Rural - Local Self Government || Civics Presentation

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1. Rural Local Self - Government A Presentation By: Name: Shreyash Anand Class: IX ‘B’ Roll No.: 53

2. What is Local Self Government Local self - government is an institution comprising of locally elected representatives managing the affair of the locality and providing them with basic amenities. In rural area such an institution is called as Gram Panchayat and in urban areas it is known as Municipal Corporation or simply Municipality . Panchayati Raj System was first inaugurated by the Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru , at Nagpur in Rajasthan on October 2,1959. Then it was started in most of the states, like in Andhra Pradesh. But the real breakthrough came on 24 April, 1993 when the Constitution (73 Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force. In November 1957, Balwant G. Mehta recommended the scheme of democratic decentralisation which ultimately came to be know as Panchayati Raj .

3. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act was Passed by the Parliament in 1992, that added a new ‘Part - IX’ and a new ‘11th schedule’ to the constitution. Panchayati Raj System is a three-tier local self-government system , which comprises of Gram Panchayat at Village level, Panchayat Samiti at the Block level, and Zila Parishad at the District level. This Amendment Act forecasts the Gram Sabha as the foundation of the Panchayati Raj System to perform functions and powers entrusted to it by the State legislatures. The Amendment took effect from the 24th April, 1993 and the same provides basic institutional framework of the Panchayats in the country state.

4. Importance of Local Self Government Training ground for local leadership Government can reach ordinary people Foundation for democratic structure Lessens burden of State & Central Government Training ground for local leadership Local people will suggest better solutions

5. Three Tier System of Panchayati Raj Gram sabha and Gram panchayat Panchayat Samiti Zila Parishad District Level Block Level Village Level Topmost tier Intermediate tier Bottommost tier

6. Gram Panchayat (Village Level): The ‘Gram Sabha’ is the centre of self - governance at the village level. It ensures direct & participative Democracy. And ‘Gram Panchayat’ is the ‘Executive Body’ of the Gram Sabha. It ensures to fulfill the Constitution makers’ dream of ‘Gram Swaraj’. Gram Sabha Gram Panchayat A Gram Panchayat can be set up in a village with a population more that 600. If the population of the village is less than 600, two or more villages are joined together to share a common Gram Panchayat. There are about 250,000 Gram Panchayats in India.

7. Gram Panchayat Election, Composition & Term: Election: The members of Gram Panchayat are elected by the Gram Sabha. Composition: Sarpanch / Pradhan (President) Vice President of the Gram Sabha are ex - officio members of Gram Panchayat. They are assisted by 5 - 31 Panchayat Members. Term : The Term of Gram Panchayat is of 5 years. In the case of dissolution, elections would be compulsorily held within 6 months.

8. Gram Panchayat Qualifications: 21+ years of age. Registered voter of the constituency. Should be Mentally Sound. Should not be a convict / criminal. Should not be disqualified under any law made by State or Union Legislature. Should not hold any office of profit under Government of India. Reservations (according to proportion to the population): Almost ⅓ rd Seats are reserved for SC/ST. ⅓ rd seats are reserved for women. Which are a bout 50% in some states . 33% 33% 33% Women SC/ST and OBC Elected Member

9. Functions Of Gram Panchayat Civic Facilities and Welfare Functions Judicial Functions Developmental Functions Regulatory & General Administration

10. Civic Facilities and Welfare Provide Safe Drinking Water, wells tanks, Health Centres, drainage, footpaths and roads. Impart Primary & Secondary Education. Build Schools, institutions and Colleges. Welfare Programmes for Womens, expectant mothers and their babies, children, and Youth.

11. Developmental Functions Provide Vocational education and Impart Physical training. Organize Field Trips. Construct and maintain Village roads, bridges , waterways, Manage pasture lands and vacant lands, etc. Develop small - scale industries and support existing ones. Provide rural housing, especially for the poor. Develop farm, forestry and sericulture. Provide Irrigation facilities and 24 hours of Electricity .

12. Helping the Government to maintain Law & Order. Provision and Maintenance of lights in public street and other places. Regulatory & General Administration Maintenance of The Village’s Common Properties, like rivers, pasture, drainage. Registration of Register Births & Deaths Births, Deaths and marriages.

13. Judicial Functions They have no power to imprison & can fine only upto Rs. 1000 and that also in rare cases. Provides Speedy and Inexpensive justice to villagers, by setting up a Nyaya Panchayat. Cases like petty theft, property, cheating, assault, trespass, etc. falls under the jurisdiction of Nyaya Panchayat.

14. Panchayat Samiti (Block Level): Panchayat samiti is a local government body at the block level in India . This body coordinates and supervises the works of Gram Panchayat and Gram Sabha. It works for the villages of the block that together constitute a Development Block. It also acts as a link between the Gram Panchayat and the district administration. There are about 6,500 Panchayat Samitis in India as a whole. Panchayat Samiti is known by different names in different state, like Kshetra Samiti (UP), Janpad Panchayat (MP), Taluka Panchayat (Gujarat), Panchayat Samiti (Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, and Odisha). Villages Block

15. Panchayat Samiti Composition: Elected Members: Sarpanch (president) within the block, and one elected member by each Gram Panchayat. Associate Members: BDO, MPs, MLAs, MLCs of that area.They can only attend meetings and express views, do not have the power to vote. Ex-officio Members: The sub divisional magistrate and and block development officer (BDO). R eservations (according to proportion to the population): Almost ⅓ rd Seats are reserved for SC/ST. ⅓ rd seats are reserved for women. About 50% in some states . 33% 33% 33% Women SC/ST and OBC Elected Members The President of the Panchayat Samiti is also called Pradhan. Besides him, the Up - Pradhan (Vice - President) is also elected. Qualifications: Same as that for Gram Panchayat.

16. Functions Of Panchayat Samiti Civic Facilities and Welfare Delegated Functions Supervisory Functions

17. Civic Facilities and Welfare Develop Cottage, Handloom, Handicraft, and Village Industries. Rural Health Programme (PHC & CHC). Rural Water Supply. Support Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Fisheries. Social Welfare : improve status of women, children, welfare of SC/ST, and Setting up ‘Anganwadis’. Rural Employment.

18. Supervisory Functions Build Roads, Bridges, Education, Hospitals, Drinking Water, etc. Examines the Budget of Gram Panchayats under it. Notes Number of Deaths and Births. Exercises Control Over the functioning of BDOs and his assistants. S upervises the Work of Gram Panchayats under it.

19. Delegated Functions Serves as a link between Gram Panchayat and Zila Parishad. Improve overall quality of life in rural areas. Coordinates a number of central schemes on 50:50 basis between the States and the Centre. State government assigns functions to District agencies and they assign them to Panchayat Samiti.

20. Zila Parishad is the Apex Body under Panchayati Raj. It Coordinates various activities of the various Panchayat Samitis. Several Block, with numerous villages constitute a Zila (District). Zila Parishad (District level): Zila (District) Blocks There are 630 Zila Parishads in India as a whole. This Zila Parishad is headed by a civil servant under IAS or State Administration Service. It is called as Mahakuma Parishad in Assam and as District Development Council in Karnataka & Tamil Nadu.

21. Zila Parishad Composition: Elected Members: Pradhans / Chairman (president) of Zila Parishad within the district, and one from each of the co - operative societies of the district. Associate Members: BDO, MPs, MLAs, MLCs of that area. They can only attend meetings and express views, do not have the power to vote. Ex-officio Members: The sub divisional magistrate and and block development officer (BDO). Reservations (according to proportion to the population): Almost ⅓ rd Seats are reserved for SC/ST. ⅓ rd seats are reserved for women. About 50% in some states . 33% 33% 33% Women SC/ST and OBC Elected Members The President of the Panchayat Samiti is also called Pradhan. Besides him, the Up - Pradhan (Vice - President) is also elected. Qualifications: Same as that for Gram Panchayat.

22. Functions Of Zila Parishad Civic Facilities and Welfare Advisory & Financial Functions Coordination & Supervisory Functions

23. Civic Facilities and Welfare Construct and Maintain Roads, Bridges, Public Houses, etc. Build libraries, hospitals, dispensaries, educational institutions, etc. Provide relief during emergencies and promote welfare of weaker sections of the society. Develop land, water and human resources of that Area. Improve Irrigation & Electrification facilities.

24. Coordination & Supervision Supervises the work of the Panchayat Samitis that are under it. Examines the budget of the Panchayat Samitis that are under it. Promotes E - governance in order to monitor the functioning of Panchayat Samitis.

25. Advices state government regarding needs of the people in rural areas. Receives funds from either the Union or State Government and distributes it among the Panchayat Samitis. Advisory & Financial

26. Conclusion Panchayati Raj is also known as 'Local self government' because it deals with the decentralised governance and administration of people at the basic or local level in village, panchayats and small towns. Local authorities are able to adapt to local needs and react more quickly to local problems than Central Government. Councillors and Officers have an understanding of the local area and can tailor policies to that area. It is likely to be more efficient to run services locally than manage them from the centre. Almost all such local government bodies share certain characteristics: a continuing Organization; the authority to undertake public activities; the ability to enter into contracts; and the ability to collect taxes and determine a budget.

27. Acknowledgement First and Foremost, I would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to my Civics teacher and our Principal for providing me with the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic - “Rural Local Self Government”, and also for their support, encouragement, enthusiasm, and guidance throughout the project. Secondly, I would like to thank my parents and my friends for their continuous support, help, and encouragement, and also for providing me with enough content and material for the project. At last, I would like to thank my Fellow Classmates for numerous helpful discussions along the way.

28. Bibliography Book Referred : - Ages And Events: ICSE History and Civics, Class 9 Websites Referred : - https://www.slideshare.net https://en.wikipedia.org https://www.quora.com https://in.pinterest.com https://www.india.gov.in