RPH_REVIEWER-RPT_1-3-For whole semester.pdf

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1. The first Voyage Around the world by: Antonio pigaffeta
Who is Antonio Pigaffeta?
• Born some time in the closing year of the 15
th
century.
• Parents: Giovanni pigafetta & Angela Zoga.
• Eldest child among his siblings.
• has a native of vicenza, a town about a hundred kilometers west of Venice, italy.
• He was an Italian scholar, explorer, and chronicler.
• He joined Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition that sailed from 1519 to 1522.
• He joined Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition that aimed to find a westward route
to the Spice Islands (Moluccas).
• He was the official chronicler of the voyage — meaning he wrote down everything
that happened during the journey.

How Pigafetta Joined the Expedition?
• Pigafetta was interested in geography, cartography, biography and
exploration.
• When Magellan planned his expedition for Spain to find a westward route to the
Spice Islands (Moluccas), Pigafetta volunteered to join.
• His goal was to observe, document, and learn from the journey.
• He became one of the few people who completed the circumnavigation of the
world.


The Five Ships of Magellan’s Expedition:
1. Trinidad – Magellan’s flagship.
2. San Antonio
3. Concepción
4. Victoria – the only ship that successfully returned to Spain.
5. Santiago – wrecked early in the voyage.
• The expedition started from Spain on September 20, 1519, with about 270 crew
members.

2. • The fleet arrived In the Philippines on March 16, 1521.
• They first landed on Homonhon Island (Eastern Samar).
• They moved to Limasawa, where they held the first Catholic Mass on March 31,
1521.
• Then they went to Cebu, where Rajah Humabon, Queen Juana, and many of their
people were baptized as Christians.

The Battle of Mactan (April 27, 1521)

• Magellan wanted to convince Lapu-Lapu, the chief of Mactan, to accept Spanish
authority and Christianity.
• Lapu-Lapu refused, leading to a battle between Magellan’s men and the warriors of
Mactan.
• Magellan was killed during the battle.
• Pigafetta witnessed everything and later wrote a detailed account of Magellan’s
bravery and death.
• This battle became a symbol of Filipino resistance to foreign rule.

• After Magellan’s Death, Leadership passed to other captains, and the expedition
continued under Juan Sebastián Elcano.

• Only one ship, the Victoria, completed the voyage and returned to Spain on
September 6, 1522.

• Out of around 270 crew members, only 18 survived, including Pigafetta.


• Pigafetta wrote a detailed journal about everything he saw from the people and
culture of the Philippines to the dangers of the journey.
• His diary was titled “Primo Viaggio Intorno al Mondo” (The First Voyage Around the
World).

• Unfortunately, the original diary was lost over time.

• However, four surviving manuscripts (copies of his work) remain today — written
in Italian and French.

3. • These manuscripts are preserved in libraries and museums in Europe, and they are
the main sources of historical information about Magellan’s expedition and early
Philippine history.

Importance of Pigafetta’s Work:
• His writings provide the earliest European descriptions of the Philippines —
including Filipino customs, language, and beliefs.
• Without Pigafetta’s account, many details about Magellan’s voyage and the
Battle of Mactan would have been lost forever.
• His work helped prove that the Earth is round and can be circumnavigated by
sea.
SUMMARY

Topic :

Details :

Full Name Antonio Pigafetta
Nationality Italian
Role Explorer and Chronicler
Joined Expedition 1519, volunteered under Magellan
Ships Trinidad, San Antonio, Concepción,
Victoria, Santiago
First Mass March 31, 1521 – Limasawa
Arrival in the PH March 16, 1521 – Homonhon Island
Work Primo Viaggio Intorno al Mondo ( THE
FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD)
Number of Survivors 18 (including Pigafetta)
Original Diary Lost, but 4 manuscripts survived
Battle of Mactan April 27, 1521 – Magellan killed by Lapu-
Lapu
Returned Ship Victoria (led by Juan Sebastián Elcano)
Importance Main source about Magellan’s
expedition and first contact with
Filipinos

4. KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

Background of the author:
• Emilio Jacinto (also known as “Utak ng Katipunan” or The Brain of the Katipunan)
• His parents are Mariano Jacinto and Josefa Dizon.
• His uncle is Don Jose Dizon, one of the founders of katipunan.
• He studied Law in University of Santo Tomas.
• At the age of 18 years old, he gave up his studies and joined the katipunan in
1894.
• He was also a poet. He become one of the leaders of katipunan.
• Emilio Jacinto died at the age of 24 in 1899. Caused of his death was malaria.
• He wrote the kartila – The primer of the katipunan where and regulations are
contained.

• Joined the Katipunan and became its secretary and adviser.
• Known as the Brains of the Katipunan because of his intelligence and leadership.
• He was one of Bonifacio’s most trusted men and helped shape the society’s
principles.

WHAT IS KATIPUNAN?
The Katipunan, short for kataas taasan, kagalang galangang katipunan ng mga anak ng
bayan o (KKK), was a secret revolutionary society that started the Philippine revolution to
free the country from Spanish colonization founded in 1892 by Andres Bonifacio, Teodoro
Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and other Filipino Patriots.
The word “Katipunan” comes from the Tagalog root word “tipon”, which means “to gather”
or “to unite.”
Katipunan literally means “association” or “assembly.”

• The word “Kartilya” comes from the Spanish term “cartilla,” which means “primer”
or “guidebook.”

5. In this context, it means a manual or set of teachings that serves as a moral and ethical
guide for the members of the Katipunan.

• So, the “Kartilya ng Katipunan” means “The Primer of the Katipunan” or
“Teachings of the Katipunan.”
It was the moral code that every member had to learn and follow before being accepted
into the organization.

Background of the Kartilya:
• Written by Emilio Jacinto in 1892 as a code of conduct for members of the
Katipunan.
• It contains 13 rules or teachings that show the moral values, principles, and duties
of every Katipunero.
• It was required reading for all new members before they were formally initiated.
• It emphasized that the revolution was not only about fighting Spain, but also about
moral transformation — being good, just, and patriotic.

Purpose of the Kartilya:
• To teach right conduct and moral values to all Katipuneros.
• To unite all members with the same principles.
• To build character and integrity among revolutionaries.
• To remind Filipinos that true freedom requires discipline, honor, and virtue.

AIMS OF KATIPUNAN:
CIVIC
Was based on the principle of self help and the defense of the weak and the poor.
POLITICAL
Was the separation of the Philippines from the Spain to secure the independence of
the colony.
MORAL

6. Focus on the teaching of good manners, hygiene, and good moral character.


Spanish Colonial Rule: The kartilya was created during the late 19
th
century in the
Philippines, a period marked by the oppressive Spanish colonial regime and
systemic injustices against the Filipino people.
Failed Reform Efforts: Before the katipunan, there were attempts to seek reforms
from Spain, but these proved unsuccessful, leading to the rise of a medical
separatist movement.

Founding of the katipunan (1892): The katipunan was established by Andres
Bonifacio and others as a secret revolutionary society with the ultimate goal of
gaining independence from Spain through armed revolution.

Influence of Enlightenment ideas: The principles in the kartilya, such as liberty,
equality, and freedom, were Influenced by the liberal and radical ideas of the
European Age of Enlightenment.

Moral Guidance – The kartilya emphasizes honesty, respect, equality, and
selflessness. These values are still important in building integrity and good
character in individuals.
Patriotism and Nationalism – It reminds Filipinos of the sacrifices made for
freedom and inspires love for the country, which remains vital in addressing today’s
social and political challenges.
Social Equality – The kartilya stresses that all people, regardless of wealth, race, or
status, deserve equal treatment, an idea still crucial in fighting inequality and
discrimination.
Leadership and Responsibility – Its teachings highlight service over self-interest,
which can guide present and future leaders toward ethical and people-centered
governance.

7. Youth Formation – The Kartilya can still serve as a moral compass for students and
young people, helping them grow into responsible citizens.

14 RULES OF KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN

I.

English:
The life that is not consecrated to a lofty and reasonable purpose is a tree without a shade,
if not a poisonous weed.
Tagalog:
Ang buhay na hindi iniaalay sa dakila at makatuwirang layunin ay parang punong walang
lilim o damong makamandag.



II.

English:
To do good for personal gain and not for its own sake is not virtue.
Tagalog:
Ang paggawa ng kabutihan para lamang sa pansariling kapakinabangan ay hindi kabutihan.



III.

8. English:
It is rational to be charitable and love one’s fellow creature, and to adjust one’s conduct,
acts, and words to what is in itself reasonable.
Tagalog:
Makatuwiran ang maging mapagkawanggawa at mapagmahal sa kapwa, at ituwid ang asal,
gawa, at pananalita ayon sa katuwiran.



IV.

English:
Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born equal; superiority in knowledge, wealth,
and beauty is to be understood, but not superiority by nature.
Tagalog:
Anuman ang kulay ng ating balat, tayo ay ipinanganak na pantay-pantay; maaaring
magkakaiba sa talino, yaman, o ganda, ngunit walang likas na higit sa iba.



V.

English:
The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain; the scoundrel, gain to honor.
Tagalog:
Ang marangal na tao ay inuuna ang dangal kaysa pansariling pakinabang; ang taksil ay
inuuna ang pakinabang kaysa dangal.

9. VI.

English:
To the honorable man, his word is sacred.
Tagalog:
Para sa marangal na tao, ang kanyang salita ay banal at dapat tuparin.



VII.

English:
Do not waste time; wealth can be recovered but time lost can never be regained.
Tagalog:
Huwag aksayahin ang oras; ang yaman ay maaaring mabawi ngunit ang oras na lumipas ay
hindi na maibabalik.



VIII.

English:
Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field.

10. Tagalog:
Ipagtanggol ang naaapi at labanan ang mapang-api sa batas man o sa labanan.



IX.

English:
The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in keeping secrets.
Tagalog:
Ang matalinong tao ay matipid sa pananalita at maingat sa pag-iingat ng lihim.



X.

English:
On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman and the children, and if the guide
leads to the precipice, those whom he guides will also go there.
Tagalog:
Sa matinik na landas ng buhay, ang lalaki ang gabay ng babae at mga anak; kung siya’y
mapapahamak, madadamay din ang kanyang ginagabayan.



XI.

11. English:
Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful companion who will
share with thee the penalties of life; her weakness will increase thy interest in her, and she
will remind thee of the mother who bore thee and reared thee.
Tagalog:
Huwag mong ituring ang babae bilang laruan, kundi isang tapat na kasama sa hirap at
ginhawa; ang kanyang kahinaan ay dapat magpalambot ng iyong puso at magpaalala sa
iyong ina.



XII.

English:
What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers, and sisters, that do not
unto the wife, children, brothers, and sisters of thy neighbor.
Tagalog:
Anumang ayaw mong gawin sa iyong asawa, anak, o kapatid ay huwag mong gawin sa
asawa, anak, o kapatid ng iba.



XIII.

English:
Man is not worth more because he is a king, because his nose is aquiline, or his color
white; but he is worth most who is a man of proven and real value, who does good, keeps

12. his word, is worthy and honest; he who does not oppress or consent to oppression, who
loves and cherishes his fatherland.
Tagalog:
Ang tao ay hindi nagiging dakila dahil siya ay hari, maganda ang ilong, o maputi; kundi dahil
siya ay may tunay na halaga, marangal, tapat, at hindi nang-aapi. Ang tunay na dakila ay
yaong nagmamahal at naglilingkod sa kanyang bayan.



XIV.

English:
When these rules of conduct shall be known to all, the longed-for sun of Liberty shall rise
brilliant over this most unhappy portion of the globe, and its rays shall diffuse everlasting
joy.
Tagalog:
Kapag ang mga tuntuning ito ay nasunod ng lahat, sisikat ang araw ng kalayaan sa bayang
ito at magdudulot ng walang hanggang kagalakan.

13. MGA HIMAGSIKAN NI EMILIO AGUINALDO

BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR:
EMILIO AGUINALDO
• Was born on March 22, 1869 in Kawit,Cavite
• He was the seventh among the children of Carlos Jamir Aguinaldo and Trinidad
Famy Aguinaldo
• Emilio attended high school at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran but had to stop in
his 4
th
year because of his father’s death.
• At the age of 25, he became Kawit’s first “Gobernadorcillo captain municipal”
• Became a Freemason during in 1895, joining Pilar Lodge No. 203, Imus Cavite with
the codename “Colon”
• He also joined the Katipunan and used the nom de guerre “Magdalo” in honour of
Mary Magdalene.
• Aguinaldo become the first and youngest president of the country by being the First
Philippine Republic.
• His presidency was cut short when he was captured by the American Soldiers in
Palanan, Isabela.
• Tried to join politics by challenging Manuel L. Quezon in the 1935 presidential
elections but he lost.
• Emilio Aguinaldo died of coronary thrombosis on February 6,1964.
• He was 94 years old. In his lifetime he was able to witness the administration of
succeeding presidents of the Philippines until the term of Presidents Diosdado
Macapagal.

HISTORICAL OF MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN:

Author: Emilio Aguinaldo
Year Written: 1899–1901
Published: 1964

14. “Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan” is the memoir of General Emilio Aguinaldo, the first
President of the Philippines.
It narrates his experiences during the Philippine Revolution against Spain (1896–1898) and
the Philippine-American War (1899–1901).
The book aims to give the readers a firsthand account of the key battles, events, and
political struggles that led to the nation’s fight for independence.

Battle of Imus (September 1, 1896)

Jose Tagle asked Emilio Aguinaldo to help in attacking the Spaniards in Imus, Cavite.
Aguinaldo created a strategy to divide his men into groups — led by General Baldomero
Aguinaldo (north) and Captain Municipal Tagle (south).
Although his first attempt failed, he reorganized his troops and surrounded the Spaniards
from the north and south of the Imus Hacienda.

Rise of Magdalo and Magdiwang Factions
Cavite’s victories against Spain were led by two factions:
Magdalo – led by Aguinaldo (Kawit)
Magdiwang – led by Mariano Álvarez (Noveleta)
On November 9, 1896, the Magdiwang faction won a battle in Noveleta.
Aguinaldo noted that the Magdalo faction was more active in continuous battles.

Execution of Jose Rizal (December 30, 1896)
Rizal was imprisoned in Fort Santiago and sentenced to death for rebellion.
Aguinaldo and Andres Bonifacio attempted to rescue him, but Paciano Rizal advised
against it to avoid massive loss of lives.

Battle of Pateros and Taguig (December 30, 1896)

15. Katipuneros in Pateros asked for Aguinaldo’s help against the Cazadores (Spanish
soldiers).
Despite many deaths, the Filipinos fought bravely and forced the enemy to retreat.
General Artemio Ricarte and General Mariano Riego de Dios arrived late but helped
strengthen Filipino defenses by setting up three camps in Escribano.

Encounters with General Pio del Pilar
Aguinaldo sought help from General Pio del Pilar in San Nicolas after his men suffered
losses.
Together, they fought and defeated the Spaniards in Molino and Dasmariñas.
Del Pilar assigned four groups of his men to Aguinaldo for support.

Battle of Pasong Santol
Aguinaldo, with Colonel Janolino, launched an attack on the Spaniards at Pasong Santol.
The fight was intense, but with the help of Colonel Yenko and General Garcia, they
achieved another victory.

Aftermath of the Battles
The Spanish forces stopped attacking for almost two weeks after the Filipino victories in
Pasong Santol, Silang, and Escribano.
These battles led to the resignation of Spanish Captain-General Polavieja, replaced by
General Lachambre, and later Don Fernando Primo de Rivera.

Tejeros Convention (March 22, 1897)
Held in Tejeros, San Francisco de Malabon (now General Trias, Cavite).
Attended by Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, and other Katipuneros.
The purpose was to unite the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions under one revolutionary
government.

16. Election Results:
President: Emilio Aguinaldo
Vice President: Mariano Trías (defeated Bonifacio)
Captain General: Artemio Ricarte
Secretary of War: Mariano Riego de Dios (defeated Bonifacio)
Secretary of the Interior: Andres Bonifacio (initially won, but was questioned by Daniel
Tirona for not being a lawyer).
This incident caused conflict and chaos, marking the start of tensions between Aguinaldo
and Bonifacio.

Significance
It gives firsthand historical knowledge of battles during Spanish and American colonization.
Provides Aguinaldo’s justification for controversial events, such as Bonifacio’s death.
Serves as a primary source for understanding the revolution’s inner workings.
Inspires readers with the bravery and patriotism of Filipino revolutionaries.


“GOODLUCK, DO YOUR BEST”