Routes of drug administration in general pharmacology.pptx

Routes of drug administration

1. P A R E N T E R A L DR UDAY KUMAR, Asst Professor DEP OF PHARMACOLOGY ASRAMS

2. ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINI S T R A T I ON ENTE R AL PARENTERAL TOPICAL

3. EN T ERAL O RAL REC T AL BUCCAL SUBLIN G UAL

4. First-pass Effect The first-pass effect is the term used for the hepatic metabolism of a pharmacological agent when it is absorbed from the gut and delivered to the liver via the portal circulation . The greater the first-pass effect, the less the agent will reach the systemic circulation when the agent is administered orally

5. First-pass Effect

6. SYSTEMI C- P ARENTERAL Parenteral administration is injection or infusion by means of a needle or catheter inserted into the body The term parenteral comes from Greek words para, meaning outside enteron, meaning the intestine This route of administration bypasses the alimentary canal

7. SYSTEMI C- P ARENTERAL I. III. INJECTABLES INTRAVENOUS II. INT R AM U SCULAR SUBCUTANEOUS INTRA-ARTERIAL INT R A -A R TICULAR INTRATHECAL VII. INTRADERMAL INHALATION - Absorption through the lungs

8. INTR A VENOUS ADVANTAGES BIOAVAILABILITY 100% DESIRED BLOOD CONCENTRATIONS ACHIEVED LARGE QUANTITIES VOMITING & DIARRHEA EMERGENCY SITUATIONS FIRST PASS AVOIDED GASTRIC MANUPALATION AVOIDED DISADVANTAGES IRRITATION & CELLULITIS THROMBOPHELEBITIS REPEATED INJECTIONS NOT ALWAYS FEASIBLE LESS SAFE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE REQUIRED DANGER OF INFECTION EXPENSIVE LESS CONVENIENT AND PAINFUL

9. INTRAMUSULAR ROUTE ADVANTAGES ABSORPTION REASONABLY UNIFORM RAPID ONSET OF ACTION MILD IRRITANTS CAN BE GIVEN FIRST PASS AVOIDED GASTRIC FACTORS CAN BE AVOIDED DIS A D V AN T A G ES ONLY UPTO 10ML DRUG GIVEN LOCAL PAIN AND ABCESS EXPENSIVE INFECTION NERVE DAMAGE

10. SUBCU T ANEOUS Injected under the skin. Absorption is slow, so action is prolonged. IMPLANT :a tablet or porous capsule is inserted into the loose tissues by incision of the skin, which is then stiched up. example : certain hormonal drugs

11. INTR A - A R TERIAL Rarely used Anticancer drugs are given for localized effects Drugs used for diagnosis of peripheral vascular diseases

12. INTR A - A R TICUL A R I njections of antibiotics and corticosteroids are administered in inflammed joined cavities by experts. E xample : H ydrocortisone in rheumatoid arthritis

13. INTRADERMAL D rug is given within skin layers (dermis) Painful Mainly used for testing sensitivity to drugs. e.g. penicillin, ATS (anti tetanus serum) INOCULATION :administration of vaccine (like small pox vaccine )

14. DRUG ADMINSTRATION

15. Topical Routes of Administration Topical administration is the application of a drug directly to the surface of the skin Includes administration of drugs to any mucous membrane vagina urethra colon eye nose ears lungs

16. Topical Dosage Forms Dose forms for topical administration include: Skin: Creams Ointments Lotions Gels Transdermal Patches Disks Eye Or Ear: Solutions Suspensions Ointments Nose And Lungs: Sprays And Powders

17. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Topical Route Local therapeutic effects Not well absorbed into the deeper layers of the skin or mucous membrane  lower risk of side effects Transdermal route offers steady level of drug in the system  sprays for inhalation through the nose may be for local or systemic effects

18. Transdermal A bsorption of drug through skin (systemic action) S table blood levels N o first pass metabolism D rug must be potent or patch becomes too large

19. Intravenous Intraosseous Endotracheal Inhalation Sublingual Intramuscular Subcutaneous Rectal Ingestion Transdermal (Topical) 30-60 seconds 30-60 seconds 2-3 minutes 2-3 minutes 3-5 minutes 10-20 minutes 15-30 minutes 5-30 minutes 30-90 minutes variable (minutes to hours) Route for administration -Time until effect-

20. SELECTION OF ROU TE The ROA is determined by : the physical characteristics of the drug the speed w h ich the drug i s a b sorbed and/ or released the need to bypass hepatic metabolism to achieve high conc. at particular sites Accuracy of dosage Condition of the patient

21. FAQ’s Enumerate routes of drug administration with examples. Advantages and disadvantages of enteral route. Advantages and disadvantages of parenteral route .

22. T H A N K Y O U