomas jumped in.
When he arived a the oie, he realised that he 5)
(leave) his walt in his own car and he had no money o pay
the diver! He rushed ino the office, folowed y the angry taxi
¿liver However an important business meeting 6)
(us str). Mr Thomas was wel and dirty because
17) (rin) and his boss was very angry
because he 8) (wat) for him to arıve
Joroveran hou, Aer expaning what 5) (happen) to His boss, Mr Thomas
borrowed a car and went home to change. When he arrived home he realised 1 is homo hat someone
10) (breakin is house. What a morning!

€ Purine verbs in brackets into Past Perfect or Past Simple.

‘or Jim and Terry 1). had finished... (nis) their breakfast
they 2) (take) ther bags and 3)

(90) o he vert fish They 4) 60)
there before and 5) (cath) some big ih
By 50 clock they 6) (Potge!) any fish, so
they decided to go home. They 7) (promise)
ther mother bring sh or inner, o they 8)

(ook) fora Shop where they could buy some but the shops

9) (alreadyicose). When they
10) (arrive) home, they 11)

(te) their mother that they 12) (catch) the
biggest fish they 13) (everisee) butit M
14) (escape).

(@ Purine vers intact nto the covet tense.

1.Tony bought (buy) a new shirt ast Monday.
2. Annis a teacher. She (teach) for ten years.

3.She (cook) lunch before the children came home.

4. How long (ou / have) a driving cence?

5.She (type) some leters when the boss asked her int his office.
6.He (drive) fr an hour when he reached the vage.

et

8. Past Perfect - Past Perfect Continuous

(@ Purine verts braces nto the comet ene
A on 1) has escaped (escape) trom London

Zoo. The zoo-keeper 2) (clean) the
lion's cage when suddenly a on 3) (bite)
him and 4) (run) out ofthe cage. The

z00-keeper 5) (recover in hospital now.
When he 6) (arrive) at the hospital he

7) (lose) a lt of blood, but the doctors
8) (think e wil be alright. Lots of
people 9) (see) te lion already

The police 10) (stop) a summer
carnival which London Zoo 11)
(plan) and at present they 12)

(unt) forthe lion. They 13)
(advise) us to tel the publi to stay indoors unt they 14) (catch) the ton

Oral Activity 15

The teacher vides the class into two teams and asks students in tun to ive reasons why they were
pleased the lat time something nice happened. Each correct sentence gets 1 point. The team with the
mos! point isthe winner.

Team At: The last time | was pleased was because | had received a present

Team S1: The last time | was pleased was because | had passed atest

Team AS2: The last time | was pleased was because I had won a prize. ie

Oral Activity 16

The teacher divides the class into two teams and asks students to look at the folowing situations,
¡giving reasons in turn for each situation, Each correct reason gets 1 point. The team with the most
Points isthe winner.

1. Ben couldnt wit the ter because he had lost his pen.
2. Jane missed te tan because

3. He coudn pay the eect bil because

4. She ll her exam because

5. Sho was sad because

6 His hands were dry because

7.Ho was wet because

8. They were hungry because since morning
9. He hada stomact-ache because

10. They were red because

11. He had black eye because

12. Jennifer got sunburnt because for verve hours.

Revision Exercises II

wagner
Ls an pan or ry tn eg
sarin rao anata aon ee
ie
rte nd pr a

U Revision Exercises

D choose the correct item

1'Have you ever 5 Hekink?"-Ves once, 5.He ie in London, but now
in 1980" he Ivesinavilage.
A)goneto Bjbeento — C)beenin AJuses — Blusedto C)wasusedio
2,Sheis he studentin the cass. 6.She inthis house for 25 yeas,
A)clever 8) cleverest_C) more clever A)has ved 8) Chis ving
3. Wile she was chopping onions she dot wants you on the phone
accidentally cut A) Some B) Something C) Someone
Ahersell Bjhimsell C)he 8.She French before she became
4 your invitation tothe wedding yet? ateacher
A) Hadn't you got 8)Havent yougot A) had studied 8) has studied
©) Didn't you get O) has been studying

and correct it

@ rine ms

1. You are out of breath. We3sagertunning? Have you been
2 She's already i Istanbul fora week

3. Jane runs fastest than Margaret

4. He helped hersl to apiece of ako.

5. They lve anywhere near the bus station,

6 He looked angry. Has he been arguing?

7. Where have you been? | have waited for 45 minutes!

8. He cleans the house atthe moment

8. She has wien thee books belor she became famous.
10. He speaks so quick hat | cant understand him.

€ Put ine veros in brackets into Present Simple, Present Continuous or Future

Paul: Hello, David. How 1) are you (youlbe)?
David: 12) (be) fine. 3) (watch) a programme on TV. 114)
(noVbe) very good but there 5) (be) nothing else on.

Revision Exercises II

Paul 6) {pouvant to come othe cinema this evening? 17) (s00) a fim atthe Rex.
David: real have o study, but 8) (Vask) Tom it he wants to go?
Paul Thats a god idea. 19) (vai)

jords in the correct order to make sentences.

Oran

1. She letisuddenb at 6 'lock the room
She left the room suddenly at 6 o'clock.
2. They've bought a Iwo-storeyovelyin London/oldfashioned/house

3. He walkedin he ain/up the hilstowiy
4. Every Mondayto the gymby carthey go
5. He's buit alwooden/beauttu/bookcase

6. She was wearing a(n)whiteleleganviongiveddingldress

@ urécrine ie cost tem

1. That cake looks wonderlwondertuly.
2. This salad tastes teribleerrbly. What have you putin it?
3. He draws very good!wel but he can't paint tal.

4, Have you gota cold? Your voice sounds unusualunusually
5. She ran up he stairs as quck/quchl as she could

6. When he woke up he stil et sleepyisleepiy

7. She spoke very rudeludely to me,

8. his game seems easy/easiy, but isn't eal.

9. That music sounds very strangelstrangely trom here
10. you work hard/harly, you wil certainly succeed.

When John Mils 1) „was. (be) eighteen he 2) (leave)
his home inthe country and 3) (90) to study in London.
Wile he 4) (study) atthe University there, someone
5 (offer) him a job as a salesperson. At hal ime he
5 (try) 1 finish his degree so he 7)

(turn down) the job. Since then he 8) (do) many kinds of
jobs, including teaching and farming, He 9) (alsolun)
a shop, whichis the only ob he 10) (novike). Since
last September he 11) (ty) to nd a job in an art gallery
because he wants to learn about paintings, but so far he 12) {nothave) much luck.

cy

Note that the verbs sound, look, taste,
feel, seem are followed by an adjective.

ut the verbs into Past

Revision Exercises II

Je pronouns.

GD Fit in tne correct ren

When Jane wo
ne leo ois a Sr
Hel fale Ta Da aa na ga
prota pl er the hospital
in cou ees are) dy. She kn her
essed and left immed so she gal

en e door. Then
re
out” she said

105)
She
1 knew it was the start o a tere day

xample

is so much

Dear Susan,
lot of work, but everything

Will weve moved into the new house at lastl It was a
D better... (go) here that Ives wort it. Ther are not mary roots but they are
2) (big Ive ever seen in house ofthis size, The neighbourhood is à
1063) (quiet) than ou ld one, and ‘the people here are 4)
(helpful) and much 5) (friendly). The garden is ©) (rice) Ive
wer had its areal pleasure co work in! Allin all shin this is 7) (9004)
house weve ever ved in. You must come and visit us soon.
Love,
Diana

Dear Jerry,
Im sorry 1). haven't written otre) fr along time bus! 2) (work)
very hard lately 5013) (not have) much time for other things 14)
y to Scotland for a vst ne month, but what 15)
(already/pian) to

(plan) to come u
ner 6)

(rotirealse) was that my Part
mine wil have to wait. What 7)

goon holiday at the same tine, 90

(youldo) latebf 8) (Mary/find)

that ghe 9) (lose) her ob after che 10)
ur news

there. Write soon and tell me yo.
Bob

‘anew job? was surprised to hear
(do) so wel

Revision Exercises Il

1.1. have already seen … (alreadyisee) that fim twice, but Td le 10 see it again.

2. How long ago (you/ move) to this house?
3. Yesterday afternoon it (St / rain) when | got home.

4. Tony (act) for many years before he became famous.

5. The students (rte) for two hours when the teacher tld them to stop.
él (wait) or more than two hours. Where (you bey?
zn (probably / snow) tomorrow.

He (lock) al the windows before he et home.

9. She (do) the cleaning by 6 o'clock yesterday.

10.He (lean) the car when the phone rang, so he didnt answer
11.*How long (you / work) for this company?” "For ten years and ike it here”

[apre |

RES ce minga Shots
oe = adore
ER os total toa
nr on lj outa, waing
re bribes, tert Ser
ME A Dombes leomeadcer

1. Wo sin Newest? None of them If) In Nencasi

2, Who studies English?
3. Who enjoys walking, Tom or Harry?

4. Who wants to be an artist?

5. Who has straight hair, Tom or Dick?

6. Who is over thirty?

7. Who plays a sport?

8. Who has a sister?

9. Who is wearing glasses, Tom or Harry?
10, Who has a brother, Tom or Harry?

11. Who has go curly hai, Dick or Tom?

9. Functions of Modal Verbs

la Functions of Modal Verbs

‘The modal verbs are: can, could, must, | would, shall, should, may, might ete. They
have the same form in all persons. They come before the subject in questions and take not after
them in negations. They take an after them.

(Can she play tennis? No, she can't play tenis but she can play gol

Perhaps [could borrow Y But you can't play Tknow, but if ve got i,
‘my neighbour's trumpet. the trumpet. play it either.

We express ability with :
(abity in the present or future) ‘Can you swim? No, I can't | can run fast though
(abityinthe pastfor She couldiwas able to dance for hours when
repeated actions) she was young, (repeated action)
(= managed to) (aby inthe He was able to win the race. (inge acon)
past for repeated cons ora single action)
(orrepeatedor 1 couldn'twasn't able to find my keys
single actions) (ng acon)

He couldn'vwasn't
young. (repeated action)

ble to ski when he was

is the Present Simple form and could is the Past Simple. Can borrows the rest ofits
tenses from the verb phrase eg. She hasn't been able to finish it yt.

En

John: 1). Can. you ski?

: can, could or be able to in the correct tense.

Dave: Yes, 12) went sking last year and 13) 90 down the learners slope easiy.
John:14) ‘ki when | was younger, but since | hurt my leg 15)

Dave: Actually | think ice-skating is much easier. 16) ¡ce-skate when | was five years od
John : Really? tried ice-skating once, but | 7) stand up at all

67

9. Functions of Modal Verbs

Dear Mary .
ev!) can come
mvery pleased you 1) co
cou on the phone yesterday but 13)
for eon Saturday 15)
have aright out

re Mam sayo that wren she #38

You certainly 7) à

(ar yer but Mum say

for the thea =

you)
We 8) -
borrow hrs, By the way, Eh

ne ay 10)

Y
(Oh, that can't be true. Ft lo, then you MUST
be really awful to Grandmal

We express possibilty / probability with :

may (=perhaps, very possible) He may be back beore noon. (possible)
might haps, very possible) There might be some cheese in he figs. Is possible)
could possible) He could úl e at home. (t's possible)
must (tis almost certain; think) They lookalike. They must be twins. think they ar ins)
can't (tdoes not seem possible; You have been sloping all day. You can't be tired

1 don't ink) (ont think is possible ha you ar tired)
can he be? (sit possible?) Can he sl be at work? (sit possible?)

Although might is the past form of may it can be used for present situations too.
May borrows the rest ofits tenses from the verb phrase be allowed to. eg, He has not
been allowed to enter the bulking.

You 1) can't … be serious about leaving Ms

cousins who can help You peer but they 9)
realy be as ar

vee uy ove ea 8

Functions of Modal Verbs

in : can't, could, may or mi

Sue : How old do you think Steve is?

Mary: He 1). may ..be abit older than we are, but he certain 2) be more than 25
Sue: dont know. He 3) be ode than you thnk. He takes ver good cae of
himsel, you know. He 4) be aso ashy
Mary: No, he 5) be. know because helt schoo just before 1
Sue: You) be righ, bt sl not real convinced.
We express permission with: May eee Mr Parson?
{asking for permission) A
can informal) Can I borow our pen?
could (more plte) Could I borrow your car?
may (ermal) May | use your phone?
might (more formal) Might ee your ring
licence, please?
(Giving / refusing permission) you can't eo him

He is busy at the

can (informal, giving permission) You can have one more if you want. one.

may (formal, giving permission) You may stay a ile longer.
mustn't (efusing permission) You mustn't park here.
‘can't (refusing permission) You can't enter his room.

an, may, could, mustn't or can’t

Mum, 1)... can/may | go tothe library?

Ofcourse you 2) im, but you 3) stay very long.
4) | stay uni 8 0clock?
No, you 5) because the concert starts at 8:30.
(Atthe library)
Jim: 6) ook atthe latest "Musiian” magazine, please?
Librarian :Yes, you 7) but remember that you 8) take it out ofthe library.

Well Fits ike
the one had,
last week,
can you

155 own or would you Ike something with 12

9. Functions of Modal Verbs

We make requests, offers or suggestions with :

can (request)

could (poite requestisuggestion)
would you like (pote ofer)
‘Shall Iwe (suggestion/tter)

ill (fferrequest) * forthe other uses of Wil
(promises, treats etc.) see p. 26

Can you help me tidy my room?
Could I have a litte more cake please?

Would you like some more lemonade?

‘Shall | post this ltr for you? (otr

Shall we buy him a present? (suggestion)

Fl make you some cote if you want. (ind oe)
Will you do me a favour? (iendy request)

@ rnin sean, cou, vous, sao wi

John 1)
Jane No, ! dont think 0. 2)
John : OK. Water excuse me, 3)

Waiter : Here you are sir 4)

‚John : Thank you. 5)

Would. you tke some more cofee, daring?

we get the bil?
you bring us the bil please?
take these plates away?

| have a pen to sign this cheque please? Jane

8 you give me my glasses?

Waiter:7)
John: Yes, please.
Waiter: And 18)

Shop Asst:1) Can... help you?
Customer : Yes, Im looking fora jumper. 2)
me some?
Shop Asst Yes, o course. What size 3)
Customer: Medium, lease.
‘Shop Asst:14)
anything else you 5)
Customer :6)
Shop Ass Certainly.
Customer Yes, Ido. 7) 1
Shop Asst :8)
Customer: Yes, pleas.

Mum 1)... Will
Sally Yes, 12)
Mum :4)

ill in : will, shall or wont.

you lke me to get a tai for you si?
bring your coats for you in just a minute.

ill in : can, would, could, shall or will

you show

you ike?

get some to show you. Is here
lke to see?
| ry on some skirts as well?
Do you like them?
take them all
| wrap them for you?

you be late home tonight, Sally?
Im going toa party. But 13)
1 keep some dinner hot for you?

be too late. | have to work tomorrow.

70

9. Functions of Modal Verbs

Saly :No, thanks Mum. There 5) be liso eat a the party

Mum 6) {came and collec you inthe car?

Saly No, there's no need. 17) come home with Niki

Mum Wel, 8) | wait up until you get back?

Saly :No Mum, Please dont. Oh no Look atthe time! What 9) | wear, Mum?
[Postorl You have to help me. (Oh yes, you will The baby has

Jl can't get into swallowed

[the front

> call the police. You
(ught to ask them for help. don't think I'l be able to help you.

We express advice with :
should / ought to You should walk more. (general advice; advise you.)
had better You'd better see your dents. (advice for a specie situation; tis a good idea)

Ji: You 1) .. should/ought to … ask someone to paint the house this year
Laura : Yes, Its beginning to look a bit dirty. | cant relly afford it, though. Do you think | 2)

in: should, ought to or had better.

try to getaloan?
Laura :No, you 3) not You might have a problem paying it back.

Joa) do something about the roo! as well. leaks when it rains hard
Laura : Really? You 5) take care of it nom or the celing wi al in!

il: Yes, youre right. 16) ring someone today and ask them to ook ati

We express obligation or necessity with :

must (srong obigaton or personal We must flow the school rus. obigatn; Im cbiged to)
feelings of necessity) 1 must see a doctor soon. ( decide ts necessary)
have to (external necessity) "have to do my homework every day ches deci ts
necessary)
ve got to (informal its necessary) l'Ve got o leave carl today

‘Must is the Present Simple form. it borrows the rest of its tenses from the verb have to,
To form questions and negations of have to we use do/does (Pres. S.) and did (Past S.).
He didn't have to do the shopping yesterday. You don't have to goto school today

Does he have to be at work on ime?

71

9. Functions of Modal Verbs
Fill in: must or have to.
1.1 must... watertne plants.) (2.1 waterthe pants) (51
x o

O”

You )
Play

outside

alittle

worry, Dad. |
My feet. are
clean. It's just my shoes that are dirty.)

We express or with :
(oran) You mustn't park hero. (Ys ftien)
(Prien) You can't enter ie cub without a card. (You are nat alowed)

(isnot necessary) You needn't take an umbrella. tis raining
(isnot You don't needihave to do it now. You can doit ater.

necessary in the presentfuture) (isnt necessary)
(itwas He didn’t need/have to go to work yesterday because it was.

pei ve ene
Mn: a. Vo bo ar ton

72

9. Functions of Modal Verbs

Bobby :12) ot. Doing homework s stupid, anyway
Dad: Bobby, you 3) speak to your mother like that!
Bobby : Im sorry Well, at least 4) rie a composition today.
Dad: When | was a boy we 5) do much homework, but now Im sory
because I did't learn much
Bobby : you 6) do homework, then why 7) 1 domine?

@ Fin in: mustn't, needn't or ca

“ona, want yout ook ater your brother is evering. He 1) can't. go oa
andhe2) forget todo al his homenork. You 3) tet im
watch TV unt he's fished it. He 4) watch he fm ether—it
starts very late. He 5) have a bath he had one inthe

morning. There's a cake in the cupboard but you 6) eatitall-
leave some for you sister. You 7) do the washing-up: Im going
10 doit tomorrow. You 8) ‘make too much noise. We might be
quite late home because we 9) leave the party tonight unt
most of the guests have lft And you 10) go to bed without
having a wash and brushing your teeth But you 11) wait up for ws.

(O vote sentences as nthe example:
‘ach Ponga tal
See
ie Shes
medi pull ‘your medicine or you won't get better.
2 men
ee
You mustn't touch those wires.

1
2
3
5
6.

First identify the meaning of the modal verbs, then write a synonym.

(impossibility - offer - advice - necessity - givingrefusing permission - ability in the past -
absence of necessity - obligation - request «polie request -(im)probabilty- prohibition

1. This must be Jacks house, probability (I think)
2. can't be 7 o'clock already!
3. Shall | open the door for you?

3

9. Functions of Modal Verbs

4, You should buy a new car.
5. You can't leave before 12 0'dock

6. You'd better wash that immediately.

7. You may come in now.

8. Could | ask you a question?

9. He ought to be more careful

10. There might be some apple pie left
11. We've got to run to catch the bus.

12. Would you like me to give you a itt?
13. Can you pass me the salt, please?
14.1 must go tothe dents’.
15. You can leave your coat here.
16. You mustn't tll anyone what happened.
17. ll answer the phone for you
18. He could play the piano when he was young,
19. She needn't wait for us.
20. Do I have to come with you?
21. Neil may not remember my phone number.
22.1 didn’t need to go to the bank yesterday
23. You must listen to your parents!

24. He may know something about it

(E) Rewrite the sentences using the words given in bold type.

1. Its necessary to buy a ticket.
NEED … You don't need to buy a ticket.
2. advise him to be more care.
uci
3.1 ink thats Johns car
MUST
4.1 dont think he is her brother.
CANT
5. He couldn't swim when he was five
ABLE
6.1 possible that he wil win the race.
MIGHT
7. You are no allowed to play in their garden.
MUSTNT.
8 twasrit necessary for them t repair the car
NEED
9. Shall pour you another dink?
WOULD

10. ts not possible for ou to eat so much.
CANT

11. Do you want me o open the window’?
SHALL

12, ls just possible she's stil at work.
coun

13. Do you want me to help you with that?
WOULD

14.1 dont think she is the woman who spoke to me.
CANT

15. We dont have lo go shopping wit Mum,
NEEDN'T

16 Isitreally possible that she's 50 years old?
CAN

17. would be a good ide to tel him th truth
BETTER

18. advise you to study harder.
SHOULD

za

Functions of Modal Verbs

(O rack accoring register
friendly more polite formal more formal
1. Can you help me please? v
2. Could you help me please?
3. May | use your phone?
ET
een
antun
Deren
Der
Dr
ES)
ern

@ Fin in the correct modal verb and the speech situations as in the example:

1. You... shouldn't. eat so (2. man astronaut 1
(mich... advice y) | mearauniom. ( ) rain. ( )

4.1 getup eary on) (5. You
Sundays. ( )) nt street. ( Y) gti

15

9. Functions of Modal Verbs

ho. you stop making | 11. You
that noise? (

Oral Activity 17

The teacher divides the class nto two teams, then he/she says a modal verb and its function. The
teams in turn make sentences using the verbs given. Each correct sentence ges 1 point.
Teacher: mustn't prohibition Teacher: cant protibition
Team ASt : You mustn' park yourcarhere. | Team AS2: 1 cant swim.
Teacher: can ability Teacher: Nol You can' enter that room,
Team 8 St : | can idea bicycle, Team A doesn't get a point

Werte the instructions the scout leader gives to the boy-scouts who are going camping.

Do Don't
put name tags on their ciothes bring tobacco
bring their own sleeping bags leavethecampalone on

porte ro US
bring first ad Kt N

Ht they want IM they don't want
bring cassette payerwakman joinin all acivies

bring own sports equipment attend day exercise class
imite family to vst

Wel boys, before we go oo camp, there are afew tings
1 have o tll you. Fs o al, you must put name tags on your clothes and.

76

10. Questions - Question Words - Question Tags

U: Questions - Question Words - Question Tags
(Youre happiy married, 7 (reer tr are ood eons)
have you

(been married?

qu
\
We use to form questions in Present
Simple and did to form questions in Past Simple.

To form questions with auxiliary verbs (can, be, will,
, must etc) we put the auxiliary verb

the subject.

begin with a question word and

follow the above rules (question words: who,
when, what, why, how, which etc)

is used to express possession.
is used when there is a limited choice.

The preposition goes at the end of the question.

ay

My wife goes on a Tuesday and | go on a Friday!

Does he pay the violin?
Did he come to work yesterday?

Is he rich? Has he gota car?
Will he mary her?
Can you ty a helicopter?

Who is she?
What did she do lastnight?
Why did you come tate?

Whose shoes are these? Theyre Toms.
Which cars yours? The red one,

Who does it belong to?

Who did you go out with?

@ wie questions about he statements using th words in rakes

1. He hates pizza. (pasta)
2. She goes to partes, (How often)

3. They went to London. (When)

4. She is crying. (Why)

5. Peter can swim, (dive)

6. John hasn't arrived yet. (Who)

7. Hell do the cleaning, (washing-up)

7

Does he hate pasta too?

10. Questions - Question Words - Question Tags

8. Paula works in an offic. (Where)

We normally use the following question words when asking abot

people jobs/things/ place time quantiy manner reason
animals / actions

Who What Where When Howmuch How Why

Whose Which (one of) How long How many

Which What time

{one of) How often

who, whose, what, which, where, when, how long, how
often, what time, why, how much or how many

is his coat? Mine, 7 dd he give you? A birthday card
is Robert? Jules brother. 8 does he visit his parents? Every
does the party start? At 830, Monday.
does this cost? £25, 8 8995 do you need? Ten.
is your book? The red one. 10. is Sue's house? Nex tothe bank,
was he late? Because he oversept. 11 il you be in Paris? About a week.

Subject questions I who, which or what are the subject of the
‘question, we put the verb in the affirmative.

subject object subject object
Chris helped Mary. M helped George.

Who helped May? (not Who diel Mary?) Wha did Mary help?

1. Sam met Jui. Who met Julie?
2. Roger spoke to Jean,

3. Ella phoned Stuart

4. Jenny wil soe Rosie.

5. Steve has left a message fr Jim.
6. Ted loves Mary,

7. Pam wil visit Tom

8. Joanne is marrying Richard.

9. He is taking to her.

10. They come from tly

11. dims waiting for Tom.

10. Questions - Question Words - Question Tags

12. Rosa is witing to her cousin.
13. He's worried about the test

(O rs, now ong, when how how much, how hy oF where

Policeman : Good morning madam. 1). What... canIdotoryou? __Atthe Policestation
Ms Lee: Oh, fier, my Ned. He's runaway rom home =
Polceman: 2) do you Ive?
Mrs Lee: At 14, Church Road.
Poiceman 3) is your ful name?
Mrs Lee Jenifer Rose Leo.
Policeman: 4) did you lst see Ned?
Mis Lee: At 6 0cock yesterday evening.
Polceman: 5) die seem Was he acting strangely?
Mis Lee: No not tal. He seemed completly normal
Policeman : 6) is Ned?
Ms Lee : Hes weve.
Polceman: 7) money did he have?
Mrs Lee: None. 8) do you ask?
Policeman : Wel, because he cant have gone very ar without any money.
Ms Lee 8) wilt take you to ind him?
Policeman : can't say exact, Mrs Lee, but hope wel find him very soon. Now can you tel me 10)
Nodis ke?
Mrs Lee: Certain. He's got ong floppy ars, a shor tal and
Policeman 11) ? You mean Ned ist your son, he's your dog!

(O comico ne stop

Phil: 1) How was your holiday?

Flo: It was real reat!
Phil: 2) 2

Flo: To Caio, in Egypt.

Phil: 3) 2

Flo: | went for a week

Phil: 4) 2

Flo: With my brother, Simon.

Phil: 5) ? Phil:8) ?
Flo: We lew from London direct to Cairo Flo: We went on a boat trip along the Nil, too.
Phil: 6) 2 Thatwas fantastic!

Flo: Ina big hotel, ight next tothe Nie. Phil: 9) 2
Phil: 7) ? Flo: We arrived home lastnight, but wish we had
Flo: We saw the Pyramids of couse. stayed longer.

79

10. Questions - Question Words - Question Tags

(tono pure on ask your partner no quesos bout each by

GEORGE ANDREW,

Pad

Who hit John?

George hit John.

Who did John hit?

John hit Simon and Dave.
2 George

(@ were quesos whch he ota ype words rte anor

A woman was murdered at the Park Hotel last night. A maid discovered her body. She found tin the
laundry room. The police are looking for the woman's husband. They think he did it He left the
hotel at 1.35 this morning. He took all his wife jewellery and £1,000 from ther hotel saety-deposit
box. The woman's name was Carol Webster.

1. Who was murdered?
2

10. Questions - Question Words - Question Tags

8.
o.

Question Tags
1. Question tags ae short questions put at
the end of a statement. We use them, not to
ask for information, but or confrmaton of
ar agreement to our statement
He can ve, can't he?

2. We form question tags with an auxiliary
verb and a personal pronoun ( you, he, it
etc). A question tag has the same auxiliary
verb as in the statement. I there is no
auxiliary verb in the statement, we use do,
does or did accordingly.

She is sleeping, isn’t she?
He came too late, didn't he?

Study the following question tags.
1.'1am"
2.“lused to
3. Imperative

4."Lets"

8. “There isiare’

3. A positive statement ls followed by a
negative question tag, and a negative
statement by a positive question tag.
He kes appes, doesnt he?

She doesn't Ike appes, does she?
He never complains, does he?

down (falling intonation). If we are not sure
Semcon eee

(rat sue}

{am ta aren't?

He used to drive to work, didn't he?

Please help me, will you /can youlcould you?
Don't take all the money will you?

Let's make a snowman, shall we?

Let him come with us, will you won't you?
He has a pen, hasn't he?

He had an accident last week, didn't he?

He has lunch at 12.00, doesn't he?

‘There's no one here, is there?

There are a few oranges, aren't there?

1. Youre allergic to cats
2. She ves near the bank
3. Tom works atthe hospital

4, Peter hasnt got a new car,

5. Theyre jouralsts,

6. She's in France atthe moment,
7. He didn't lose the keys,

aren't you

2

8. She wont help you,
9. The boys weren't hur,

10. She used to eat alt of sweets,

11. Lets play football

12. They've already painted the house,
13. Lam tal,

14. He has dinner at 6.00,

10. Questions - Question Words - Question Tags

(@® Ace question tags to the folowing statements,

1.Letme help you, will you / won't you
2. Ann called Sam,

? 9,He never speaks rudely,
710. Lets clean the room,

3. She won't el us the truth, ? 11. Mary ión use to smoke so much,
4,Go ou, ? 12, She has breakfast at 7.30,

5. Sally has a pet cat, 218. Let me buy you ths shir,

6. They aren't going o Paris, ? 14, John spoke to Nick,

7. She can sing wel, 2. 15. Helen wears contact lenses,

8. Paul will do the shopping, ? 16.Lamthin,

(O hes quesos and shor anoner asin the example
1 msisateinkcinehen dent Pi. todoo

2 a ne maison
as es

‘Ars ent o de

à Seno ne

à he pes tn, o Tee Fee
10S rnb de vs

(@ rx srt sure accoraing o ourtacha nono
sune NoTSURE

v 1. You can take the train, can't you?
2 Moi 7
à Testes ae bo, rth?
5. They were on the same plane as us, weren't they?
nc fe ure. ye?
à tok as Peat?
10th eos tty?
Denen ps a
"Sam cane ana?
15: cs DA at
1 D mare aa re?

10. Questions - Question Words - Question Tags

Oral Activity 18

The teacher divides the class into wo teams and asks them to
read the text below. Then the teams in turn make statements with
tag questions and give short answers about the text. Each correct
question tag or short answer gets 1 point. The team with the most
point is the winner.

It was Sam's birthday yesterday. He was thirteen. At 10 o'clock
yesterday he caught the bus into town. He went to meet his father
atthe office. Then they went to buy Sam's birthday present, a
guitar. Sam loves playing the guitar. He used to borrow his
sister's guitar. His sister didn't ike it. He is going to start having
regular guita lessons now that he has his own guitar. He hopes
tobe a famous guitarist for a pop group when he grows up.

Team A S1 : was Sami birthday yesterday, wasnt?
‘Team BS1 : Yes, it was,

‘Team B S2: He was fourteen, wasn't he?

Team A $2: Yes, he was.
Teacher: No, he wasn't. Team A doesn't
get a point

Oral Activity 19

‘The teacher divides the class into two teams and asks the
students to read te text below. Then, the teams in tun ask and
answer questions about the text. Each correct question and
answer gets 1 point. The team withthe most points is Ihe winner.

‘Ann Roberts isa rich and famous singer. She lives in a big
house in California. She started singing when she was 10
Years old. She first sang at parties for her friends and family.
‘Ann had to leave school at sixteen and get a job because her
parents were poor. She worked in a restaurant for two years

‘One evening, when she was working, a friend told her about a

singing competition she had seen in a newspaper she had
been reading that morning. Ann entered the competition and

won it! She became a star because she could sing so well. À

Now she doesn't have to work in a restaurant any more and she is very happy. This year she has
visited ten diferent countries! At the moment she i visting Italy

‘Team AS! : Who is Ann Roberts? ‘Team B 82 : Where does she lve?
Team B St : Arch and famous singer. Team A S2: In a big house in California. et.

Using the text about Ann Robert, write an interview with her.

11. Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + -ing)

TA

5 Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + -ing)

You seem to be upset. What's the
matter? Will you please stop

Tve lost my dog.
me to look for him?

1 don't know what.
Do you mind

Have you thought of

‘an advertisement)
in the newspaper? It's worth

1.to express
He went to buy some bread,

2.after like!
l'dlove to see you tonight.

3.after adjectives (angry,
I etc).
I'm glad to see you here,

4.with 100 or
He's too old to drive.
‘She's clever enough to understand i.

5. after certain verbs (advise, agree,

te).

hope to meet him again.
6.after question words (where, how, what, who,
) Why is not used with to infinitive.
1 don't know what to do.
Nobody knew why he was angry.

1.after (can, must etc).
‘We must leave soon.

2.after let {make / hear /
Let me go or il make you regret i.

is dangerous.

Hove going to discos,

3.after start, begin, stop,
He started doing his homework at 5:00,

4.after go for physical activities.
‘She went skiing last Sunday.

8. after certain verbs (avoid,
regret, risk, spend, ete).
| don't mind helping you wth the dishes.

6.after the expressions: 1

Is worth seeing hat fm,

T.attor .
He left without taking his coat.

8.atterhoar, to emphasize an
action in progress.

| saw her crossing the street (saw her while he
was crossing he stree saw her cross the street.

(saw her when she had crossed the street)

11. Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + -ing)

1) Some verbs can take a full infinitive or the ing form with no difference in meaning, These verbs are:
Ny begin. hate, ike, love, prefer, start etc 9. He kes to watch / watching he bids,
© 2)IHthe subject of the ver isthe same as the subject of theinfitve, then the subject ofthe infinitive
T__isomitted. if, however, the subject ofthe verb is different from the subject of the infinitive, then an

‘object pronoun (me, you, him et) is placed before the infntve,
Compare: — Iwanttobebackat 10 dock. Iwanthim tobe back at 10 dock

(@ write what each word is followed by: inte), Bl. (bare infinit
Kwan + Fl Gwl + hope + thon
ade + E à
Sm awd + he + 6m +
suo + E me +
Sigh + Opromse + AS shal + ms +

Yesterday | went with my siter1) to buy. (buy) something

for her birthday. She cn realy know what 2)

(gat but she seemed 3) (ike) he idea ofa pet.

o we went to the nearest pet shop. She started 4)

(lok) around at al he animals. The man inthe shop let her

5 (Pi up) trat and stoke tn hamster,

but when she saw some puppies 6)... (ly) na box,

she sai that she woul ike 7) (have) one of hem.
| dit know it we had enough money 8) (buy) one and | hoped my mother wouldn't object
9) (have) a dog in he house, ut my sister promised 10) (ook ler) properly
and we did have enough money, so we bought ile brown dog. The man gave us a special rush for
1 {rush} him and some special food. Tomorrow were going to take Splash tothe beach.

(@& Put tne verbs in brackets into the correct form.

was 50 happy 2)

Dear ul nani) you for my Ed P eth the ll On
sarang) tant Ce mona) (ME
sive) ic | had so many lovely nds and afverwards we wen 0) there.
day went for a meal with some inde A E worth). (0) Hens

er dub on Poplar Street 7) eke) divino lessons
Era naw cb on op N ale?) Ts

mod enough 6) ng 26 promise 9)
me 8) nyo
(00)

Now that Im ol car as
Dad has said hell ler
, | must 10)

eat)

11. Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + -ing)

1. Ldonit ike .singing/to sing

2.1 no use
3. Im til oo upset

4, Dont disturb him. He's busy
5.Stop

6. Dont expect him

7, Ive decided

8. Mum made me

9. She agreed

10. He denied

(negative implication)

(Positive impcaton)

kets in the infinitive or the -ing form.

in pubic. (sing)
her. She won't listen tl)
aboutit (tak)

(work)

your rails! (bite)

you any money. (end)
him, (leave)

my medicine. (take)
im £1,000 (lend)

the stolen goods. (receive)

The black shoes are
The red shoes are
The green shoes are

He's too young to have a car.
(Hes so young that he can't have a
car)

She's clever enough o do the
exercise. (She can do the exercise)
Its early enough for us to catch
the bus. ts quite early so we can
sill catch the bus)

Hes got enough courage to do it

(O ansnr to questions using oo or enough

Fr
4
cf
2.Can she eat al the cae? (bg) 3. Can helt the car? (hay)
No,

1. Can he run fas? (fat)
No, he is too fat.

5. Can he make people laugh? 6. Can he sleep in ths bed?
(funny) es, (mal) No,

4. Can he jump over the fence?
(young) No,

11. Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + -ing)

(8 Put ine verbs in brackets into the infinitive or ing form.

My mother is an amazing woman. She is 87 years old and she stil
enjoys 1) going out (go ou) fora walk every day. She doesn't

mind 2) (do) al her housework and she's glad 3)
(help) her elderly neighbours when hey can' 4)

(go) tothe shops, She's 100 old 5) (Gig) the garden any more
_ she stopped 6) (do) that last year ~ but shes stil healthy
enough 7) (mow) the gras! In the summer she stil goes
8) (swim) when its warm and she lets her grandchildren
9) (ur) her in the sand. She often says, “i's no good
10) (be alive it you don't enjoy yourself” love 11)

(be ke my mother when Im her age.

Oral Activity 20

The teacher divides the class into two teams and says words or phrases which are followed by the
infinitive or gerund. The teams in tum make sentences. Each correct sentence gets 1 point

Teacher: refuse Teacher: itsnouse
Team ASt : John refused to help me. Team BS1 : Its no use teling les. etc
Oral Activity 21

“The students work in groups of three for minutes making up a story by using the pictures and the ist
‘of words given. Final they report her story o the teacher.

Look atthe pictures for Oral Activity 21 then listen to your teacher read out the story twice. Finally write
the story you've just heard. (80-100 words)

87

12. The Passive

2

0 The Pas:

‘The passive is formed with the appropriate tense of the verb to be + past participle.

‘Active Voice Passive Voice
Present Simple He delivers ltrs Loters are delivered
Past Simple He delivered the lets The letters were delivered.
Present Perfect He has delivered the ers. The ters have been delivered
Future Simple He will deliver theleters. The eters willbe del
Past Perfect He had delivered the ets. The letters had been delivered.
Present Continuous He sdelvering theleters. The ters are being delivered.
Past Continuous Ho was delivering te letters. The letters were being delivered.
Infinitive He has to deliver he letters. The trs have tobe delivered.
Models He may deliver te letter. The trs may be delivered.

(Modal + be + past part) He must deliver he letters. The letters must be delivered.

The Passive is used
1. when the agent (=the person who does the action) 3. when the action is more important

is unknown, unimportant or obvious from than the agent, as in processes,
the context instructions, events, reports, headlines,
Jane was shot. (We dont know who shot her.) news items, and advertisements.

This church was bulltin 1815. (unimportant agent) 30 people were killed in he earthquake.
He has been arrested. (obviously by te poice)

2.10 make more polite or formal statements. 4.to put emphasis on the agent.
The car hasn't been cleaned. (more polte) The new library will be opened by the
(You havent leaned the car. les poe) Queen.

ut the verbs in brackets into Present Simple Passive.

‘There isa chimpanzee which 1) is called . (cll) “Bubbles”. 112)

(wn) by Michael Johnson. I 3) (keep) in
his home. I) (feed) every day by Michael Johnson
himsett. It) (alwaysidress) in funny clothes. t Y
8) (say) that “Bubbles” is Michael Johnson's only friend

(O ta te Hoe nomaton ai and wit senenes as inthe example:

BREAKFAST - ROOMS -
InPierots Restaurant 7:9.30 am Maid Service daily
DINNER - HOT WATER -

In Main Restaurant 8-10 pm 24 hours a day
NEWSPAPERS - TELEPHONE CALLS HOTEL CINEMA -

Atthe Reception Desk Film every night at 10 pm

Breaklast / serve - where and when?
Breakfast is served in Plerrot's Restaurant between 7 and 9.30 am.
2. Dinner / serve - where and when?

3. Newspapers / sel - where?

4, Telephone calls / can make - where?

5. Rooms / clean - who by and how often?

6. Hot water / supply - when?

7. Fims / show - where and when?

‘Two men 1) were seen. (see) breaking into a house in my street
lastnight. The police 2) (call and they arrived
À very quickly, One man 3) (catch) immediatly.
‘The other escaped, but he 4) (find) very soon. Both
mens) (take) to e police station where they
8) (question) separately by a police officer.
|| The two men 7) (charge) with burglary.

12. The Passive

@ rem

the newspaper as complete senten

4.FOOTBALLER OFFERED 2.MOCHILDREM ADMITTED 3. CHILDREN BEI
MILLION POR TRANSFER INTO SPORTS CLUB BRAINWASHED BY TV

4. PLANET BEING DESTROYED _ 5. BOMB DISCOVERED IN 6.NO CAMERAS
BY POLLUTION OLD LADY'S GARDEN ‘ALLOWED IN MUSEUM

7. ANIMALS BEING USEDTO 8.PICASSO PAINTINGS 3. MICHAEL JACKSON ASKED
TEST BEAUTY PRODUCTS EXMIBITED NATIONAL TO SPONSOR CHARITY

GALLERY NEXT MONDAY EVENT YESTERDAY

1... The footballer has been offered a milion pounds for the transfer.

2

3.

4

5.

6.

7.

8.

a.

(O ruine covet passive tom

Mr Pryce was having his house done up. Write
what he saw when he went to inspect the work

1. The windows had been cleaned (clean)
2. New curtains (put up)
3. The walls (Paint)
4, Light tings (stlvinstal)
5. Some furniture (deliver)
6. New carpets Qu)

(O) tino peste inn appropriate ese, then just se

1... emphasis on the agent. 2. 3.

(ViivenvBaird) (PyramidstouldEgyptans) | (mikproduceicous)
TV was invented by Baird.

12. The Passive

{hatbow awayvind) (cotfeeigrowin Brazil) (chopsticks/use in China)

Za

(shitruiipaint)

(the robberarest)

(break) (ishesinot washyet) (long dressesiwear/1890)

si

12. The Passive

Changing from Active into Passive

The object of the active verb a ae ouf
becomes the subject inthe
re sentence. ‘tive Passo painted hatpice

The active verb changes into@ Passive Tratpicture was painted by Picasso

passive form and the subject
ofthe active verb becomes the agent. The agent is introduced with by ori is omitted.

After modal verbs (il, can, must, have to should, may, ought to) we use be + past participle
You can use the machine fr ung bread. amp The machine can be used for cuting read

With verbs taking two objects itis more usual to begin the passive sentence with the person.
| sent her some roses. She was sent some roses. (mre usual or Some roses were sent to her. ss usual)

We put he agent (=the person who does the action) into the passive sentence only I it adds
information. When the agent is unknown, unimportant or obvious itis omitted. Agents such as
people (in general), they, somebody etc. are omitted.

Bell invented te telephone.

The telephone was invented by Bell, The agent is not omited because it ads information)
‘Somebody murdered him. He was murdered (y-semebedy) (Unknown agent is omitted)

‘The police arested him. He was arrested (y pote). (Obvious agents omite

@ turn trom Active into Passi

1. The gardener has plante some trees. Some trees have been planted by the gardener.
2. Doctor Broun wl give you some advice.

3, Alamous designe wil redecorate he hot

4, Steven Spielberg Greced ET"

(@ tum trom Active into Passive. Omit the agent where it can be omitted.
1. Someone has broken the crystal vase. The crystal vase has been broken. (omitted)
2. Hs parents have brought him up t be polite.

3. Fleming discovered peniilin
4, They il avertse the product on television
5. Someone is remaking that fm.

(8) usina e Passe ask questions 10 mich ne bl ype words are answers.

1. Columbus discovered America Who was America discovered by
2. We keep money ina safe

3. A bee stung her.

4, They speak italian in tay

5. They have taken his aunt to hospital

6. The boys damaged the television.

12. The Passive

7. Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
8. He invited 30 people to his party.
9. They grow bananas in Africa,

1. You must leave the bathroom tidy... The bathroom must be left tidy.
2. You should water ths plant dal.

3. Our neighbour ought to paint the garage.

4, Ihave to return these books to the brary.

urn from Active into Passive.

(@ ru rom hove it passe as inte example:

1. He gave me a present 4, Her mother bought Mary some sweets.
Iwas given a present. (more usual)
A present was given to me. (lees usual)

2. The waiter wi bing us the bl. 5. Bob has sol Ted a second-hand car

3. The Queen presented him wih a medal. 6. Larrys going to send a letter to Tom.

@ in rom Ate imo Passo,

1. Someone is helping her with the housework. She is being helped with the housework,
2. A pickpocket robbed me

3. You must extinguish your cigarets.

4. The malkorder company sent Mrs Green a parcel

5. You must dy-clean this shi.

6. Someone will pay you within the next few days.

7. You can improve your heath wth more exercise

8. A dogis chasing the chil

(8 Tu trom Active into Passive.

1. My friend sent me an imitation. | was sent an invitation.
2. The cleaner is going to mop the kitchen floor.

3. The farmer is building a new barn

4. The secretary has given Mrs Jones some eters.

5. The trafic warden had already given him a ticket for illegal parking,
6. People must obey the law.

7. Someone had broken our door down,

8. They chose him as he best actor ofthe year.

12. The Passive

@ sporerio ro

to Lucy Fame. Complete the interview.

Rep: Its wonderful to interview such a famous person as you.
Lucy: Yes, you are very lucky!
Rep: know that you 1) … have been interviewed
(interview) many times before,
Lucy: Yes, have,
Rep: Also, | know that three books 2)
(Wie) about you
Lucy: Yes, they have - and another one 3)
(wite) atthe moment

Rep: Aim 4) (make) about your
lite two years ago, wasnt it?

Lucy: Ys, it was a biliant fim! The leading role 5) (play) by a beautiful young actress.

Rep: 6) any more fms (make) inte future?

Lucy: Oh yes, of course!
Rep: Where do you buy your clothes from, Lucy?

Lucy: I don't buy them! They 7) (design) especi

Rep: And what about your beautiful house?

Lucy: That 8) (bull) five years ago by an italian architect.

Rep: You must make a lot of money.

Lucy: | make lots of money and everybody loves me. Flowers 9) (send) to my
house every day

Rep: Not by me, thats certain!

the Passi

write the following passage

¢ sox, Some people saw a UFO in the sky above London last night. They reported
Un, ito polce. The army sent a helcopter o look at it more closely, The

UFO shot the hecopter down and kiled both men int. People have given

photographs ofthe UFO tothe police. Experts are looking at them now.

write the following passage in the Passive.

‘Somebody has stolen a bus from outside the school. Some children saw the thet. The police are
searching forthe bus now. They will use the childrens descriptions to catch the hiel,

12. The Passive

@ rewrite etonin passage in ne Posse

‘Someone broke into a local jewellery shop yesterday. The owner
had just locked up the shop when a robber witha gun threatened
Hf him. The robber told im to unlock the shop and give him al the
diamonds in the safe. Then Ihe robber ted him up. The police
have organised a search forthe robber. They hope they wil find
him ina few days. Doctors are treating the owner ofthe shop for
shock

@® none ne tloing pasage nthe Posi

My uncle painted his picture. Someone has offered him alt of
money for. He wil deiver the painting tomorrow. When they
give him the money he wil tl them the truth. He painted it one
right while he was sleepwalking!

Our schools organising a contest. The teachers will choose the best project about the environment. The
students must include pictures and drawings in their projects. The students wil lso have to do all the
wriing themselves. The school will give Ihe winner a set of encyclopaedia.

Write a news report in the Passive using the notes below.

‘A small Japanese vilage - hit - earthquake - lastnight. It think - there are few survivors. The time of
the disaster - give - as 7.00 p.m. The village - destroy - the force ofthe earthquake, Soldiers - send -to
the vitage - the Government to help in the search for survivors. Efforts - stil - make to clear the vage.
Further help - give - the Government soon. Since the survivor are homeless they take - to the next
vilage. Any further news - give - to you a it arrives.

ss

13. Conditionals

if the 200

It+ Presents. Future real or very probable

unless (= fnot) Imperative situation in the
canimustimay + bare infinitive present or future
Present Simple

Ihe comes late, we'll miss the bus

H you can't ford it, don't buy i. or — Unless you can afford it, don’t buy it
lf you see her, can you give her a message?
It water gets very cold it turns int ice.

it+Past$. wouldicouidmight improbable situation in the
+ bare infinitive present or future; also used
to give advice

If were you, | would see a doctor. (advice)
16! had money, | could buy a new car. (But don have enough money to buy one) (improbable sivaton)

it+Past Perfect — wouldicouldimight + Unreal or improbable
have + past participle situation in the past; also.
used to express regrets
and criticism

Ityou hadn't been rude, he wouldn't have fred you. (But

y were very rude and he fred you) (citi)

13. Conditionals

Study the following notes :

1. We put a comma after the i-clause when it 4. We do not usually use will, would or
Comes fist Should in anit-clause.
we go by plane, it willbe more expensive IN we take a tax, we wont be late.

Itwilbe more expensive if we goby plane. NOT twe-wilHske-atax-we-won'-be dale
However, we use Should after if when
we are less sure about a possibility.
If see him, I give it to him. (Perhaps |

2. Unless means if not,
Well go for picnic unless it rans.
Weil go for a picnic tit doesn’t rain.

willsee him)
3. After if, we can use were instead of was. It! should see him, l' give to him.
in al persons. (Perhaps I see him but mess sue)

If were you, wouldnt spend so much money.

@ ion in toving paso the sotenes

1.111 go on a diet. ‘A.well make a snowman, 1D
2.Ifits sunny tomorrow, B.lllbuyyousome chocolate. 2.
3. John doesnt hury, shell have to take a tax. 3
4. tenons, D. Milos weight. 4
5. there are no buses, E. hel be late 5
6. Ifyou are a good ir, E vello ora picnic. 6

unless or if.

@rivin:aness ort

1... IF. you make so much nose, won't be abe to sleep.

2. Mtellyou there are any messages or you.
3. [wont finish the work you help me

4 youte hungry, ll make you a sandwich,
5. Well mis the bus we hury.

6. They won't get married he gets a job.

7. You won't understand you Isten careful

D wee present condional (et yp

=

1. (eauput on weight) 2. (notwork hardose job) 3. (aivstay at home)
If he eats so much, he
will put on weight,

>

13. Conditionals

(@ Purine verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Add a comma where necessary.

{tthe dog keep (keep) barking, the neighbours wll complain.
2, The boss (be) angry if you arrive late for work agan
3. Ifyou (eat too much yout be sick

4 the weathers bad on Saturday we (say) at home

5. You should see a Gocori you (Cote) wa

6. you study hard you (pass) your exam.

(29 wnat would you do in each situation? Write unreal present conditionals.

call an ambulance, complain to the manager, run away, try to catch it
walk o the nearest garage to get some, ring the police

1. You findafyin your soup. 2. You see a burglar breaking 3. You see a mouse in
into your house. your Kitchen.

If found a fly in my soup, |
would complain to the manager.

4, Your car uns outof petrol. 5. You see an accident 6. You see a ghost in your room,

(O Purine vers in rats in the corect ins.

Sarah sa bored teenager. she 1). Joined. (join) a club, she 2)
(make) more friends. She 3) (enjoy) herset it she 4) (go)
out more. Her schoolwork is suffering too. I she 5) (study) more,
she 6) (have) better marks and she 7) (enter)
university. Unfortunately, she is becoming overweight. She 8) (tee)
fier i she 9) (stat) swimming, and she 10) (get)
thinner if she 11) (stop) eating so much chocolate.

13. Conditionals

Jenny is an overworked writer. Advise Jenny what to do in each situation.

A ,
a | xe”.
er, à BE
A |
1 can 588 à Ping 2..:1m red
¥:. fl were you, Id Y Y
clean my glasses!

4. dl realy cold 5. J: My hairs a mess. 6. d: ve got a toothache,
Y Y Y

@ rate vrs in tacto rec tens,

M John 1) hadn't overslept.. (novoversleep), he 2)

(note) late for work. Ihe 3) (noUbe) late for work, his
boss 4) {nobre) him. I John 5)

(novlose) his ob, he 6) (notineed) money and he
7 (notrob) the bank. ithe 8)

{abrob) the bank, the police 9) (notas) him.

1. (climb addertreak hs eg) 2. (ive crelul/avod accident) 3. John rn fastervin he race)
he hadn't climbed the
ladder, he wouldn't have
broken his leg

13. Conditionals

1.111 hadnt missed the bus, A. he would have gone to universi.
2. tse hadn't fil this morning, B. Chris wouldn't have given me flowers.
3. Ifthe food hadnt been awful, _C. she would have gone to school

4.Ihe had passed his exams, D. | would have accepted the job.
E
E

5. Ifthe salary had been good, | wouldn't have been late for work.
6. fit han been my birthday, we would have eaten it

(@ wot present, unreal resent or ura pas cocinas Then ae the
types of conditionals.

a
“aq

dl

1. (smoke so muchiet il) 2. (have money/buy burger) 3.(putoncoalícaloh cold)
I he smokes so much,
hell get il.
(tot type, real present)

5. (play with knifetcut finger) 6. (eave cupboard opentit head)

À

)
7}

7. (headachertake aspirin) 8. (leave fish tablecat eat it) 9. (eat so muchbe fat)

100

13. Conditionals

(8) Use Thomas's thoughts to write conditionals as inthe example, then state the
types of conditonals (eal present, unreal present, unreal past)

‘Thomas is on a desert island and he is thinking.

Tilmake a hu. dont want to sleep under the trees 6. Miimake an axe. Then | may be able

Eden have a bottle. D
Lean send a message.)

aide’ cut
ary branches

(O Purine veros in tract into the comettene

1.1fshe hadn't broken... (not/ break) the window, she wouldn't have had t pay fora new one,

2.00 (abe) co, hey wouldn't have lit he fire.
3. If she studied more, she (be) a better student,

4, They (not/see) the Queen if they hac visited London on that day
5. you should win that competition, you (be) rch

6. ved in France, | (speak) French wel.

They (lock the doors, the burglars wouldn't have got in,

8.We (have) a party i Alan passes his driving test

9.1 (Give) John your message i | should see him today.
10. They (nothave) any money it their cousin had lent them some.
11. Those plants (novgrow) if you dont water them.
12.1 would buy that bag (be) cheaper.
18.1 she (open) the letter, she would have been surprised

101

13. Conditionals

Oral Activity 22 (Chain Story)

@)
MO soins wns cats pet, os
ad turn make conditionals Type 1 about the person in the picture who
[is pouring orange juice, as in the example:
Teacher. Whe goes name lt, el got bed late
BR TeamASt: Ihe goes io bed le, ne wort wake up ear
NE Year Bt; the doesnt wake up ear. il miss he bus

Oral Activity 23

‘The students in two teams read the text and in turn make condtionals Type 3
There was a family who was very poor so they lived in little +
house. One day the children were hungry so the mother went
to the market. On the way she crossed a bridge and saw
‘something in the river. She leant over the bridge and her
purse fell into the water. sank to the bottom of the river so
‘she couldn't reach it. fish swam by and swallowed it. She
had no money so she went home. There was no food in the
house so she went fishing. She caught a big fish so she had
‘something to cook. She cut the fish open and found her
purse inside with all the money stil in

‘Team AS! : If they hadn't been poor, they wouldn't have lve in a litle house.

Team B St : Ifthe children hadn't been hungry, the mother wouldn't have gone to the market

Oral Activity 24

‘The teacher dvides the class into two teams and asks
the students to look at the picture. Then the teams in
turn, using conditionals Type 2, suggest as many
things as possible that would help John be heather.
Teacher: — John went to bed earlier,
he wouldnt be ted.
‘Team A St: It he didnt smoke so much,
he wouldn't cough.
Team B St: If he didnt eat so many sweets,
he wouldn't be so at, ec

Wire a letter of advice o a friend of yours who ist very healthy. (60 - 80 words)

Dear Tom,
You don't fee! well because you eat too much. ou ate less, you would feel beter.

102

Revision Exercises III
Revision Exercises |!

@ croose he cores tem

1. look foward. B you soon. 6.He suggested fora walk

Ajtosee B)toseeing C)see Ag B)go ©) going
2. Bob said he come to te party 7. Are you going to Rome his year?
buthe isnt sure yet. No.l there twice already.

©) needht ‘A)went 8) have gone C) have been

umbrellas his? I's Tinas. 8. She be only 30, she looks much older.

8) Which Who's A)mustnt 8) cant’) needn't

obey your parents When | artved at the party everyone
B)haveto — C)need A) danced 8) is dancing C)was dancing
the kitchen since 7 o'clock. 10. fd love the evening with you
has been painting A)spend B) spending C) to spend

1. Tete children ost >and wait forme. quietly
2. There's no point otk ta him.

3. Shell come when she wil be ready.

4, She made me to stay at home

5. Thor cris more bg than ours.

6. That asthe worse cake Ive ever eaten

7. The bank robbers arrested yesterday

8: This the most cheap shit | couldn.

8. Shall we got sk tomorrow?
10. Whose atthe door?

(O a questions an shot answers inthe example

1. An ives in London, doesn't she ?Yes, she does

2. Her daughter has moved to Swansea, 2 No, She's in London.
3. She isnt marie, Yes,

4. She hasn got any children, 2 Yes,

5. You visited them last summer, 7 Yes,

6. You didnt meet Tony, No, He was in Holand.

7. Hell be here in July, No, Hell st be in Holand.
8. He has been there a long time, Yes,

9, He isn’ thinking of staying there, 7 Yes, He tikes Holland a lot

10. Ann will never agree to that, No,

103

Revision Exercises III

inswer the questions using “too” or “enough”.

Fuk
ig]

eH hit

RE

1. Can he have a shower? 2. Can he jump? (rightened) 3. Can he go to work?
(cold) No, it's too cold. (vel) No,

4. Can they cary him? (strong) 5. Can he it it? (strong) 6. Can Bob win? slow)
Yes, No, No,

@ Tun trom Active into Passive.

1. They are giving her a promotion. She is being given a promotion.
2. A famous architect designed these buildings.

3. Van Gogh painted that picture.

4, Three people must sign this form.

5. The Queen will open the exibition.

6. Lighting has struck the tree,

7. You must complet this work today.

8. Fire destroyed the forest.

9. You can improve your English with more study.

@ ru ie toning passage no to Passe.

‘Someone found a skeleton in a cave in Ihe mountains yesterday
They have sent it oa laboratory. Scientists were examining it all
through the night. They have discovered that tis the skeleton of
a dinosaur from thousands of years ago. They ae sil carrying
‘ut tests. They are going to send to a museum when they have
completed the tests.

Revision Exercises III

@ ruin: tn on, rater ot, none oa.

Deborah and Sally are friends. They 1) both Ike sking and mountain-cimbing, but 2)
them likes watersports, so they often go on winter holidays together. Last winter they went

to Switzerland with 3) ‘their friends who ike sking, and they 4)
had a wonderful ime. Unfortunately 5) their friends had enough money to stay
more than a week, but 6) Deborah and Sally are planning to go again this
yeat.7) them would miss it forthe work.

Inthe village where ve theres a story that 1) someone hida great treasure many years ago
2) in the churchyard. 3) has ever discovered i, although many people
have tied. The story also says that if 4) discovers the treasure, he wll have 5)

but bad luck forthe rest of his life. At the end ofthe last century, a man from he vilage spent the night
in the churchyard looking forthe treasure. In the morning his fiends couldn't ind him 6)

Final, after many days, he returned to the vilage but 7) could understand 8)

he said, Lam not sure there 9) truth in the story, and I dont really want to ind out

Last Friday, my best fiend Emma 1) had... (have) a

party She 2) (justinish) school and she

3 (decide) to celebrate the occasion with

big party. She 4) (inuit) al her friends

and she 5) (buy) lots of fod and drink.

When the evening of the party 6) (arrive),

she 7) (have) a bath and while she

8) (get) dressed the doorbell

9) (ring). She 10) (run) to

answer it when she 11) (fa) over the bag of

food she 12) (leave in the hall and 13) (hu) her lg badly. When she

14) (manage) to open the dor, her friend Donna 15) (stand) there. She

(take) a look at her leg and 17) (say), 118) (take)

you to hospital. 19) (thnk) you 20) (break) your leg” When

Emma 21) (leave) the hospital she 22) (walk) on crutches. She
23) (neverimagine) she would have such a nasty experience on a day ike that.

105

Revision Exercises III

(O rere vers in rackets int the core om.

Last year decided 1) to explore . (explore) the ok house near our vilage. My litle bother refused
a (come) because he was tightened but my friend Geof said he didn't mind 3)
(go) with me. We arrived atthe house late one evening and began 4) (cli) he old dark
stairs. When we reached the top it was so dark that | couldnt see anything. To my horror Geott
seemed to have disappeared. Suddenly | heard something 5) (make) a strange noise which
made my hair 6) (stand) on end. At fit | thought it was Geoff who was pretending 7)

(be) a ghost. Then Geoff appeared behind me. We were scared, We didn't know what 8)

(do). We thought we'd beter 9) (leave) the house quickly. When I told my parents
what had happened they made me 10) (go) there again.

Fred Jones is an old man. He was born on March 17th 1923 in
Liverpool. He married Julie Tosh in 1951. She died last year.
He felt very lonely when Julie died. Now he lives in an old
people's home. Today he is celebrating his birthday with a
‘small party. The staff have helped him organise it. ll the old
people in the home have been invited tothe party and his
(grandchildren are coming this afternoon. Fred will blow out
the candles on his cake at 5 o'clock. Unfortunately he want
eat any ofthe cake because he doesn't ike cake at al

When was Fred Jones born? 7

$"

1
2
3
4 10.
5
6 12

1. Thad enough money, l' buy a new pair of shoes.
Siena Bahr

pelea

1 Wot ay thane
Pen

à LS AURA ane

ima vis open pri
pride ere
en

era ale

14. Relatives

Gc Relatives

Excuse me, but Tm the person whose seat this is)\ (Well, youre eitting on my ice-cream
a 7, That's the place

Iwas sitting.

Tell me the reason T ANG

1 should move. You say VTS

youre the man who was sitting here but can you prove It?
Relative Pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) introduce relative clauses.
subject of the verb of the object ofthe verb ofthe possession

relative clause (can't be omitted) relative clause (can be omitted) (can't be omitted)

‘She's he teacher wholthat came Thisis the man (whomithat) Thats theboy whose
to our schoo last week we hired last Monday. brother won the prize.
Thisis the house whichithat Here's thebag (whichithal) Thatsthebagwhose
belongs to my friend you let on my desk handle is broken,

1. That replaces who or which but is never used after commas or prepositions. That usually

{ollows superlatives and words lke something, nothing, anything, all, none, many, few.
‘Ann, who is very clever, did the puzzle in five minutes. (That is impossible here)

‘There's something that you don't know.

‘She's the tallest gi that Ive ever seen.

2 We avoid using prepositions before relative pronouns.
Thats the gi with whom | went to the party. (very forma)
‘That's the gi (whorthat) | went tothe party with. (ess formal, more usual)

3. Who, whom, which, that can be omitted when there is a noun or a pronoun (I, you, etc) between
the relative pronoun and the verb that is, when they are the objects ofthe relative clause.
‘The clock (whictthat) bought yesterday does not work. (Whichthat canbe omitted)
Where is the ing (whichthat) George gave you? (Whichthat can be omite)
A person who repais cas is a mechanic. (Who cant be omita)

107

14. Relativos

Relative Adverbs (when, where, why)

Time when (= ion which) ‘Thats the summer when it rained every day
Place where (= inloniatto which) Thats the hotel where we stayed.
Reason why (= for which) Can you tll me the reason (why) he led to me?

(O rain: vo whose, whieh or where

My school, 1) which... is called King Edwards, has about 2,000 students. My favourite teacher
2) is called Mr Brown, teaches sport. The sports centre, 3) I play basketball
and tennis, is the largest in the area. | walk to school every day with my friend Mike, 4)

father teaches me History.

G Complete the sentences using relatives as in the example:

1.A paiteris someone who 2. À supermarkets a place
paints pictures.

ba, El

4. Abulderis someone 5. Awidow isa woman 6. You can't ive in a house

(& Fit in: who's or whose.

1. My mother, whose name is Elizabeth, isa piano teacher.

: who's or whose.

2. She's the woman moved next dor.
3. Salyi the gi father won th lottery.
4, Helen is the person car was stolen.
5. Anns the one lost a lot of weight.

6. Timis the man

7. That the woman son was kiled in an accident

108

Fill in the correct relative pronoun. Then writ

14, Relatives

S for subject and O for object.

Finally state if the relatives can be omitted or not in the box provided.

1. Did you see the man who
The eggs
Please give me the keys

2
3
4. thatthe man
5

stole her bag?
you've bought are baa.

are on the table,

we saw inthe park yesterday?

Whats the name ofthe lady babysit for you?
Tom is playing withthe dog Ives next door.
Have you eaten all the cakes I made yesterday?

8. How old isthe man ‘owns tis shop?
9. Have you met the man Jackie is going to marty?
10. Lets al ook tthe picture is on page 7

11. Has Peter returned the money he borrowed from you?

12. What colours the dress youre going to wear tonight?
13. The police have arrested the man murdered his wie.

14. The parcel is on the table is your birthday present

15. We ill ask the man delvers our milk to leave an extra bot.

Is she the person ‘gave you this record?
We spent our holiday ina small town is near the sea.
The man married Kate isa milionaire,

Where ae the shoes 1 ought this morning?

| stil rte to that lady | met twenty years ago.

@ rnin: who, why. ere when, nich, or whose

Dear Mum and D Larrived! ele

2 the college

he day!) (when) Lar
ih, becaus

uter course, On

ye had a party.

Hi Well here’s my nem há
ney Lam very happy non THOU

| am studying has a compu

room | sha
voy3) roo
ednesday the boy) tar
ee great ful Thursday was good. The
as come so we had some

ime! Friday e gedit was that was

The reason 5)

‘boa. The photograph 6)

non the da

was tal
e bus.

waiting for the 7
must. go now! Write soon.

Ti have to catch up On my

Love, Tom

I

109

[not omitted

=
=

14. Relatives

(© soin the sentences using who, when, where, which or whose.
1. She's the gi. She works in the brary, She's the girl who works inthe library.
2. Cots an stand thas many beauttul beaches.

3, Heres the alarm clock. | baut yesterday

4, Ive spoken to John, His house was burled lat Monday
5. Tats the lay. Her jewelry was soln

6. Thats the ado. | won tin the competition.

7.John isthe man, His house was destoyed by he fe.

8, Theres the hosp. | was born thee

9. Tat was the summer. I met my wie hen

10, Thats Fiona Webb. She is a famous dancer
11. Holand isthe country. Th best cheeses produced thee
12.1945 was the year. The Second Woró War ended then
18, That’ the hotel | stayed thee lst summer.

14 Auguststhe month. Most people go on holiday then

Simon : Hi Nigel! Where did you go on holiday?

Nigel: I went to Greece 1) where I had a nice time

Simon : Did you see anything exciting?

Nigel: Yes. Iwent tothe Acropolis, 2) isvery
famous. also went tothe place 3) the fst
Olympic Games were held

Simon : Did you meet anyone interesting there?

Nigel: Yes, I met gi 4) was from England. She
knew a Greek family 5) lived in Athens and
she took me to meet them. They were avery rich and
kind family 6) friendliness made me fee very welcome.
‘Simon : sounds Ike you enjoyed yoursel!
Nigel: Ys, its a place 7) | would like to go back to.

Defining / Non-defining relative clauses

A defíning relative clause gives necessary information and is essential to the meaning of the
main sentence. The clause isnot put in commas, Who, which and that can be omitted when
they are the object of the relative clause.

This is the book (which) my friend wrote. People who smoke damage ther heath

A non-defining relative clause gives extra information and its not essential to the meaning
of the main sentence. In non-defining relative clauses the relative pronouns cannot be omitted.
That cannot replace who or which. The clause is put in commas.

Mr Brown, who lives next door, went to Australia last week.

110

14. Relatives

@ ruin appropiate lative, soy wether th relive clauses ro essential
Gent oie ering of te mal erence, thn dl commas wns ness

1.Paul, ho is a famous actor, went to school with my brother.

not essential

2. The pen ‘eft on that table has disappeared.
3. The woman ‘epaits our cars very friendly.

4. David ‘grew up in Canada speaks fuent French,

5. The man car was stolen has gone to the polce station.
6.Rye ‘my grandmother lve is near the sea.

7. Roger car has broken down slate for work

8. The Acropolis attracts many tourists is in Athens.

Fill in the relative pronoun. Put commas where necessary. Write D for

defining, ND for non-deti

19 and if the relative can be omitted or not.

1.MrBrown , who... teaches us French , comes from London.
2. The gil | met onthe bus looks ust ike my sister.

3. Peter Smith had an accident i in hospital.
4. The apples grow on these tees are delicious.
5. This apple pie | made yesterday tastes great
6. The fm | saw on TV last night was very sad
7. My friend Alex is a doctor works very ong hours,

8. John father is a lawyer has moved to Pars.
we pay tennis is expensive,

9. The sports centre

10. The vase Mother gave me got broken.
11, The summer | went to Spain| got relly sunburnt.
12. The car pres ae flats mine

13, The café | first met my husband has closed down now.

14, Simon mother is a vegetarian doesn't eat meat.
is by my house sells wonderful pies.

15. The bakers

@ match the phrases as in the example:

1. ablender path at the side ofthe road
2. apary something

3. an armehair a machine

4. apavement apiece of funiture

5. alork an occasion

1. À blender Is a machine you mix things with
2

3.

4

5.

111

you relax init
you mix things with it
people walk along it
People enjoy going to
you eat witht

14, Relatives

@® 5901 ne mistaos and cet hem

Tho tom 1) was bon has changed re ver the
last ity years. Now there i a modem shopping centro in the
glace 2) hat my school used tobe andl he Chien 3)
whose went her have grown up and moved aay. The cal
cinema, 4) hat was bu several years ago used be a
dance hal) which tig band played. The ar, 6) where
was my four place as a ch, snow a carpark. Some
things are ile same though Ms Jones, 7 whom is now
Seventy years al, ilies inthe High Steet and Mi ones
stil owns the baker's shop, 8) that his two sons now work
instoad of him. The hospital 8) here was born ini sil
Standing, though ts now much boga than twas al the :
Sie 10) which was born On the dy 1) wich my amily ane our hometown we wre al ver sad

1. where 4 1. 10.
2 5 8 "1
3 6 8.

Oral Activity 25

The teacher divides the class into two teams. The teams in turn choose word flashcards and make
sentences using the correct relative pronoun/adverb. Each correct sentence gets 1 pont. The team
wi the most points isthe winner.

word flashcards : calendarishows the date, watch shows the time, teacheriteaches students,
painterpaints pictures, park'go for walks, bus stop walt for the bus etc.

Team AS1 : Acalendaris something which shows the date.
Team B St : Awatchis something which shows the time. ec.

Complete the following letter using relatives and any other necessary words as well as commas,
Dear John,

‘Weimove intonew houselast month. Welalready mestolpeopleineighbourhond. lanlivelopposite
sibeidochor. His wieichildren/be about same age/melbe/kind woman. Mr Brownvlve!next doorhave!
dogicome into our gardenidig holes.

‘The dayıwe move n/a neighbours/come/our houseiwelcome usineighbourhood. Clase/house’
there be/parkiwe play ootballother chidreniveisame streets

Look fonvardhearou/scon

Love, Ted

112

15, Reported Speech

US): Reported Speech

is the exact words someone said.
We use quotation marks speech.

Is the exact meaning of what
someone said but not the exact words. We do not use He said that he would wait forme.
quotation marks in Reported speech.

Tm sorry to that you can't play Jay ¡(What did the doctor say?)

He said, ll wait for you"

We use say in Direct speech. We also use say in Reported speech when say is not followed by
the person the words were spoken to. We use tellin Reported speech when tell is followed by
the person the words were spoken o.

Direct speech She said to me, “lam very tired"
Reported speech: She told me that she was very red.
Reported speech: She said that she was very tire.

‘say good morning etc, say something, say one's prayers, say so

tell the truth, tell a le, tell a secret, tll a story, tell the time, tll the
difference, tell sb one's name, tel sb the way, tell one from another

@ ruin say orar intro coroct om.

1. The policeman said thal the man was Ying

2. Phiip it would probably ain tomorrow.
3. Susan ‘Lets go out for inner tonight

4.Jm me about the party last night

5. Our teacher he was pleased with our work

6. Yesterday my friend he (not) anyone my secret

113

15. Reported Speech

7. Stop les!
8. Could you please me your name?

9. The lite gi her prayers and went o bed.
10. really cant Jane from Kate, They are twins.
11.1 haven't got enough money. he to John.
12. He he would meet us later.

y
AZ
Ñ

Wecanreport: A.stalements B.questions C. commands, requests, suggestions

, advise, explain, etc)

1. To report statements we use a reporting verb (
followed by a that-clause. In spoken English that may be omit

2. Pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the meaning.

Direct speech : He said, cant fix it myselt”
Reported speech : Hosaid he couldn fit himself
3. Certain words change as follows : fica hee:
Direct speech : thisthese, here, come ‘can changes to
Reported speech , there, wil
“This is my book. he said. may * *
must" *

He said that was his book

114

15. Reported Speech

4. When the reporting verb isin the Past the verb tenses change as follows :

Direct speech

Present Simple
“1 can't remember his name; she sad

Present Continuous
“She's speaking to Joe” he said

Present Perfect
"ve bought you some flowers” she said

Past Simple
“He lost all the money” she said

Future
“Ill see you late he said

5. Time expressions change as follow

Reported speech
Past Simple

‘She said she couldn't remember his name,
Past Continuous

He said she was speaking to Jo.
Past Perfect

‘She said she had bought me some flowers.
Past Perfect

‘She sad that he had lost all the money.

Conditional
He said he would see me later.

Direct speech Reported speech
tonight, today this weekimonthiyear that night, that day, that weckimonth year

now then, at that time, at once, immediately

now that since

yesterday last nightiweekimonthiyear he day before, the previous nighweekimonth year
tomorrow, next weekimonthyear — the day after, the following day, the next weekimonthiyear
two daysimonthsiyears etc, ago IMo daysimonihsiyears et. before

“He arrived last week" she said. She said that he had arved the previous week.

6. There are no changes in verb tenses when the reporting verb isin the Present, Future or
Present Perfect tense or when the sentence expresses something which is always true.

Direct speech Shel say, can do 1 “The earth ls round aid he teacher
Reported speech She'll say (tha) she can doit. The teacher sad (tha) the earth is round.

7. The Past Continuous does not usually change.

Direct speech :

"I was traveling to Brighton while she was flying to the USA” he said

Reported speech : He said he was travelling to Brighton while she was flying tothe USA.

£8. Certain modal verbs do not change in Reported speech. These are: would, could, might,

should, ought to.

Direct speech: "He might visit us” Mum sai,
Reported speech : Mum said that he might vst us.

115

15. Reported Speech

(E Report what the guests said at a wedding last Sunday.

Memo) an
tue couple. \ HR

4

live in Brighton, 3. The, bride and the groom are |
Lu very nice young people.
(6. The brides father |

Presta
1.Miss Moore said (that) they would make a lovely couple.

2.MrSmih

3. Mrs Jones

4. MeRobers

5 Mr Clare

à Mis Mayall

In Reported questions we use afirmative word order and the question mark is omitted. To report
a , We use ask followed by the question word (who, whal, etc). When there is no
‘question word in direct questions, if or is used in Reported questions. Pronouns,
possessive adjectives, tenses, time expressions etc. change as in statements.

Direct speech: He asked, ‘What time is it?” He asked me, ‘Do you know her?"
Reported speech: He asked what time was. He asked me ‘knew her.

D report the police-oficer questions to the shop owne

EE How do you think they goin?)
What did they take?

1 What's your name?

2. Did you see the robbers?

3, What were they wearing?

1. The police-officer asked him
what his name was.
2.

3

15. Reported Speech

Reported Commands / Requests / Suggestions

To report commands, requests, suggestions etc we use a reporting verb (order, ask, tel,
advise, offer, warn, beg, suggest" ete) followed by to -infinitive or not to - infinitive.
suggestion y no Ang form og. He sac Sal me go y bus” He suggest going by bus)
Direct speech: He said to me, “Stop taking!” He said to me, Dont touch it”
Reported speech: He told me to stop taking. He fold me not to touch it

G Report what Mrs Lane told her babysitter to a
Doni answer the door
to anyone!
(2 Phoneme ruse
een!
Fo

Donte the children eat)

pie
EE

1. Mrs Lane told her babysitter not to answer the door to anyone.

Give the children a bath
before they goto bedl

6: Dont take the dog nto the
children’s bedroom!

7. lose all the window)

PURE toys away the
cupbosrdl

D Tu om Drect to Reported speech,

1. Ive ordered a pizza for dinner; he said. He said that he had ordered a pizza for dinner.
2. We must write a tler to our lawyer she said.

3. Iwill come tomorow and fix the tap” the plumber said to them.
4. Thisis the best holiday Ive ever had she said to her frend.

5. “Why did you say that to me?” she asked him.
6. Don't speak to you father ke that” she said to them,

7."Could you show me where the manager’ office is?” he asked the secretary.

8. “Take your books with you, she said t her son.

117

15. Reported Speech

(E creas reporting verb and tun he folowing rm Dict into port spec

advised, asked, ordered, suggested, explained, warned, promised, begged, offered, relused

1. "Ithnk you should take more exercise; the doctor said to me.
The doctor advised me to take more exercise.
2. "will not answer your questions; the actor said to him.

3."Irealy will phone this evening’ he sad,
4,"Do you know where Ive put my hat” he said to her.

5. "What have you bought me for Christmas?” te lite boy said to his parents.
6. “Go to your room now and do your homework" the mother said to her son,

7. "You willbe paid twice a month, her boss sad.
8. "Would you like me to drive you into town?” she said to me.

9. “Lets go fora walk” he sid
10. "Please let me come with you” she said o her mother.

11. Lets play inthe garden’ Ted said
12. The sun is bigger than the earth? Mary sad o he children,

13. Don't go near the fre because ts dangerous, she said to Ben.

14, "Lets have steak for dinner’ said June,
15. promise l' write to you as soon as | rive, Mary” said John.
16. Please, don shoot mel" he said to the robber.

First state if the following statements are true (T) or false (F) then turn

them from Direct into Reported speech.
1. Penguins can swim’ he said. He said (shat) penguins can swim
2. The earths at the ld man said

3. “The cheetah is the fastest animal inthe world” she sai.

4. A train goes faster than a plane, he said

5. ‘Dolphins are less ineligent than sharks he said

6. "Man does not liveforever she sad

118

15. Reported Speech

(& write the exact words the customs officer asked Tracy.

The customs officer asked Tracy it she had got anything to declare. He asked her i she had bought
anything inthe Duty Free shop. He also asked her which hotel she was going to stay at. Then he
asked her if she minded opening her suitcase. Next he asked her whose camera that was. He asked
her it she was meeting anyone there. Finaly he asked her what she had got in the bag and told her to

tosses
==

ee
E)

PE
@® wit o oxat words Mis Prim sald oer students
As ine sur a seeing, Sh nto Gh a one er

athe end of each lesson. She asked them not to write on the desks. Then she told them to pu their
hands up if they had a question. She also asked them not to eatin the classroom. She told them to
write everything in pen and asked them to throw their rubbish into the wastepaper bin. Finally she told
them noto leave the classroom without permission

(¡Done talk when Tr talking!

AT

Sally: Have you appled or the job? Sally asked Diane if she had applied for the job.
Diane: Yes, had an interview yesterday. Diane told her
Sally: How did it go?
Diane: Fine, but Im wondering i | want the job
because | wi have o move to Manchester.
Sally: What wil you do then?
Diane: they offer me the ob, cant accept

119

15. Reported Speech

Write what the family said at the dinner table

Does anyone want some) Pass me the im going to start
more potatoes?

Toit want

anything else,
Fo eat.

Es

Fa TER ee a
What are we having Im very hungry because ony Père salad Mum?
for dessert, Mum) had a sandreh for inch tod

1. Mother asked if anyone wanted some more potatoes
2 Father

3 Be

4 Grandiather

5 Grandmather

5. Tm

7. dean

8 Sam

9. Helen

10.800

@ wo tom diet Reported spech
The teacher said that Paris is the capital of France.

6. “The new guests will ave tomorrow’ explained the manager

7. “Greece is hotter than England; said George.
8. “Where is the post office?” Simon asked the stranger.

9.1 might go saling next week; Michael said
10. Don't eat with your fingers the mother said to her children

120

15, Reported Speech

Oral Activity 26

“The teacher divides the dass into two teams, St from Team A whispers an untrue statement into $2
ar. 82 report he statement to the dass then he/she whispers another statement into S2s ear. When
a student can't report a statement o think ofa new one the team loses its tur. The team with the most
correc sentences is the winner.

Team A St: (whispers) Im going on holiday next week

Team A $2: He said he was going on holiday the next week.
(whispers) have never eaten cheese.

Team A $3: She said she had never eaten cheese,
(whispers) | am 35 years ol.

Team ASA: She sald she is 35 years ald.

Teacher: Nol Team A loses its turn.

Oral Activity 27

‘The teacher chooses two students. One pretends tobe a famous pop
singer and the other a reporter who is hard of hearing, The rest of the
class pretend to be reporters. The teacher gives the reporters word
flashcards. They stat asking the famous pop-singer questions and helshe
answers, The deaf reporter asks, "What cd helshe ask and what did
hheshe say? The student who asked the question reports hiser question and the answer heishe got.

word flashcards : How old are you, Where do you live?, Are you married?, Have you ever been to
Madrid before?, Do you lke Spanish food?, Are you staying here long?, Have you visited Toledo?,
Who's your favourite actor?, Are you making a new LP?, Do you like sports cars?, Do you earn
lots of money?, When did you start singing?, Do you write your own songs”, Are you going to try
acting?, Do you work hard?, Can you fly a jet?, Do you play squash, What's your favourite food?,
Are you happy with your life?

eg. St: How old are you? 82: Where do you lve?
PS: Im25, PS: live in New York
DA: What id you ask? What cid she say? | DR: What cid you ask? What id she say?
St: | asked how old she was and she said] $2: asked where shelved and she said she
she was 25. lived in New York. ie

SS
Detective Daniels s iesgatng a murder. Read what uspeth questoned tod hn, hn ws he
detective’ report ave known James or many yas. have worked as his dvr for tn years. goton
very mel with in. an ble hes desd, The lat Im | aw him alive vas a 10 lc ast ight.
Grove him tot cinema in tom and fm thre On he way back ad la re. ik arte
home at about ‘lock. You can checks information with my wie. swe ir ki James!

121

16. Prepositions of Place - Movement - Time

on near under over

© se
B u # SE cos

above — roundíaround through among between

>; IST dé

infront of along across down

A? =. + gt

opposite onto of into out of past
next to/byibeside against over from .. to towards

in. + ces /towns / streets /the suburbs /an armchair / danger he middle of / the queue
at. + house number (at 23 Oxford St) / home / school / university / work / the bus-stop
on + the floor /the outskis / a chair / foot holiday
by + bus /taxi/car/ helicopter / plane train / coach / ship / boat ar sea

BUT oma/the bus /plane / train / coach / ship / boat — in atax/ car / helicopter

122

16. Prepositions of Place - Movement - Time

Grandmais siting 1) … under .. the sunshade
Dad is sleeping 2) the sunbed. Tim
is making sandcasties 3) Grandma,
‘Annis siting 4) Tim. The dogis hing
5 Dad. Mum is waiting 6)

the ice-cream tal. Jenny is hiding 7)

the ice-cream tal Petr is climbing 8)

stool. Sue and Bob are swimming 9)

) the sea. Some seagulls are tying 10)

the sea

Fill in: by, from..to, at, past, inside, out of, towards, across, against, under or
through.

‘This is Newton High Street. An old lady is walking
1)... past. the post office. Her dog is looking

ata cat which is hiding 2) acar
3) the car there is a man. A woman
is geting 4) the car. A policeman
is walking 5) the street
5 the bank. A boys bicycle is
leaning 7) the lamp post. The boy is
waking 8) the door ofthe sweet shop if
which is 9) the bank. Theres a bus
10) the bus stop. Its going 11)

Newton 12) Busworth

@ Fin in: oft, rund, onto, out of, in, above, across or by.

A bay has just fallen 1) … off... his bicycle
2) the busy street. A young woman is
running 3) the street to help him.
The boy's books have fallen 4) his
bag 5) the street and ar lying all
8) him. His jackets sil 7)
the bicycle basket. Two oils are standing 8)

the post box watching the scene.
9 them there's an open window. An old
woman is looking out o see whats happening

16. Prepositions of Place - Movement - Time

@ Fi in: on, in, by or at.

Last year when Iwas 1) on holiday I received a telegram asking me to go home immediately. 1
travelled 2) plane and landed 3) London at midnight, My fight was terible because
there were lots of babies 4) the plane with me and most of them cried throughout the trip. After |
let the airport, | waited 5) a bus stop for over half an hour but no bus came so | decided to
continue my journey 6) taxi. My sister lives 7) 10, Mil Road, Harton, and so | asked the
driver to take me there. The house is 8) the outskits ofthe town and it took quite a while to find
We had to stop 9) the suburbs to ask for directions as | had never been there before. When we

finally arrived at the house, my sister was waiting for me.

(E it in: in font of, between, behind, under, past, towards, at in or against

=) There arelots of people 1) Inthe bank
today. 2) the cashiers desk
there's along queue. Two cashiers are siting
3) the desk. The manager is
standing 4) the cashiers holding
some papers. There's a guard 5)

the door. He's leaning 6) the
cashiers desk. Hes gota gun 7)

his arm, An old woman is going 8)

the guard 9) the cashier. A man
wearing a hats standing 10) the
queue 11) a couple.

Mrs Moore is having a party this evening.
She's standing 1) among her guests

a the room pointing 3)
picture 4) the fireplace
‘There's a lt of food 5) the
table and 6) the table there

are several emplybottes. 7)
the fireplace isthe record player. Aman is
standing 8) it A waitress is
coming 9) the door holding
a tray of drinks. A man is leaning 10)

the wall 1) two
women, They are holding glasses 12) their hands.

124

16. Prepositions of Place - Movement - Time

Prepositions of Time

Ar IN ON
at8:15 inthe morring/aternoonight on Sunday
at Christmas Easter July (months) on Monday ete
at nightimiightnoon in summer (seasons) on March 28th
atthe weekend in 1991 (years) ‘on a winter night
inthe 20th century

Note: ontime = atthe right ime at 8:30 = exact at that time

in time = early enough, not late by 8:30 = not later than that tim, before

le, into, round, on or above

‘There are lots of people 1) in/inside the
‘Copper Key restaurant tis evening. 2)

each table there's a candle and a vase of
flowers. There are chairs 3) the
tables and a fireplace 4) the door
5) the fireplace there's a nce painting
A water is coming 6) the
Kitchen carrying a tray of food. Another water
is pouring juice 7) the glasses,
‘A couple has just come 8) the
restaurant 9) the door. The manager
is showing them 10) their table

125

16. Prepositions of Place - Movement - Time

(Duma m oyeron.

Last year 1) … a... Easter | went to England fora short holiday. arrived in London 2)... Friday
3 11 cock 4) …… the evening. | went to my hotel y ax, which got me there in about an
hour. Iwas so tired by then hat | went straight to bed. When | woke up 5) the morning |
remembered that had made an appointment to meet a rend 6) 1030. | thought could never
get ready 7) time, but nthe end | had reached the café 8) 10.15. My friend arived
9) time. 10) Clock we went to a restaurant for lunch and 11) the
aternoon we went to a museum.

(& Fi in: over, round, into, down, on, up, along, out of or towards.

Today is Chisimas Eve. The centre of NE 2
town is very busy. Lots of people ae
gong 1 into... and2)....... e |
shops buying Christmas presents.
Thay are waking 3) and
4 the set ooking inthe
windows. There are some children
dancing and singing carols 5)
the Christmas tree. À caris coming
8) the comer. thas a [$
Christmas tee 7) the roo
Aman is going to put some parcels 8)
his car. His wiles coming 9) the street 10) him with more pares. There
are Christmas decorations hanging 11) the street

@rin:ay onorin

Hightown Zoo opens 1)... at... 9o'o0k 2)... e morning. 3)... Saturdays and Sundays
it opens 4)... 10.30. I's à good idea to come early 5)... the summer because he 200 gets
very fl. The best time o vists 6) the afternoon because you can see the animals being
fed. The 20 first opened 7) Easter 8) 1903, But most ofthe buldings were buit
9....... the nineteenth century. People can vst Hightown Zoo 10)... ary ime, 11)

summer or 12) winter.’ ony dosed 13) Christmas and 14) ‘st January

(6) in zat,to,byorin.

Last summer, 1). ab... the end of Jui, went2) ....Notingham to visi a friend who was 3)
university there. larived 4). the afternoon and went 5)... bus to my friends house, which is
6)....... the suburbs ofthe own, 7). 128, Park Manor Road. My rind wasnt8) ..... home, so
| waited until she got back 9) 5 o'clock. 10) the evening we went out to have a drink
11) the oldest pub 12) … England, which was bui 13) … the 13th century.

16. Prepositions of Place - Movement - Time

(E ruin son. posto, sie behind under, over o below

‚John works 1).. at/in afm studio. He is.
a cameraman, He is siting 2)

his camera 3) a big light
Standing 4) John is a man
holding a microphone. He is recording the
actors, The woman 5) the
ladder is repairing a ight. She has a bag of
tools 6) her shoulder. There
are two actors 7) the studio,
They are standing 8) each other

with swords in their hands. 9)
them there is a gate and a wall. A woman is
sitting 10) a big chair. She is
holding a megaphone 11) her hand and shouting atthe actors. She isthe director of the fim.

Oral Activity 28

‘The teacher divides the cass into two teams and asks them to look atthe picture for Ex. 237 for 2
‘minutes. Then the students close ther books and answer the teachers questions in turn. Each correct
answer gets 1 point. The team with the most point is the winner.

Team BS1: In front ofa camera.

Teacher: No! Behind his camera.

Team B doesn't get a point.

‘Teacher: — Where does John work?
Team ASt: Ina film studio.
Teacher: Whereis he standing?

Oral Activity 29
The teacher vides the class into two teams. Then heishe says expressions of time without their
‘prepositions. The teams i turn give the missing preposition. Each correct answer gots 1 point. The
team with the mos! points is the winner.

Teacher: summer Teacher: Monday afternoon
Team ASt: in summer ‘Team BS1: on Monday afternoon etc.

Writing Activity 19 <<
Find a magazine picture and describe the poston ofthe people and things init, (60-80 words)

127

17. Articles

Articles

(Johnny, do you know where the Pyramids are?

No, miss, they must be lost. There
was a teacher here yesterday
asking the same question.

1. A/An is used with ‘nouns when we talk about things
An aeroplane is faster than a ain. A greengrocer sels vegetables.
(Which aeroplane? Aeroplanes general) (Which greengrocer? Greengrocers in general)

2, We often use alan after the verbs to be and
He is a photographer. He has got a camera

3. We do not use alan with or plural nouns. We can use some instead.
Would you Ike some tea? Yes, please! And Td like some biscuits

4, The is used before and plural nouns, both and when we
are talking about something or when the noun is mentioned
‘The boy who has just lefts my cousin (Which boy? Not any by The spect oy, he boy who has just lft)
There isa cat onthe sofa. The ca is sleeping, (The cal mentioned fora second time

5. We use the with the words
‘We go to the beach every Sunday.

6. We use both alan or the before a singular countable noun to represent a class of people,

animals or things.

AAfThe dolphin is more ineligent than athe shark. (We mean dolphins and sharks in general)
Dolphins are more inteligen than sharks.

Last night went to 1) an Indonesian restaurant | had
2) very nice meal with 3) good friend, Helen
4) waiterwas Chinese. 5) food was great. We
rank 6) bat of Coke. When we asked for7) bil we
ión have enough money, so we had to do 8) washing
up.ttwas not) good way toend 10) evening

128

an or the.

@ Fin: an or the.

lanivedat1) the airport justin ime to
see2) aeroplane take of. There is
nothing unusual about this, except that was
supposed tobe on that plane! When I went to

3 desk o ask when 4)... next
avallabl fight was, | heard 5) awl
noise. | turned t see 6) car crashing

through 7) front windows with 8)
departure gate 10)
chasing. | old him | was not 12)

his plane. He lt me go and I was able to catch 14)

The is also used before :

nouns which are unique.
Haven't you been tothe Acropolis yet?

2. names of cinemas (the Odeon), hotels (the
Hilton), theatres (the Rex), museums (the
Prado), newspapers (the Times), ships (the
Queen Mary)

3. names of rivers (he Thames), seas (the Black
Sea) groups of islands/states (Ihe Bahamas,
the USA), mountain ranges (Ihe Als),
deserts (the Gobi desert), oceans (the Paci)
and names with . of (The Tower of London).

4. musical instruments.
Can you play the guitar?

5. names of people families nationalities in
the plural
the Smiths, the English, the Dutch et.

tiles without proper names.
the Queen, the President

7. adjectives used as plural nouns (he rich)
and the superative degree of adjectives /
adverbs (the bes)

Policeman stopped me to see was 11)
‘armed robber but 13)

17. Articles

police ca ust behind it. As Iran towards 9)

‘armed robber they were
businessman who had missed
last fight to my destination.

The is omitted before

1. proper nouns.
Paula comes trom Canada,

2. names of sports, activities, colours,
substances and meals.
He plays tennis wel,
She likes blue, Coke isn't expensive
Lunch is ready.

3. names of countries (England), cities
(London), streets (Bond Street), parks (Hyde
Park), mountains (Everest, islands (Cyprus),
lakes (Lake Michigan), continents (Europe).

4, the possessive case or possessive adj.
This int your coat, ts Kat

5. the words “home” and “Father/Mother"
‘when we talk about our own home/parents.
Father isnt at home.

6. titles with proper names.
Queen Elizabeth, President Kennedy

7. bed, school, church, hospital, prison, when
they are used forthe reason they exis.
‚John was sento prison. BUT: His mother
went fo the prison to vist him last week

129

17. Articles

@ runs" mer aces

Lis _X° Lisbon. the capitalol > Portugal?
21s. Maliain Mediterranean?

3.5. Parsin United Kingdom orin France?
4 Whereis Sahara Desert?

5.What is biggestislandin Greece?

6.Whatis capital ot. aly?

7.16... Indian Ocean bigger than Arctic Ocean?
8.ls Everest the highest mountain in... world?
9.Where are... Malaand Corsica?

10. Where are... Mississippi River and... Thames?

@ ris norte.

A1) the weekend, Alex and Amanda went to
2) theatre, They saw 3). great play called

“I Would Die For You’. 4)... play was 5)

romantic story about 6) Ives of 7)... couple

in love. After going to 8) theatre, Alex and

‘Amanda went to 9) restaurant. They both ate

10)... very large meal. Amanda had 11)

huge bow ol spaghetti and Alex had 12)

‘enormous plate of various kinds of meat. 13) spaghetti and meat were followed by chocolate cake.
‘After leaving 14). restaurant, Alex and Amanda got 15) … taxi home. On the way home they saw
16) nasty car accident. 17)... yellow car had run straight nto 18) … black van. 19). yellow
car was badly damaged. 20) … tax driver had to take Alex and Amanda home by another route.

Fin rte mer necesa

Last year 1) the. Smiths went on holiday to 2)
London wit ther iends 3). Browns. They visited 4)
Hyde Park and went on) boat pon)... Thames.
7) Mis Brown visited 8). Buckingham Palace
hoping to see 9). Queen, Unorunatey 10)

Queen Elizabeth wasnt at 11)... home a the time

Lis 4 tomato a fuitor a vegetable?
2ls apple. redor bue?
3,Whatis cplalof France?

17. Articles

4, When we vst London we stayed at Hiton Hotel
5.D0es AiverSeinerunthrugh Parisor Madrid?
6.15 IndanOceanlagerthan Mediteranean Sea?

7.6 NewYokin USAorin Canada?

ls elephantbiggerihan alligator?

9.Does Amazonrunthrough Alicaor South America?

the” where necessaı

John : Do you want to come to t) the theatre with me tonight?”

Ann: Sorry, can't. m going to 2) restaurant with my cousin from 3). America

John : What part of 4)... USA does he come from?

Ann : He lives in 5) Colorado, near 6) Rocky Mountains. He's quie 7) famous
man in America. He plays 8) guitarin 9) rock band. Infact he's giving a concert at
10) ‘Odeon in 11) Regent Street tomorrow evening

Brunner.

ALOh,1) 4 glovel Where's that from?

Brits 2) glove Michael Jackson wore inthe “Bad” video!

A: Why's there 3) can of Pepsi here?

8: Oh, that's 4) can that Michael drank from in the Pepsi
advertisement,

A: Oh and 5) old pai of flared trousers. Theyre horrible.

B: Theyre my prize possession. Those are 6) trousers he
wore when he was with the Jackson Five!

AA: Oh and let me guess, this was one of 7). bananas Bubbles ate!

8: No, dont be stupid, that was my breaktast!

1) X Austalais 2) interesting county. 3). Ausalans are very trendy, happy people. Some
of 4) strangest animals in5) word ive ther. In6) Great Victoria Desert you can ind
kangaroos and 8). koalabears.9) most famous cy n Australais 10)... Sydney

The teacher divides the class into two teams. Then he/she says words and teams in turn add the”
where necessary. Each correct answer gets 1 point. The team withthe most points is Ihe winner.

where necessar)

Teacher: Taj Mahal Teacher: Aegean Sea
Team ASt: the Taj Mahal Team AS2: Aegean Sea
Teacher: Alps Teacher: Nol the Aegean Sea.
Team BS1: the Alps Team A doesn't get a point

131

18. Wishes

Christopher |
Columbus? |

| wish (if only) + We express a wish about a
(vih about the presen) present situation which we
want tobe diferent.

| wish he werelwas with us now.

+ We use this pattern for a wish
or regret inthe present
‘concerning lack of abit.

wish (1 only)
(wish about the present)

| wish he could learn faster.

I wish (if only) 4 la We express a wish for a
(wish about the future) + ‘change inthe future.
(we never say

| wish he would stop drinking so much

| wish (it only) + We express a regret or a wish
(egret about the past) that something happened or
didn't happen in the past.
| wish he hadn't falle his test.

1. “If only" means the same as “I wish” but it is more emphatic.
1 wish he could help me. If only he could help me. (stronger, more emphatic)

2. After“! wish” we may use “were” instead of “was” in ll persons.
1 wish | wasiwere rich,

132

18. Wishes

‘The house is so old and dirty. She has to paint it. The house doesn't have central heating. The
Kitchen is small,

I wish the house wasrıt.

30 old and dirty.
2

(O rate was tings to be tere inthe ar, Wit wha she wish

| want my father to give me more pocket money. | want my brothers to stop fighting. | don't
want my mother to make me eat vegetables. | don’t want my sister to wear my clothes.

Twish my father would give

me more pocket money.
E eo

He left his job. He didn't listen to his wife. He robbed a bank. He was sent to prison.

1 wish | hadn't

Left my job.

2

& rin wish abou ne presen regret about the past wish sbou he
future; then write what the people wish.
1 gr bou ta past. 2

Iwish | hadn't eaten | |
190 many cakes
So

He ate too many cakes. He is not good looking. She broke her le,

133

18. Wishes

oes
ve
RR
Fersen ntm a Stan set He og ardent
ar sur Br “ei
2
|
|
Wewasroetonstcss Meter Scant ype ast
vet lst Se wan ge

+
His mother shouts at him He talks too much and she His caris very old but he
altho time, doesn't ike it cant buy a new ane.
13, sa

She stayed in te sun to long. She is sad because she is poor. He stayed out at last night
134

18. Wishes

what Hilda says and write what she wishes.

(Dre:

| didn't go to university. | didn't get any qualifications. | can't find a better job. The telephone
never stops ringing. My boss doesn't like me. like tobe rich. always fel tired. It was wrong
of meto shout at Ann,

(1 Tish Thad gone 5

10 university. >
(2 q
( 3. 7.
(

é 5

@ voto nata pope is y ad or hadnt done sn the amp:

1. John drov his car o fast that he had an accident.
John! wish I hadn't driven my car so fast. | wouldn't have had an accident.
2. Juie was late and she missed the beginning o he film,
Jue:
3. Jack ate too much and he was sick
Jack
4. Clare was very nervous during her diving es and she din pass
Clare
5. Susan din take of her go ring when she went swimming and she lst nthe sea
Susan
6. Terry and Jane didnt save any money so they did't goon holiday last summer.
Terry and Jane

@ rune conector fhe eos in rackets,

2, He wishes he (buy) that book last week - now he hasn't got enough money.
3. tony (be older, | coud have a diving licence,
4,Lwish | (can) remember where that book is.
5. Tony wishes he (Go) to Paris with his brother, but he has to work.
6. only the dog (noveat) he tickets - now we can't go tothe show.
Ton (noUmake) hat mistake yesterday.
8. wish this box (note) so heavy - cant itt
9, We wish we (notleave) the gate open. Now the dog has escaped.
10. Paula wishes she (have) more time for gardening, but she hasni.
11. Mrs Brown wishes she (vito) those letters yesterday.

18. Wishes

(& Using the bola type in the sentences, write wishes asin the example:

1. You left the radio on and now the batteries don't work.

You say," I wish I hadn't left the radio on.
2. i's very dark outside and you can't find your torch.
You say,
3. You didn't do your homework and your teacher is angry
You say,
4. You are looking ata beautiul ower. You don't know what it is calle.
You say,*
5. Rs rining outside and you want it to stop.
You say,*
6. You stayed up late lastnight and today youre very tired.
You say," A
7. You are having a party but nobody has come yet
You say,"
8. You have short, straight har. You would lke long, curly hair.
You say,"
9. You have just lett your house and let the keys inside.
You say,*
10. tis Christmas Day and it doesn't lok like it is going to snow.
You say,

11. Youve inthe city You prefer the countryside.

‘The teacher dvides the class into two teams. Then heishe pretends tobe
‘a magic genie. The teams in turn make wishes. Each grammatically
correct sentence ges point. The team wit the most points is the winner

Team ASI: wish tad alot of money.

Team BSt: | wish | were taller.

Team AS2: wish am famous,

Teacher: No! wish | wasiwere famous.

Team A doesn't get a point.

The teacher divides the class into two teams. The teams in turn make sentences about what an
unhappy housewife wishes to change in her ie inthe future. Each grammatically correct sentence gets
4 point. The team withthe most points is Ihe winner.

TeamASt: Iwishmy chidren would get better marks,

TeamBSt: wish my husband would come home earlier. et.

136

Revision Exercises IV

‘The teacher divides the class into two teams. Then he/she hands out flashcards tothe students with
situations on them. The students in turn make sentences expressing regrets inthe past for each
situation. Each grammatically correct sentence gets 1 pont. The team with the most pains isthe winner
word flashcards: feel tired, have stomach-ache, have a headache, have a cold, feel depressed, feel
Sick, fee hot, have toothache, have a sore throat, have sore fee, oc.

Team À Si (el tired) | wish I had slept more.
Team B S1 have stomach-ache): I wish I hadn't eaten so much last night. etc

Read the following letter then rewrite it using wishes.

Loi aies ite. I would like to complain to

\ eatery ce dhe an a safe ery imp :
ar 1 really miss my friends and my family and feel like

the manager but he is never here.

going home tomorrow! —

Revision Exercises IV

window.

2. Martha feeds the baby when |arived at her
house

3. He told, Tm tired.

4, Simon plays the piano wel, cant he?

5. He would lke going to Madrid when he
finishes university

6. ave the office when | wil irish,

7. She hasn't met him for ast year.

8. You mustn't make the beds. ve just made them.

9. By the time the police arrived the burglars
escaped.

10. Both of them is from London,

137

Revision Exercises IV

@ Rewite the sentences using the words given in bold type.

1 Ldn ink he rich 5. Its just possible that hel phone tonight.
CANT He can't be rich may

2. isnt necessary for you to take a jacket. 6, You are not allowed to talk during the exam,
NEED MUSTNT

3. Shall help you with your luggage? 7. They don't have to go to the meeting this
WouLD evening,

A. advise you to see a dent. NEEONT
OUGHT

@ a questons and sort answers she exam:
Toate nay, haste Ts hehs

À con ou En oes

‘Parser elu ns

5 bead esa Mensen

@ worm ave mo Pasi

1. Professor Hoskins taught my brother. My brother was taught by Professor Hoskins.
2. David is going to paint the kitchen.

3. Someone had set the building on fre.

4. You haven’ fixed the ta.

5. People should throw ter into the bin

6. Her boyfriend gave her a diamond ring.

7. he repairing Mr Smith's car?

8. Calvin Klein designed her dress.

@ ri ea or an amer necessary

Socrates was 1) an ancient Greek philosopher. He was born

ina) Mens) sonol4)——sculpto,in) year
4708. Hetoughtas 6) solderin?) Peloponnesian 7
War Socrates maried) woman hese name was Xantrpps A ]
9) woman had 10) very bad temper. Socrates was RU
accuse seing 11) bad example o 12) youhal SEXES

13)... Athens and was sent to 14) — prison. He died by taking 15) poison.

1.1fshe_ hurries (hurry), shell be in time forthe meeting
2.ithe {naeat) so much, he wouldn't have felt so il
3. you (90) o the marke, wil you get me some fut?”

138

Revision Exercises IV

4. you washed the car, it (look) much beter.
5. They (cing) us if they had been in town,

(& rit in : next to, beside, between, behind, across, in, over, along, on or under.

Michaelis sing 1) besido. there. Michaels dog
2 Bing?) him. His end Jenny is standing
3 aies. There s abo) the

bridge and a man 5) the boat. He's fishing
3 too. There is a man riding his motorbike 6) the
road. A mans driving acar7) the bridge. There
isaman8) the motor. He is walking
9) the road. There are some bids fying
10) the river and there is agi ing
m the grass 12) two trees

(E) write questions to which the words in bold type are the answers.

Peter went on a schoo tip o Paris. He went there last summer. He stayed there for five days. He
was with his class. They had a fantastic time. They saw the Mona Lisa. This painting is in the
Louvre. They also climbed up to the top of the Eifel Tower. Peter had never been abroad before.
He's planning o goto Pars again next year. He likes Paris very much.

Where did Peter go 2 6
2

28
29
? 10

1
2
3.
4
5.

@ Peni ine totovingpassge inthe Passive Vie.
zoe oe Nara Nw rt Hr cont se some
parr ne pe ie. pi ans bo ak o ey

@ ri ent sng Ps Simple or Present Pr Simple o Connon,

Tony Wiliams 1) has been working (work) for°Music News" for seven years now, and he loves.
his job. He 2) (star) there as a messenger boy when he was sixteen and he 3)

(become) a reporter after two years. Since then he 4) (interview) many famous stars
and he 5) (wie) hundreds of articles. For the past hour anda half he 6) (tak)
to Tanya Tanner, the beautiful singer and actress, but he 7) (cotfnish) the interview
yet because he finds her very interesting

139

Revision Exercises IV

(O inte ats using the appropriate tens

Milton Jackson is a Jamaican who 1) lives. (live) in Manchester. He 2) (leave) his
Ton nego obras edhe ana.) (a on o
e us CE Dur ab fo Som
(an aoe attend (Grose ne ke
D endanger lesan e) ony ra
Doma ot aga De (an) fa,
sas beer a tar A1) auto aay
tn ue Ho) bo tone oso les
Bee pant scboesayarpoy Sse)
(arrive) in England, Milton 16) (90) to Manchester with his new friend and met her brother,
torn (nc tn an ape one are
E] lo Ere endeai naa ed
Gos 22) (mata nena car
Wha a Welter hn) Grime seine et ap

(& Fit in withthe correct form ofthe verbs in brackets.

(One rainy Saturday it was too wet 1) to go _ (go) outside so | decided 2) (spend) the day
clearing out he atic. | was busy 3) (clear) away some papers when | natced something which
‘made me 4) (stop) what | was doing. Iwas a dusty old diary. Without 5) (hesitate,
Lopened it and was surprised 6) (se) it had belonged to my grandmother, now dead. | spent
the rest ofthe afternoon 7) (read) it and was surprised 8) (learn) many
interesting things about her past | knew it would be worth 9) (have) it published. was right,
and have only one regret; wish my grandmother could 10) (be) here to enjoy the fame.

(@ Peat xn por manta saying and we tte ses

I've always wanted to travel to Bal. don't have much money. I've lost my job. I can't find
another job. smoke a ot. don't have any friends. Im poor. | didn't finish school.

Twish | could travel

WU

140

Revision Exercises IV

@ wre unas o pope sad

Chall we got
(Couldyou passe) (Ti cheeseburger) — \ the cinema?
[che ketchup

| James,

| more French
fries?

A|

Don't eat with your fingers James,

been to this restaurant.

1.Jos asked James if he could pass him the ketchup.
2. James

3.Pam

4 Peter

5.Ted

6.Saly

7.Tom

8. Paul

(& Fi in ne blanks using Past Perfect Simple or Continuous.

‘esterday was on ofthe best days of Chariot’ il. She ) had had (have lovely nights
sleep and woke up fing wonder. Ate she 2) (ea) a deliou brest che opened
her post and dscovere she ) (win) 2100 in a crossword competition. She 4)

(co) cresswors for years but she 5) (never) a competition bet.
Then she wen fo work and stated ping ltrs for her boss. She 6) (lyon)
for ha an hour when shereeited a phone cal rom a range man who sai he 7)
(ty) contact her o ays. He was lawyer who tl er hat her rat unl, whom she 8)

(revermeet 9) (de) and it her £500,000 ini wit

@ rune nt using Past Simple or Continuous,

Yesterday 11) was walking (wal) through the woods with my dog, Eric. The sun 2)

(shine) through the trees and the birds 3) (sing). Suddenly, Eric 4) (star)
barking and 5) (run) off into the distance. 16) (chase) him, but as |
7 (cun) through the trees 18) (tip) over a stone and 9) (fal)
to the ground. When 110) (look) up couldn't believe my eyes. Eric 11)

(play) with a fox! They 12) (col) around inthe leaves, barking playtuly. Unfortunately
when | 13) (stand up), the fox 14) (run) away, so 115)

(catch) Eric and 16) (take) him home

141

‘Summary of Tenses

(O rnin tente using who, which or where

Egypt 1) which issituatedin north-east Africa, is a country
2) you can find many interesting things. In ancient times.
the Pharaohs, 3) were regarded as gods, were buried
in the pyramids. These are huge stone structures 4) took
hundreds of years to build, The workers 5) started to
build them never saw them finished. Each pyramid contains many
rooms, the most important of 6) is the burial chamber,

n the body ofthe Pharaoh was kept. ti said that anyone 8) enter tis room wil

have bad luck forthe rest of his life. But the great Pyramids are not the only things 9) atract

People to Egypt The Sphinx, 10) is situated near the Pyramid of Katte is a huge dog-ike

sfafue,Itwas meant to guard the tombs from anyone 11) may have tied to rob them,

Summary of Tenses
‘The Verb “to be” Past tense “to be”
Afrmatve Negae Interogative ‘Afimative Negative Intemogatve
lam Imnot amit twas wasnt Was 2
You are Yousrent Are you? Youwere Youwerent Weroyou?
His Helen tano? He was Hewasnt Washe?
She's Shelsnt lane? Shewas Shewasnt Wasshe?
nis ist isn? was Rms Wasi
We Are mo? Wewere Wewerent Werewe?
You are ‘re you? Youwere Youwerent _ Wereyou?
eye Teyarent Arethey? Theywere Teywerent Were hey?
‘The Verb “to have” Past tense “to have”
‘Aemative Negative Interogatve ‘Airmative Negative Interogative
Ihavegot Iavemt(gol) Have got? nad Idignthave Didihane?
Younavegot Youhaventigo) — Maveyougot? Youhad Youdknthave — Didyouhave?
Hehasgot Hehaant(gpt) Hashe got? Hehed Hediinthave Dida have?
Shehasget Shehasnt(got) — Masshegol? Shehad Shedidhthave — Didshehav?
nasgot hasnt (go) Hasit got? ithad inéidethave Didthave?
Wohavoget Wehavert (got) Havewegot? Wehad Wedénthve id we have?
Younavegot Youhavent(got) Haveyougot? Yeuhad — Youciánthawe Didyouhaver

‘Theyhave got They haven" (got) Have hey got?” Theyhad Theydlanthave Did hey have?

The Verb “can” Past tense “Can’
Alfmative Negaive Inerogative Alfimativo Negative ——_ntrogatve
Lean cant cant could eouldnt Cog

Youcan Youesr Can you? Youcould Youcouldnt Could you?
Hecan Hecant Canhe? Hecould Hecount Could he?
Shecan Shecant Canshe? Shecould Shecouldnt Could she?
ean cant ann Mo Meoudnt Coat

Weean Weeant Canwe? Wecould Wecoudnt Could we?
Youcsn Youcant Canyou? Youcouls Youcoulént Could you?
Theycan —Theycantt_ Canthey? They could They couldn't Could they?

142

Summary of Tenses

Present Simple Present Continuous Future Simple
Alfmative — Negativo ‘Airmative Negative Afirmathe Negative
Hak dont Lam taking Tmnottiking talk Mont
Vouuk Youdontük Youaretaking Youarentiaking Youwilltak You won' ak
Metals Hedoesnittäkete. — Melstaking Heisntilkingele. — Mewiliakk Hewonttak ete.
She talks She's taking She wil tak
aks Interogatve itistking Inlerogaive Multi terrogative
Wetak Doltalk? We retaking Am talking? Wow tak Shall tk?
Youtsk —Doyoutak? Youare aking Areyoutaking? Youwialk Willyoutak?
‘Theytalk —Doeshe tak? etc. Theyare talking Ishetaking? ete. — Theywiltalk Wille tak? ete.

Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous
‘Afimative Negative Alfrmative Negative
ave takes thavent talked Ihave been talking haven't been talking
Youhavetalked — Youhaven talked You have been aking You haven't boon talking
Hehastalted Hehasntilkedele. ‘He as been talking» He hasnt bon aking et.
She has taled She hasbeen taking
hastakeg cd has been aking Megane
Weave talked Have! talked? We have been aking Have eon taking?
Younavetalked Have you talked? You have been aking Have you Been aking?
They havetalked Has he talked? et. ‘They have been taking Has he been taking? le
Past Simple Past Continuous
Attmative Negative Aftrmatve Negative
Hae Ue tak 1 was talking ‘wasting
You talked You dan tak You wer taking You werent talking
He talked He dn tak et. He was talking He wasn't aking et.
She talked She was taking
takes Ietrrogtive itwas talking tragen
We talked Dita? We were talking Was taking?
You talked Did you tak? You were talking Were you taking?
Theytalked Did ak? et. ‘They were tallng Was ho talking? oc.
Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous
Amate Negative Atfrmativo Negative
Inadtaed Thad talked had been taking Ihadnt ben taking
Younadtalkes You had talked You had been taking You hadnt been talking
He hadtalted Hehadnitialkedete. Hehadboentaling He hadn't een talking etc
She had takes She had been taking
ithad talked nerogalve, had been taking” Megane
Werad talked Had talked? We had been taking Had been aking?
Younadtaked Had youtaed? You had been taking Had you been talking?
They had aed Had he talked? et ‘They had been aking Had he been taking? ec

143

Irregular Verbs

be was ie lay

bear
teat
become
begin
de
Bon
break
beg
ald
dum
burst
buy
eaten
choose
eal
“
de
dan
ean
rok
ive
tal
feed
‘eal
‘ant
fd
oy
toba
forget
fo
tee
ot
ge
E
gow
tang
ne
ale
ep
row
lay
eas
lean
leave

ore
beat
became
began
be
bw
boe
bought
ult
burst
bu
one
caught
co
om
cu
ar
49
Gé
don
Geant
dark
son
ate

ie

‘at
fought
tara
tow
that
toga
forgave
tone
e
ome
gen
dung
ad
eae
ig
tala
ran
ta
pue

leant

int

Bone)
eaten
become
bogen
en
Bou
ronan
brought
uit
bam
bust
bought

(been abet)

caught
chosen
as

er
coat
pr
done
awn
Guam
unk
en
caen
falen
fee

‘et
fought
tauro
town
terbaden
fergoten
foren
tren

ven
gore
gown
hung
rad
oad
cen
m
eld
on

lag

leant

tent
re

144

to
lose
male

sy
sal

Sale
sine

stow
au

a
seep
srl

E]

derstand

ete

ry
lost
made
mann
met

i
lest
made
mean
ma
pas
pa
read
odon

‘en

Pre - Test 1 (Units 1-4)

@ Putthe verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous.

Dear Clare,
19 (love) Manchester! | 2) sn (WORK) fora
translating company inthe city centre at the moment. | really 3) (enjoy)
the work, and the people here 4) (be) very tiendly. We 5)

(90) to the cinema once a week and tomorrow Bill 6) have) a
pary.17) (stay) with my aunt and uncle until 8)
(find) a fat of my own. They 9) (help) me alot, butt 10)
(be stil hard work trying to ind somewhere to stay,
Write soon,
Jo

(© Putte verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous.

Dear Isabel,
Oxford 11) (be) beautiful 12) (study) German
and Russian atthe University here. 119) (find) the work very interesting,

but ificut! The other people on the course 14) (feel) the same way!
We al 15) (meet) up once a week to discuss the lectures and
‘compositions and tomorrow we 16) (go) to London foran
important lecture. 1 17) (stay) in Student accommodation for the
moment, but some of us 18) (look for) a house to share. The
food inthe hall 19) (be) disgusting, so we usualy 20)
(have) lunch in a smal restaurant near the University
Wie soon,
Bill

© Fin: has - have been info, has - have gone to.

21 Belinda the dentist. Shell be back at 6.00 pm.
22 Nigel and Nancy isso on honeymoon, saw them yesterday
23 They the office for hours! What are they doing?
24 The Browns Vienna on holiday. | hope they are having a good time.

(© Fin in: has - have been into, has - have gone to.

25 Sarah ‘Austria for six weeks. | don't think she is ever coming ba
ir ing back.

26 Im sorry, Mrs Bowes is not here. She Munch on business
21 They Russia before. Haven't you seen their photographs?
8 the doctor's and he has given me some pills.

145

Pre - Test 1

© Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the past simple.

Tina: What 29)
(you/do) last weekend?
Jane: 130) (spend) the
weekend in Bristol and | 31) ..
nine (ustreturn).
Tina: 132)
(never/bo) to Bristol. What's it ike?
Jane: Friends of mine 33) vue
(ive) there for ve years so they
know some interesting, fun places.
Tina: 34) = (youlenjoy) yourself?
Jane: Yes. 1135) (be) great! 136)
... (not/have) such a good time for ages.
Tina: That's good. 37) (youldecide) what you're
doing this weekend?
Jane: 138) A (already/invite) my fiends from
Bristol to stay with me for the weekend,

© Pat re verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the past simple.

John: dont know where to go on holiday this year. Have
you got any ideas?

Darren: 39) (oulever/be)
to Spain? | 40) (go)
to Madrid and Barcelona last year and I really
41) a (ONJOY) MSO
142) (spend)
‘wo years in Spain while | 43)

(be) at University. | 44)
(neverivisit) South America, though,

Darren: A rend of mine 45) (work) in Brazil before. | think
you 46) (meet) her once. Do you remember Kate?

John: Oh, yes. She 47) (love) tin Brazi Maybe I
talk to her about it

(© Fewrite the sentences in the correct order.

48 plays/piano/sheythe/beauttlly
49 smal/shela/Frenchibrowntable/has

50 gave/merhe/beautfulring/a/gold

51 neverlarives/he/beforelat work/10 o'clock
52 worela pair of/shoes\plastc/blackiold/she

146

Pre - Test 1

© Fewrite the sentences in the correct order.

53 always/wrtes/neatyishe
54 owns/sheflovelylahouse/old

55 lat 6 o'clock/every day/swimming/go
56 by taxito work/comesfusually/ne

57 neverto the beachin winter/go/we

© Fill in: than, of or

Hi, Jane. | saw 58)
(good) firm ever lastnight.

Jane: What was it called?

Bob: “Back tothe Future”. twas 59) :

.. (@XIHING) “TOD Gun” and it was
60) (funny) any
other comedy Ive seen this year. Michael J. Fox is
61) (handsome)
man ... {he world! He is a much 62)

(900) actor……… TOM Cruise.

‘And the car! tis 63) (amazing) car the world! Have
you seen the film?

Jane: Yes, but have seen much 64) (amusing) fims. 1
didn't tink it was that good. “Crocodile Dundee" is 65)
(funny) film them all.

and the correct comparative or superlative form.

(O Fiitin: than, of orn and the correct comparative or superlativo form.

2. Marin Hamble is a member of 66) a
TN 4, (famous) basketball team the
worl, He is 67) (al) and
6). (young) player
|e earn very good player, ut end,
Jim, 69) (good)
1 he's, Mathew Bodine is 70)
LF O nnn dm and Marin and he's ls 71)
(fas) both
of them, He is 72) (exciting) player to watch and
ao 73) : (Popular member o team,

147

ill, shall or be going to.

74 What... we do tonight?
75 She probably pass her exams,

76 Ive worked hard this summer. Now I have a holiday
77 Be careful! Otherwise you hurt yoursef

78 Look! Tim Win! He's much faster than the other runners.

© Fit in: wit, shat or be going to.

79 Im afraid not be able to come to your party.
80 we go to Spain for our holiday this year?

81 She à travel around the world. She's leaving on Friday.
82 He buy a better car if he gets the job

81 start my universi course in September.

QD choose the correct item.

84 He's person Ive ever met. 93 He his leg, so he can't play
A the friendlier B friendly football today.
© the tiendiiest A has broken B breaks C is breaking
She a letter at the moment Jim a bath at the moment.
A is wriingB wites © has writen A ishavingB has © has had
They haven't seen each other This is time Ive spent away
they lft school. from home.
A after B since © for A longer B long C the longest
{think Holland... win the World Cup. Heis cer than his brother.
A isgoingto B will C shall A more B less © much
My mother inahospital. he's 97. | haven't been to Portsmouth
anurse, three years
A works Bisworking Chasworked A since B for © after
My bag is than hers. 1 the cooking i you do the
A the heavier Bheavier C heaviest washing-up.
Mike is lazer than Dave. Ao” RME ‘Cm

Avery Bless © much Ive tidied my bedroom.
À already B yet © since

Have you seen “Adams Family 2°
?

Where are the coats?
Ayet Balready Cjust A childrens’ — B children's

Ho in al fortwo years © chikgen
Alves Bising C hasived

148

Pre - Test 2 (Units 1-8)

Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect simple or the present

Perfect continuous.
1 Don't walkin there! | ustclean) the flor.
2 Jane's hungry. She (notieat) anything for six hours,
3 Sheistired. She (study) for four hours.
4, | don't want to see that fm again. | (see) ittwice already.
5 Sandy (teach) English for ten years
6 Chris {notdo) the washing-up yet.
7 He (Work) all morning
8 They (play) in the garden for two hours,

© Puttte verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.

. (watch) TV last night

. (walk) towards the window the
(start) to move. |
(scream) loudly
. (run) in.

© Patte verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.

Le friend 17) .. : (walk) home from
school last week when she 18) (hear)
\\ aloud bang, Some men 19)... sos (10D)

\ a bank. She quickly 20) a (run)
Lo a telephone and 21) (call)
i) the police. The police 22) : :
/ (arrive) and 23) ... (arrest)
the men. The next day the bank manager 24) ........
PO» (ge) my friend some flowers and her
22 picture was in the local newspaper.

149

Pre - Test 2

© Fini: used to or ain't use to.

When | was a Ile gi, | 25)
be very unhappy, but Im not now. 126)
have any friends and | 27)

talk to anybody, but do now.

When James was a litle boy, he 29)
play with his toy cars quite often. He 30)
drive a real car, but he 31)

his bicycle every day. He 32)

lke gits, but he does now.

© Fin in the correct pronouns or possessive adjectives.

My brother was cooking when he cut 33) with a knife. “Come quickly,” he
said to 34) ve cut 35) "Iran to the kitchen to help
36) When | saw him, | laughed and said “Hany, you haven't cut
sn) You have just spilt tomato sauce on 38) hand”

@ hittin the correct pronouns or possessive adjectives.

My aunt and uncle live in Pars. 39) nce house 5 Very big. They do most of the
work 40) My aunt works in the garden and 41) …. friends
say itis the best garden in the world! My uncle does most of the painting 42)

but 43) friend, Mr Brown, often helps 44)

(O) Fin in: any, anything, no, nothing, some, somebody, somewhere or nowhere.

45 | heard a noise, but my father couldn't hear
46 Would you lke chocolate?

a =e lett a book in the classroom. it's on the floor.

48 Im afraid there is a coffee left. Can you go and buy some?
49 She doesn't know about history.

50 has stolen my bag.

51 Are there cakes left? Im hungry.

52 | want to go somone interesting on holiday.

53 1 can't find my glasses; they are …

54 Im thirsty; Ive had to drink al day.

150

Pre - Test 2

© Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect simple or the past perfect

continuous.
55 | was tired because |
56 When | got tothe station, the last train
57 Ben
58 Sally
59 My hand was huring because |
60 1 got wet because I
61 He was pleased because he
CH

© Choose the correct tem.

63 John
A walked
had walked

64 My friend and | had a lovely holiday.
of us wanted to go home.
A Neither BAN © None

down the road when he fel
B was waking

Jane is the
A cleverest
© more clever

George and Tom are friends. of
them work in a bank
AAI B None

My dog is
A bigger

person | know.
B cleverer

Both

than my friend's dog.

B the biggest

1 have never Paris
A goneto B beento C been in

of my family lke footbal
A Neïher B Boh C None

There is in the cupboards. We
have to goto the supermarket.
A nothing B everything

€ big

C anything

Jane the hairdresser’s; she'll be
back at 3 o'clock
A has been to
has been in

B has gone to

(work) hard all day.
= .. (lreadyjleave).

(lve) in Rome for two years before he moved to Paris.

(eat) so much chocolate that she felt sick
(write al day.

(forget) to take my umbrella

(pass) his exam.

(study) for three days before | took my test.

72 1 have two cousins. of them are
good students

ABoh BA € None

Ihave a lot of fiends in the USA, but
‘of them have visited me in Portugal.
‘Arnone — B neither both

Itwasthe...... oat she had ever bought
A most expensive B more expensive
© expensive

The weather is
yesterday.
A better

| answer the phone?
BDo cwi
breakfast every morning?

A Are you having B Do youhave
€ Had you had

John... football, when he broke his
am

A pay
Tom sings
A beautiful B good
Ihave wo sisters

Athens,
A None

today than it was

B good C best

A Shall

Bplayed — Cwas playing

© beautfuly
ofthem Ives in

B Neither All

Pre - Test 2

81 John is tired because he ..... all day long. 83 Dave and Ben can play the guitar but
A studied B has been studying of them can sing
© had studied A néïther Bal © none

82 Simon France for his holiday. 84 1 cook dinner tonight?
He's been there for 3 weeks. AWil B Shal C Do
A has gone in B has been to
© has gone to

( Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

My uncle Quentin 85) (travel) to Rome frequently. He 86)
(already/go) there twice this month. He 87)

(fall in love with a beautful lan woman two years ago and he 88)

(90) out with her every since. think he 89). (propose) to her soon

© rate verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

The Queen 90) = (have) a garden party at Buckingham Palace
every year. Last year she 91) (invite) a friend of mine. He 82)
(borrow) some money from me to buy a new outfit and he 93)
(stilltry) to pay it al back. | think 1 94)
(write) to Her Majesty and ask her not to invite him again!

(® Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

95 He felt tired. He 97 Alan is exhausted. He

(drive) al day. (type) letters al morning,

e)

98 Ho as WEL He an. 99 Sels eyes ae sore. he 100 He was happy because
he
(walk) inthe rin. (ead) for hours. (win) the race.

152

Pre - Test 3 (Units 1-13)

@ Fin: dont have to, may, cant, should, shall or must.

2 You eat your 3 He's sleeping on the bench.
put your iter in the bin. lunch now. Eat t later. He be rich

4 Excuse me. Ihep 5 luse 6 You
you with your suitcase? your phone, please? the schoo! rules.

Fill in: shall, mustn't, should, can't, don't have to or may.

ASG
y
11 She
his grandmother; she umbrella with you. The
looks very young weather's fine!

153

Pre - Test 3

© Complete the dialogue.

Hello Sam.
Hello Gary. That's my new car there,
13)
My car is the red one.
14)
I bought it last week,

G: 15)

Hello Mike. 19)

3
M: Im going shopping.
JE 20) mm. ?
Me: Im going with my friend, Anne.
J: 21) 2
M: We're going to buy some cds for our

patty

© ‘Add question tags and short answers.

25 Ive met you before,
26 Im in the same class as you,

27 Your brother is our teacher,

28 He works hard,

28 You know about the bank robbery,
30 You've read the newspaper,

31 He lves next door,

Yes, it goes very fast
16)...

My cousin sold it to me.

m =
Yes, | drive it to work every day.
18)

Yes, of course you can borrow it

22) 2
Yes, | like pop music very much.

23). ?
Yes, | have bought Michael Jackson's
last od.

24) 2

M: | bought it when it was number + in the

hitchart

32 She didn't pass her driving test last week,

© Tun trom Active into Passive

33) A farmer dug up a very old statue last week. 34) Somebody had buried it thousands of
years ago. 35) The farmer took the statue to a museum. 36) Experts are repairing it. 37) The
museum will put the statue on display. 38) The museum has given a reward to the farmer.

Pre - Test 3

(O) Turn from Active into Pa

39) Professor Golding found some jewellery in the rubbish. 40) Someone had thrown it out.
41) The Professor took it to the police. 42) The police are searching for the owner. 43) They
have asked people lots of questions so far. 44) They will keep the jeweller in a safe place.

je.

© Putte verbs in brackets into the correct form (infinitive or gerund).

Ive always wanted 45) (90) to China and last year my dream came tue. |
love 46) (travel). The travel agent suggested 47) (visit)
the Great Wall first. After 48) (see) Bejing, we flew to Canton because i's
100 far 49) …… (90) by train. enjoyed 50) ………. (fly) over the ice

fields and vilages.

© Putte verb:

have a pentriend in Canada. really ke 51) (meet) new people so! started
52) (write) letters four years ago. At the moment, Im busy 53)

(arrange) a tip to Canada. | want 54) (meet) my penttiend, Alan. | hope
55) (go) sightseeing and I'm looking forward to 56)

(stay) with Alan and his family.

brackets into the correct form (infinitive or gerund).

155

Pre - Test 3

(0) Use the man’s thoughts to write conditionals.

57 | dnt pay 60 ll drive more carefully in
attention. future. | won't have another
crashed the car. accident,

58 | haven't got much
money. | won't be able
to pay for repairs.

61 | am not an experienced
driver. Im not a very good
driver.

59 | borrowed my
friend's car. I had
an accident.

62 | didn't see the tree.
1 crashed into it

57
58
59
60
61
62

® vse the boys thoughts to write conditionals.

63 | don’t have a map.
1 can't find the way.

66 | missed the bus.
| walked in the rain.

64 The weather is bad.

67 Acar will go past
eel cold and wet

will ask for a lif

65 There's no telephone. | can't
call my mum to pick me up.

68 Its so dark. | feel
scared.

63
64
65
66
67
68

156

Pre - Test 3

© Putre verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

169)
(see) something strange, A horse 71) ..
three people 72)

thatthe horse 74)

circus! | 75)

{ever/see) anything so funny before.

(run) after it. The odd thing 73)
(wear) a clown's costume, just like a horse in the
(notthink) | 76)

(drive) in the countryside last week when | 70)

(escape) from a field and
(be)

QD Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

Last week Anne 77)

(work) there for six days now and she really 79)

80)

lot of new things about the job. She 83)
(lear) everything quick.

@ choose the correct item.

85 1 finshed the project but my friends
didn’ finish
A them 8 theits € their
86 He'stired. He Since 9 o'clock
A hasbeenstudying B studies
© has studied
87 | want to go hot on holiday. |
think MI go to Spain.
À nowhere B anywhere C somewhere
88 She'sat the bus-stop. She catch
abus.
A isgoingto B will C shall
89 I hate driving my car.
A fathers B father’s’ © fathers’
90 | wish the students were
A quietly B quiet C quietest
91 When my sister passed her exams, she
was pleased with
Aher Bherse Chers
92 you want a cup of tea, make it
A yourself B yours Cyou

93

97

98

99

100

187

(start) a new job in a hospital. She 78)

(lke) the job. She

(find) the fist two days dificu because she 81)
(nodo) this type of job before. At the moment she 82)

(try) to lea a

(hope) she 84)...
| think Germany win the football
match,

A isgongto Bshal C will

| have four children, but of them
are tall

A none — Bneítier C both

She is very busy today. She
letters all morning.

A has been typing
© had been typing
Lisa and Frank have no money.
ofthem is rich.

A None BNeïher All

2. YOU ke to order now, Sir?
AW BShal C Would
She is the swimmer in the team
A slowest B slower C slowly
Its taken me a long time to clear away

B had typed

the toys.
A children B childrens’ C children's
This is Jim's bioyole. It's

Ahis Bhers Chimsett

Pre - Test 4 (Units 1-18)

(O) Fit in: why, where, who, whose, which or when.

Dear Sally and Bob,

We're having a wondertul time here in Spain. 1) we arrived it was very
hot but now its cooler. The hotel 2) we are staying is lovely, and the
staff 3) ‘work here are very helpful. The beach, 4) is right
in front of our hotel, is beautiful and the water is so warm! We sunbathe every day so

it we have a good tan, you'll know the reason 5) ! Weve met a nice

man 6) father owns a yacht and tomorrow he's taking us sailing!

That's all our news. See you soon.
Love,
¿John and Mary

O Fill in: why, where, who, whose, which or when.
Dear Terry and June,
Sorry we haven't written for so long but we've been very busy decorating our new
house. The reason 7) needs so much work is that itis over two hundred
years old. The vilage 8) we live now is very old and pretty and the
house 9) is next door is over 300 years old. The couple 10)
live next door are very sweet, but the man 11) house is behind ours
isnt. In the evenings, 12) À sit in the garden, he lights a fre in his
garden and all the smoke blows into my face!
Anyway, were happy in our new home and are looking forward to you visiting us.
Love,
Bob and Mary

© Fitin: a, an, or the where necessary.
Last summer visited 19) ……. New Yor. stayed at 14)

Hiton Hotel. could see

15) Statue of Liberty from my window. One day | crossed 16) Hudson River

and had lunch in 47) expensive restaurant.

© Fit ir: a, an, or the where necessary.

Last month we went to 1)... England. We had 19)... wonder holiday. On our frst
day we went 1020)... Tower of London, It was fantastic! Then we went on 21)
interesting tour of London. London is 22) most fascinating cl ve ever been o.

158

Pre - Test 4

© Turn trom Active into Passive.

23) Somebody stole Jane's bicycle yesterday. 24) He took i from outside the supermarket
25) Somebody told her that a boy had stolen i. 26) Fortunately, a policeman stopped him.
27) He returned the bicycle to her.

© Write what the people said using Reported Speech.

us Tm helping Mrs Boyle De he
Sem ee) Spee
tomorrow? >

Mes Grady

Have you bought
any sweets for me? | bought some potatoes
here and they were bad,

the fut!

28 The shopkeeper old his assistant
29 The shop assistant said

30 Mrs Boyle asked them

31 Mrs Grady asked them ..

32 Mrs Kent old Tom

33 Tom asked Mrs Kent
34 Alison said

35 Mr Smith said

159

Pre - Test 4

@ Write what the people said using Reported Speech.

Fm having the best

day of my life! Will you always Its a good thing

Smile everyone! love me? 1 remember my . its not raining.
cm wedding day!

7 Wien are they going’
Have you taken enough to cut he cake? ¡hope they'll both
photographs’ be very happy.

36 The photographer told everyone
37 The bride said

38 The groom asked the bride

39 Mrs Bowl asked the photographer
40 Mr Bow said

41 Mr Lee said

42 Granny asked

43 Peter said

O Write what the people wish.

Bob can't go skiing David can't go to the dance. Sally's missed the bus.

160

He didn't see the cat.
He tripped over it.

50

£
a

The children won't stop
talking. The teacher has a
headache.

DE
Mandy's suitcase is very
heavy. Se can' itt

She bought these shoes.
They hurt her feet

51

His grandmother always
shouts at him. He doesn't
want her to do it.

54

Nick ate a whole cake and
now he feels sick.

Pre - Test 4

He wants to be good at
football

Charles doesn't want to see
the dentist, but he has to.

Bob lost his car keys and
now he can't drive his car

Pre - Test 4

© Fill in the blanks using the appropriate tense.

Tom likes going to evening classes. At the moment he 56) (learn)
how to repair cars. Sometimes the teacher, Mr Jones, 57) (lt) the
students work on his car, but last night something 58) (happen)
which made him change his mind, Mr Jones 59) (teach) for 15 years
and he 60) (alwaysitrust) his students to do things correct,
but lastnight, while Tom 61) (work) on Mr Jones’ car, somebody
62) (call) Mr Jones to the phone. He 63) ..

(only/be) away for a few minutes when he heard shouting from the workshop. He ran back
and saw that his car 64) (burn)! Tom 65)

(drop) a lighted match into the engine and set it on fire.

(O Fi in the blanks using the appropriate tense.

Sally 66) (live) in Madrid. She 67) E (live)
there for six years now. She 68) …… (move) there when she was twenty-
five years old. After she 69) (leave) university in 1988, she decided

to leave England and go to work abroad. One day, while she 70)

(read) a newspaper, she saw a job advertised for a teacher in Madrid. She 71)

(decide) to apply and she got the job. At the moment she 72)

(work) at a primaiy school. She 73) (teach) a

lot of students so far. Today she 74) (teach) her favourite
class so she 75) (really/enjoy) the lesson

(© Turn trom Active into Passive.

76) A fire burnt down Forrest Castle last night. 77) Some people were holding a party in the
main hall. 78) A cigarette started the fire. 79) Fortunately, they had removed most of the
valuable paintings the day before. 80) The Queen wil visit the castle tomorrow.

162

Pre - Test 4

© Use the woman's thoughts to write conditionals.

83 | didn't have any money.
1 didn't buy a new dress
| for the pany,

81 I don't know anyone at
this party. I don't enjoy it

“ed

82 There is no telephone. JO já
A À

84 I'l get to bed late. Ill be
tired all day tomorrow.

This is Sarah's room. There is a picture 85)
he wall. There’ a desk 86)

the picture and a chair 87) the desk.

| 88) the window there isa chest

mother is in the room. She is very angry. Salys
clothes are not 89) the drawers, they are
90) the foor!

(© finir: through, next to, in, on or under,

This is Sam's kitchen, He is standing 91)
the cooker because he is cooking something
There are eggs and bacon 92) the frying
pan. There is a clock 93) the wall.
94) the clock there is a shelf with
some cookery books on it. Sam's catis coming in
95) the window. Max, Sam's dog, is siting
96) the chair, waiting for his breakfast

163

Pre - Test 4

© choose the correct tem.

97 You finish that work today, you
can do it tomorrow.
Acant B may C neednt
98 Easteris May this year.
Ain Bon Cat
99 Tom be rich. He always wears
old clothes.
A might B cant Cshould
100 If you finish early, 1 you to the
theatre.
Atake B willtake C would take
101 I have two brothers. They are …… tal
A al B neither C both
102 Would you mind the cat out?
Aleting Btolet Cit
103 This is my bike.
A mothers B mothers’ Cmothers
104 They have been diving... four hours.
A since B for Cago
105 My parents have been married
twenty-five years.
Afor Bag © since
106 If you had looked carefuly, you
the banana skin
A would see B saw

would have seen

107 Icut with a knife this morning.
Amine B my © myselt
108 Would you like my holiday
photographs?
A seeing Btosee C see
109 She has been in Rome 1989.
A since — B while C for
1101 buy a new pair of shoes.
Amust Breed C ought
111 I can't see my bicycle
A nonhere B anywhere
© somewhere
112 He comes from Egypt, 2
A doeshe Bisnthe C doesn't he

113 | didn't teil about it
A somebody B nobody C anybody
1141 buy a new coat if! had enough
money.
A would Bam Cuál
115 What would you do if you a
milion pounds?
Awin Bwon
116 is wearing my hat?
Aho BWnt CWny
u be raining outside — I can see
people with umbrellas
Amust Bcan
118 The plane leaves
tomorrow.
Aa

© will win

Creed
9 o'clock

Bon Cin
119 I think |... go to my parents tonight
A wil Bamgoingto C would
120 Im very pleased you again!
Ase Being Close
121 ‘Simon and Richard lke Mary
AA BBot CNeiher
122 He'sil. He hasn't been to school
Tuesday,
A ago Chor
123

Bsince
has stolen my purse!
A Someone B No C Anyone
did you get home so late?

AWnen BWny CWno
125 think …… be sunny tomorrow.

À would B will Cis
126 Ifhe had arrived on time, we

film

A wil see

C would have seen
127 They met ata party a year

A since Bior Gago
128 We go shopping today if you

dont want to.

A needn't

124

the

B would see

Beant Cmay

164

129 Im hungry but there's in the
fridge for me to eat!
A nothing —B something C anything
130 That is my car,

A grandfathers
grandfathers

B grandfathers

131 She's known me along time,
Afor Bsnæe Cago

132 1 give it to him it he
A willcome B comes Chad come

Pre - Test 4

133 There's no point her. She never

helps anyone,
Aask Bioak Casking
134 You drive a Mercedes, 2
A don'tyou B didn't you C do you
135 Look at the cat! t's cleaning ……!
Ait Bits itself
136 IF knew his address, | to him

A write B willwrite © would write

© use the woman's thoughts to write conditionals.

137 | didn't get up early.
Ewas late.

138 | don't speak French.
1 can't take the job.

137
138
139
140

139 | felt nervous.
I started crying,

140 I apply for another job,
| won't make the same
mistakes.

165

Progress Test 1 (Units 1 - 2)

NAME:

CLASS:

(Time: 30 minutes)

(O) Answer the questions as in the example:

89. Is Tina going to 3 Is the monkey eating
school? ‘banana?

1 Aothey paying e tete gran
basketball? = the garden?
2 Tmwaehng TO $ IsCaolhainga
$ bat?
Sr

© Putthe verbs in brackets into the present simple or present continuous.

eg. He's watering (water) the plants atthe moment.
6 Susan (90) to the cinema on Sundays.
7 The train to Liverpool (leave) at 7 o'clock
8 Peter (read) a magazine now.
9 Water (boil) at 100°C.
10 We (fly) to Rome tomorrow morning,
¿11 They never (take) the bus to work

167

Progress Test 1 (Units 1 - 2)

© Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or past simple.

A: How long have you worked (yourwork) for this company?

B: 112) (start) working here six years ago,

A: Is this a new bicycle?

B: Yes, my parents 13) (give) it to me last week

A: When 14) {youlmeet) Alison?
B: We 15) (know) each other since we 16)
ten years old
A: Can you help me with the washing-up, please?
B: l'm sony, can't. 117) (mot/inish) my homework yet.

(© Fin: have/nas gone to, have/has been to, have/has been i

eg. A: Can tak to Mr Harts, please?
Tm sorry but Mr Harris has gone to Paris.
18) you ever New York?
No, never.
15 Sue at home?
No, she isnt. She 19) the supermarket

Have you visited the National Museum yet? ¿
No, notyet.120) only Athens for two days, you know.

© Underine the correct item.
e. John and Emma are listening to music every day/at the moment

21 He boughthas bought a new computer last week
22 I've lived here sincejfor 1987,

23. She usually is visiting/visits her grandparents on Sundays.

24 Look! The sun is rising/ises.

25 Dad hasn't come home from work already/yet.

26 Don't go into the kitchen. | Just eleaned/have just cleaned the floor.
27 Ihave seen/saw Maria Calas.

28 Kate hasn't called/didn't call us yet

29 Sam started leaming Spanish two years ago/so far.

30, Ths jacket costs/is costing a lot of money. I cant afford it

168

Progress Test 2 (Units 3 - 4)

NAME:
CLASS:

DATE: ..
MARK:

(Time: 30 minutes)

i ® Put the adjectives in the right order.

eg. a pair of leather /
blue shoes

a pair of blue
leather shoes

1 a brown / wooden /
round table

2 a (n) modem / German
expensive / car

eg. John is a careful/carefully driver,

5 My sister speaks Italian fluent/luently
| 6 This exercise is very easy/easily.

© Choose the correct item

e.9.Bob isthe best student...C... our class.
Aot Bihan Cin

9 Their house is than ours.
Abig B bigger C biggest

10 Its hotter today than yesterday.
Amost Bvey much

ds

3 ayoung/ French /
beautful woman

4 a cotton / new / pink
shirt

H O Underline the correct word, adjective or adverb.

7 My mother can cook good/well.

Mr Els works very hard/hardly.

11 Paulis as as James,

Atal Btaler C tallest

The older she gets, the ..
becomes,

A more beautiful
© beautiful

she

12

B most beautiful

169

Progress Test 2 (Units 3 - 4)

13 The diamond ring is the ofall, | 15 The chairis comfortable than th
A more expensive B most expensive | armchair
very expensive Aless Beast Cite

14 Emily is the cleverest al my | 16 For information, contact M
frends Houston
Athan Bin Co A farther B fürher farthest

© Fill in: shall, will, oF be going to.

e. A:Mark hasn't sent me a letter yet
B:Dont worry. Im sure he wl| wie to you soon.
17 A: Why have you bought al these apples?
B:Because | make an apple pie
184: 1 help you move these boxes?
B:Yes, thank you.
19 Act's Carol's birthday next week.
B:1 know. hope she invite us to her par.
20 A: What would you like to order, sir?
Bil think | have a steak and some salad.
21 A:Have you decided what to do with the money you won?
BiYes, | travel around the world
2h we go to the theatre tonight?
B:That' a great idea.

Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple, present continuous,
will or be going to.

e. Call me as soon as you arrive (arrive).

23 We (90) to he cinema tonight. Would you like to come?

24 They (Get) married next week. Everything is ready for the wedding. !
25 School (start) at 9 o'clock.

26 Be carefull You ES (fall of) the ladder!

27 When do you think you (finish) typing these letters?

28 There are dark clouds inthe sky. It (rain)

29 Ihave allt of work to do sol (probably/be) late for dinner.
30. Tur off the lights before you (leave) the house.

NAME: .
CLASS:

(Time: 30 minutes)

Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect simple or present perfect
continuous. y

2 The play 3 Mr Philips
(examine) Gustfinish). (each) English
patents al da. for twenty years

D

sd
& SET
4 The baby 5 Mrs Robins 6 She 7 She
(do)
(ery) (deanjihehouse the shopping Gustbreak) the
fortwo hours. al moming. vase

What were the people doing at 6 o'clock yesterday evening? Look at the
pictures and put the verbs in brackets into the past continuous.

Mr Clark a5 reading the newspaper. Mrs
À Clarke) TV. Lucy
and Anne 9)
| with their dolls, Tim 10)
a sandwich. The dog 11)

m

Progress Test 3 (Units 5 - 6)

(© Put tte verbs in brackets into the past simple or past continuous.

eg. At8 o'clock lastnight we were having (have) dinner.
vill 12) .. (iron) while Peter 13)

(do) the washing-up.

Susan 14) nnn (have) a shower when the doorbell 15) a (FI).

David 16) (get into) his ca, 17) … sw (sta the
engine and 18) (drive) away,

(© Fill in: used to or didn't use to.

eg. | didn’t use Lo Ike coffee, but like it now.
19 He a ride a motorcycle, but he doesn't any more.
201 eat a lot of sweets, but | don't any mor.
21 She like dogs, but she has got two now.
22 He som 8Xercise. He goes jogging every moming now.

© Underine the correct item.

eg. His clothes are diy. He has been painting/was painting the house,
23 John has been in Spain sincejfor Apri
24 | watched/was watching TV when the lights went out
25 Greg has been trying/ has tried to fx his bike all day
26 | was going to call/called you, but lost your phone number.
27 She has been reading/has read four books this month
28 We were driving to work while/when the car broke down.
29 She was wanting/wanted to buy the jacket, but she didn't have enough money.
30 Dad used to/didn't use to work on Saturdays, but he doesn't any more,

Progress Test 4 (Units 7 - 8)

DATE:
MARK:

(Time: 30 minutes)

H @ Finn the appropriate reflexive or emphatic pronouns.

ey. Help yourself to some more cake, please,
1 Nobody helped her with this exercise. She did it
2. Jack bumed when he tried to make some tea,
3. 1 don't ke being by
4. The children enjoyed atthe party.

(© undertine the correct tem.

eg. The (chair’slegileg of the chair is broken,
These are the (childrens’ books/children’s books)

We had (two weeks’ holiday/a holiday of two weeks)
Ive got a CD of (yourlyours)

Mum isn't at home, She's gone to the (butcher’s/butcher).
Sara is a friend of my (ister/sisters).

Where is (the newspaper of today/today's newspaper)?

© choose the correct item.

e.g.There is A. in the box. I's empty. | 13 Isthere milk in the fridge?
A nothing B something Asome Bany Cno
© anything 14 | rang the bell, but there was
11 1 dont want to go tonight. Let's | answer.
stay at home. Ano Bany C some
A somewhere B anywhere C nowhere | 15 Is Mrs Wiliams here? | want to ask her
12 Ken and Robert are my brothers
them can drive a car. A anything B nothing C something
A Neither B Allof © Both of

Progress Test 4 (Units 7 - 8)

16 Kate has a lot of friends. ......... them | 18 There isnt... in the shop. Its closed.
live in London. A anybody B nobody somebody
A Both of B Allof C None

17 Sue, Nick and Michael are doctors.
them is a teacher
A None of B Neither of C Allof

© Fill in the past simple or past perfect, then state which action happened first.

e.g. Mother had cooked (cook) dinner by the time we ¿0% (get) home. #
action: had cooked

She (start) cleaning after everybody (leave)

the house. first action:

They (buy) the tickets before they (90) to the

theatre. first action:

Anne... (pass) al her exams because she (study)

hard. first action:

David (take) the dog for a walk before he (90)

to bed. first action:

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past continuous, past perfect
or past perfect continuous.

e.g. Mr Jones had been working (work) for this company for twenty-five years
before he retired

What (you/do) at 8 O'lock last night?

They (move) into their new house two weeks ago.

We (finish) tidying the house by the time our guests arrived.

The children were doing their homework while their father

(prepare) dinner.

He couldn't pay the bill because he (leave) his wallet at home.

We (drive) fr three hours when suddenly the car broke down.

Laura (type) six letters by eleven o'clock

When Dad (come) home, we had dinner.

Progress Test 5 (Units 9 - 10)

DATE:
MARK: ....

(Time: 30 minutes)

@ choose the correct item.

you play the guitar?
ACan BMay C Must
* They lve in a huge house and own three
cars, They be rich
A cant C must
2 | help you carry these bags?
Awil B Shall
© Would you like
3 You water the plants. Ive
already watered them.
Acant B don'tneed © needn't
4 He had studied hard so he
answer all the questions in the test
A isableto B was able... C can
5 You be rude to your parents.
A mustn't B must couldn't

peg

B can

9. | don't think she is Italian,
CANT
À 41 Do you want me to close the door?

SHALL
12 advise you to see a docto.

SHOULD

11% be Malian

10

15

You... to eat more fruit and vegetables
it you want to be healthy.

A should B had better C ought
Sam be at work today. it's
Sunday.

A cant B mustn't C must

1 read or write when | was four
years old

A cant —B couldn't wasn't able
We tobe at the ofice at 9 o'clock
every moming.

A should B must C have

Dad, ......] goto Kelly's party tomorrow?
Acan B might C will

© complete the sentences using the words given in bold type.

the door?

a doctor.

Progress Test 5 (Units 9 - 10)

13 He couldn't ride a bike when he was four.

ABLE s a bike when he was four.
4 You are not allowed to park her.

MUSTNT here,
15 You don't have to finish it today

NEEDNT : it today.
16 | think she is Brian's sister.

MUST B Brian's sister
17 itis possible that he will come by train.

MIGHT : by train,
18 | advise you to work harder.

OUGHT harder.

© Fil in: who, whose, what, where, when, why, which.

eg. What are you looking for? My keys.
19 do you Ive? In Manchester.
20 is your car? The blue one.
2 was she angry? Because someone had stolen her bag,
2 is Mrs Wiliams? The new English teacher.
2 will you come back? Next Frida.
2 is this suitcase? Cathy's

© ‘Add question tags to the following statements.

eg. You like pizza, don't you?
25 Please come with me,
26 He didn't lend you the money,
27 Sara lives near you,
28 Lets go to the park,
29 You had fun last night,
30 They've already sent the invitations,

Progress Test 6 (Units 11 - 12)

NAME:

(Time: 30 minutes)

O Put the verbs in brackets in the infinitive or the -ing form.

e.g. He advised me to see a lawyer. (see)

1 hate by train. (travel)
2 He left without cn Goodbye. (say)
3 She managed a lot of weight. lose)
4 helps you keep ft. (swim)
5 They made him them the truth. (tel)
À 6 Matt goes every morning. (jog)
7 Weare sorry you that you have failed the exam. (inform)
8 ldlove to the cinema tonight. (go)
9 look forward to you again soon. (see)
10 no use to make him change his mind. (try)
11 Sue went tothe library some books. (borrow)
12 1 don't know how .. this exercise. (do)

® ‘Answer the questions using too or enough.

eg. Can he eat his dinner? 13 Can you buy this 14 Can Tim win the race?
(hungry) neckiace? (expensive) (fast)
No, he isn't No, No,

enough.

17

Progress Test 6 (Units 11 - 12)

<{
N
Pi tha it
BE Ska XO &
15 Can he swim? (warm) 16 Cane wear that shit? 17 Can she carry the
No, the water … (diny) suitcase? (heavy)
No, No,

© Fill in the passive in the appropriate tense.

eg. Dinner will be served (serve) in ten minuts.
18 The letters (type) at the moment.
19 Guernica (paint) by Picasso,
20 The parcel (notidetiver) yet.
21 Alpha Romeo cars (make) in tay.
22 The thiet a (Brest) late last night

© Turn from active into passive. Omit the agent where it can be omitted.

2. Someone has stolen my wallet. 27. People make jam from fruit.

23 James Cameron directed ‘Titanic’ 26 son beni the Mino

a ec hace 29 A burglar broke into our house lastnight.

ay “= 30 Marie Curie discovered radium.
25 They will make the announcement
tomorrow.

26 Emma designed this dress.

(Time: 30 minutes)

8
9
10

"
2
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

(O) Patte verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

eg. If were you, 11/0112 call (call the police.
ne... (drive) more careful, he wouldn't have crashed the car.

| won't goto the party unless you - (come) with me.

If she hadn't left the door open, the cat (notrun away).
Hyou (see) him, can you ask him to call me?

1 (have) enough money, Id buy a computer.

Unless you apologise, she (mot/forgive) you.

they 2. (not/rob) the bank, they wouldn't have been sent to prison.
iit (rain), we won't go to the park

If had known about their plans, I (tell) you.

if you go to Paris, you (see) the Eifel Tower.

(E) undertine the correct item.

e. That's the house where/which | grew up.

That's the woman who's/whose son won the gold medal.
This is the car which/who belongs to my father

He is the actor who/whom won the Academy Award.

The gil which/whom you met at the party is my sister.

The reason whichiwhy I didnt cal you was that | came home late
The house which/where was broken into is my uncle's
The hotel where/that we stayed was near the beach,

IN never forget the day whom/when | got married.

‘A butcher is someone whose/who sells meat

‘The earrings which/who she gave me were very expensive

Progress Test 7 (Units 13 - 14)

Fill in the appropriate relative, say whether the relative clauses are
essential or not to the meaning of the main sentence, then add commas
where necessary.

e. Sally, whose mother works at a bank, is my bestfriend, not;
The book you lent me last week has disappeared.

Brian lives next door to me is going to Japan next week.

The shop | bought this dress is in King Street.

The woman house caught fre is in hospital.

The waiter took our order was very pole

The Louvre is a famous museum is in Pars

Carlos restaurant we have dinner on Sundays serves excellent food

Mr Spencer you met last night owns an antique shop.
The day my son was born was the happiest day of my lt.

The bank a 15 Nea My house was robbed yesterday.

Progress Test 8 (Units 15 - 16)

DATE:

Mm MARK: ..

(Time: 30 minutes)

® Fill in say or tell in the correct form.

eg. The teacher Gold us that we all passed the test

1 John {goodnight and left the room.
2 Grandma Usa story every night.

3 Greg „ "The match starts at 7:00."

4 You should always the truth to your parents,

5 Can YOU …… me the way to the post office, please?

® Complete the sentences using the words given in bold type.

eg. "Dont touch that wie,” he said to me.
WARNED He warned me not to touch that wire.

6 "Where is my book?" she said to him.
ASKED She

7 "You should see a doctor my friend said to me.

ADVISED My friend

"Put your hands up,” the policeman said to them,

ORDERED The policeman

"Shall | help you with your homework?” my brother said to me.

OFFERED — My brother

“No, | will not buy you a new bike,” Dad said to me.

REFUSED Dad

"Do you like pizza?” he said to her

ASKED He

181

Progress Test 8 (Units 15 - 16)

12 “Please don't hurt me!” he said to the robber.
BEGGED He

13 “really wil lend you the money,” she said to them.
PROMISED She

14 “Let's play cards!" Bob said,
SUGGESTED Bob

O Fill in: at, on, under, behind, out of, opposite, in front of.

a 09. The catis under
‘Gad the table Jane is 17)
y home. She is watching
TV. She is siting 18)
the armchair
The TVis 19)

her.
They are siting
15) ...... each other.

The woman is siting
20) …. the
sunshade. The man is
siting 21)
ms John is walking the deckchai.
16) Alan The girls are coming
2) the sea.

© Fin in at in or on.

eg. in the afternoon
Easter 1997
August September 12th
Wednesday the weekend
noon spring

Progress Test 9 (Units 17 - 18)

NAME: DATE:

CLASS: MARK:

(Time: 30 minutes)

(O ii: 2, an, or the where necessary

+ A: Was 272 man who robbed the bank arrested?

B: Yes, and he was sentto 1) prison.
+ A: Have you ever been to 2) Canada?
B: No, but I've been to 3) USA and | met 4) President
when | was there,
+ A: Would you lke to go to 5) cinema tonight?
B: I'd love to. There's 6) great fm on at 7) Plaza,
+ A: Were planning to go to Spain this summer.
B: I'm sure you'll enjoy yourselves. 8) Spanish are wonderful people.
© A: Which is faster, 9) tiger or 10) girafe?
B: think 11) tigers are faster than 12) graftes, and
cheetahs are 18) fastest of al
+ A: Did you know my cousin is 14) actor?
8: Really? had no idea.
A 1515) Mum busy at the moment?
B: Yes, she is. She's making 16) dinner.

(6) Fillin the correct form ofthe verbs in brackets.

eg. Iwish | 222 22202127 (notlorget) her birthday.
17 Honly! (have) the money to buy a new car.
18 Steve wishes he (not/speak) so rudely to his boss.
19 OMY she ……. {tell him the truth. He wouldn't be so angry with her.
20 Tom wishes he (mot/have) so much homework to do.
21 I wish | (steal) the money. | wouldn't be in prison now.
22 | wish she (stop) interupting me all the time.
À 23 Mrs Jones wishes she (speak) a foreign language.

183

Progress Test 9 (Units 17 - 18)

24 Ifoniy! ares (be) taller. | would join the basketball team
25 He wishes he (not/erash) his father's car. Now his father is upset.
26 | wish Mum (le) me go to the party next week

© Read the people's comments and write what they wish.

29. Bil: have to tidy my room.
| wish | didn't have to tidy my room.

27 Susan: | drank too much coffee.
28 Tim: | want my Dad to buy me a computer.
29 Laura: | can't drive a car.

30 Mike: My room is so small

Progress Test 10 (Units 1 - 18)

(Time: 50 minutes)

@ choose the correct item.

1 Sarahis the pretiest gi... our school
Athen Bin Cor

2 Paulscaris than Tom's.
Afast — B fastest C faster

3 This dress is the in the shop,
A more expensive B most expensive
C expensive

4 Bob the car atthe moment.
A washes _B is wasting C wash
5 Thesun in the west.
A is seting B set C sets
cts colder today than yesterday.
A much Bmost C very
7 Peter has lived here 1998.
Afor Bsnæ C ago
8 Mother dinner at the moment.
A cooks B cook C is cooking
} 9 Lucyisas as Sally.

1 Acclver B cleverer C cleverest
10. Harry went to France two years
Asice Bag C for
11 My hair is than yours.
Along B longest C longer
12 Look! She's ……. drop the vase.
A goingto B wil C shall

13

4

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

185

Susan's ……. person Ive ever met
A the nicer B nicest C the nicest
Have you done your homework ft
Ayet Bsime C for

These are the books.

A children B children’s childrens’
Jim in Scotland for five years.

Alves — B islving Chasived

1 help you carry those heavy bags?
A Shall BDo CWil
lan has two brothers. ofthem are
older than him.
ANone BAI C Bon
‘Ann has never Rome.

A goneto B beenin C been to
| answered the door, but there was
there

A someone B anyone C no one

was hungry so | made ......a sandwich.
A myself B my C me

You do the washingup. I've
already done it

A needn't B must C mustnt

Progress Test 10 (Units 1 - 18)

23 If you hadn't overslept, you

for work |
| 96

A won't be B wouldn't have been
© wouldn't be
24 Are you doing this weekend?
A nothing B something C anything
25 She works in a bank, …….?
A does she B isntshe © doesn't she
26 He fixed his bicycle all by
Ahim Bhis C himsell
27 How would you feel you …… Your car?
A crash B willcrash C crashed
28 You feed the animals atthe zoo
A needn't B mustn't C cant
29 Thatis pen.
A Toms B Tom
30 You tidy your room. It's a mess!
Acan Bmust needn't
31 Sam lost his keys. He couldn't find them

© Toms’

A somewhere B nowhere C anywhere
32 Timhas two cars ‘of them is new.
A Neither B None — C Both
33 Andrew {or this company for ten
years so far.
À had been working B had worked
6 has been working
34 Do you want... from the supermarket?
A anything B something C nothing
35 Kely…… be at work. She isnt at home.
A musint Bean Cmust
36 Bob had missed the fight by the time he
atthe aiport
A had arrived B arrived C was arriving

186

late | 37

Are there
A any
Tina to take the dog for a walk
every morning.

A should B must

biscuits in the cupboard?
B some Cno

C has
If were you, I to bed eat.

A wilgo B would go. C won't go
That's the woman... Sonis.adocior.

A who Bwhich C whose

1 dont think he's French. He be
Spanish.
Acant Bshoud © must
That boxis heavy for him to carry
A enough Btoo Cto

You to take more exercise if you
want to be fit

A ought B should
Thats the house

A which B where
He asked if he borrow the book
Acoud Bhad will

Father us to come inside.

A said Bolt C asked

I wish... 89 much homework to do.
AA didnthave B hadn't had © hadn't
ts not warm to goto the beach.
Atoo Benough C very

The restaurant is on the high
street is very good.

A whee B who © which

me where the nearest

C had better

| grew up.
© who

Can you
bank is, please?

Asay Biel € sayto

tres
Sn

agreement
sont
smazng
ange
zone
22009
Argument
are

arangomant
song as

aa vero
average

B

Sachoound
Seaway
emy products
oon

Bane

Bender

Sow op
Baron

bre
Borie:
cual”
boy

&
Em
cen,

187

Sensis

Counc
Eume
courage
cnt

cay

Soma oler
ee

D

ra
‘ance rs
dangerous
ce
owe
Spa ote
Serien
son
Seager
desperate
dessert
Sestinaton
estoy

‘ay
‘Setonary
‘ference
Direct Speech
rect to

des
as

dudo
cado
Ging tomes
oy

Sc
aio

Due

Baty Fre shop

E

tect
Sect bil
near
snoycepsed
one
pana
every
sente
except on
expect
Bring

Wordlist

F

teary
fat down
first ad kt
fat ro
fight
fopey
fey
icono
foridaen
format
Ironie,
ftom

G

gardening

ES
Sonera
gene

‘erty
eure
Dana
Ghost

Grate

a

dan

ood tines
Ft
grocers
room

wow
Sua
Soest
Sunahot
om

H

Par of nearing
Parsons
hardy

head
headache
easing

row tng
Pow og 99
how much
3

‘dently
ga
impicaton
nado
inlomaton
nana

regir

J

Imeteny
Fate shop
saw
fon
pue

188

M

marty
mater
‘megaphone
message
cross
mos

oir range

N

naughty
narcos.

lo)

Sblgation
colgao

fica Management
Symp Games
pocas
coat acer
an

eno

P

Paseo Voce
Daten
penguin
Pekpocker

Wordlist

rer
Reportes Speech

Ss

Sauer
Pr
shopping centre

Sois

Serine
hongo cake
Spars cave

tng
Say

tna,
temporary
tie somebody up

tonight
traning

ve

robe

un down
Wong spend

Ú
uncountbe
Untied
Unto

United Kingdom

V

valuables
Vegetable
vegetaran
age

W

virgen
‘raring
Besen cress
ve
(nord per minut)

Y

yesterday
youth

Z

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