ruraldevelpmentppt-210116174820.pdf

Rural development class 12th Indian economics project

1. Presented by
Satyaveer(I.D No-MFK-1930)
Department of Fisheries Resources & Management
College of Fisheries Mangalore
[email protected]

2. RURAL DEVELOPMENT
•Ruraldevelopmentisastrategydesignedtoimprovetheeconomicand
sociallifeofruralpoor.
•Itisaprocess,whichaimsatimprovingthewellbeingandselfrealizationof
peoplelivingoutsidetheurbanizedareasthroughcollectiveprocess.
•RuralDevelopmentisallaboutbringingchangeamongruralcommunity
fromthetraditionalwayoflivingtoprogressivewayofliving.Itisalso
expressedasamovementforprogress.

3. The United Nations defines Rural
Development as:
•“RuralDevelopmentisaprocessofchange,bywhichtheeffortsofthepeople
themselvesareunited,thoseofgovernmentauthoritiestoimprovetheir
economic,socialandculturalconditionsofcommunitiesintothelifeofthe
nationandtoenablethemtocontributefullytonationalprogramme.”

4. Meaning of Rural
•Collin’scobuilddictionarydescribesthewordruralas“placesforaway
fromtownsorcities”
•Sociologypointofviewruralisdefinedasagroupofpeoplewhoare
traditionalistsinoutlook,rootedinthelandandwhoresistchange.

5. DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE
•Rural infrastructure and habitat development
•Poverty reduction
•Provision of basic minimum services
•Employment generation
•Making available basic necessities

6. Factors differentiating rural marketing
from urban marketing
•Infrastructureavailability:
Electricitysupply,financefacility,educationlevel,roadsconnectivity
•Incomestreams:
Inruralareasinisseasonalandhighlyunreliable,consumptionpatternis
quitedifferent
•Lifestyle:
Dailyroutineofconsumersisdifferent
•Context:
Becauseofvariationininfrastructureandincome,anindividualexistsin
ruralareasisdifferent

7. •Socio:
Culturalbackground:valuesystem,goods/servicesandconsumptionin
generalisquitedifferent
•Accessibility:Thecostandlogisticsishigh
•Mediareachandhabits:
Differenttypesofpromotionalstrategyinthesetwomarkets.
•Natureofcompetition:thenatureandintensityofcompetitionamongst
thebrandsisverydifferentinthetwomarkets
•Consumerbehaviour:theconsumer’sresponsetomarketingstimulate
differswidelyintwomarkets

8. Rural Development Approaches
•Ruraldevelopmentprogramswerehistoricallytop-downapproaches
fromlocalorregionalauthorities,regionaldevelopmentagencies,NGOs,national
governmentsorinternationaldevelopmentorganizations.
•Ruraldevelopmentaimsatfindingwaystoimproveruralliveswithparticipation
ofruralpeoplethemselves,soastomeettherequiredneedsofruralcommunities.
•TheNewRuralReconstructionMovementinChinahasbeenactivelypromoting
ruraldevelopmentthroughtheirecologicalfarmingprojects

9. Development Objectives of Rural Areas
•Improvement of Economic Capabilities
•Improvement of Human Capabilities
•Improvement of Protective Capabilities
•Improvement of Political Capabilities

10. Rural Development in India –The Concept
•Improvementintheleveloflivingstandardincludingemployment,
education,healthnutrition,housingandavarietyofsocialservices.
•Decreasinginequalityindistributionofruralincomesandintheruralurban
imbalancesinincomesandeconomicopportunities.
•Tosustainthecapacityofruralsector.

11. 7 Major Rural Development Policies of India
1. Land Policy
2. Technology Policy
3. Agricultural Policy
4. Employment Policy
5. Education, Research and Extension Policy
6. Rural Institutions Policy
7. Price Policy.

12. Components of Rural Development Policy
1.EnvironmentalConditions-Thefirstcomponentistheindividualand
hisenvironment.Theindividualsneedtodeveloptheskillsandabilitiesto
makeeffectiveuseofresourcesthatthenaturalenvironmentalconditions
areproviding.
•Ontheotherhand,theindividualsarerequiredtogenerateawarenessin
termsofvariousstrategiesandapproachesthatarerequiredforthe
preservationoftheenvironment.

13. 2. Ecological Settings
•TheEcologicalsettingreferstotheprinciplebiophysicalcharacteristicsat
multiplescalesthathaveastronginfluenceuponthecomposition,structure,
andfunctionoftheparticularecosystem,overalongperiodoftimeandserve
todescribeanddistinguishitecologically.
•Themajoraspectsthatneedtobetakenintoaccountinthecaseofecological
settingsare,wetness,soildepth,temperature,solarexposureandwind
exposurethatdefinetheecologicalcharacteristics

14. 3. Technology
•Theruralindividualshaverecognizedthesignificanceoftechnology.They
areawarethatmakinguseoftechnicalmethodswouldmaketheirtasksand
activitiesmanageable.
•Inthepresentexistence,theyaremakinguseoftechnicalmethodsinthe
agriculturesector,farmingpracticesandproductionandmanufacturingof
goods.
•Inadditiontotheuseoftechnologyintheimplementationoftasksand
activities,individualsarealsomakinguseofit,intheformofmobilephones
andcomputerstoaugmenttheirknowledgeandinformation.

15. 4. Infrastructure
•Thedevelopmentofinfrastructureisintegraltothedevelopmentofrural
areas.Theinfrastructuralfacilitiesthatneedtobedevelopedinrural
communitiesare,roads,transportation,communications,powersupplies,
watersupplies,publicservices,broadcastingandtelecommunications.

16. 5. Law and Order
•Lawandorderisreferredtothemaintenanceofpeaceandtranquillity,which
thecitizensarerequiredtoputintooperationforobeyingthelawofland.
Forinstance,therehasbeenprevalenceofdiscriminatorytreatmentand
criminalandviolentactswithinruralcommunities.
•Throughtheimplementationoflawandorder,theindividuals,whoaredoers,
getsubjectedtodisciplinaryaction.Therefore,themainobjectiveoflawand
orderistoensuretheindividualsmakeprovisionofequalrightsand
opportunitiestobothmalesandfemales.
•Furthermore,thereshouldnotbeanykindofdiscriminationonthebasisof
anyfactors,including,caste,creed,race,religion,ethnicity,genderand
socio-economicbackground.

17. 6. Education
•Theeducationisregardedasthemaininstrumentthatlaysthefoundation
fortheindividualstoleadtoprogressinallareasandinrichtheiroverall
qualityoflives.Inruralcommunities,thesystemofeducationisnotina
well-developedstate.
•Measuresneedtobeformulatedtobringaboutimprovementsinthese
aspects,sotherewouldbeanincreaseintheenrolmentofstudentsin
schools.

18. 7. Training Programs
•Thedevelopmentoftrainingprogramsamongruralcommunitiesisessential
fortheprogressionandwell-beingoftheindividualsaswellastoenable
themtoaugmentproductivityandprofitability.
•Therehavebeenestablishmentoftrainingcentres,whichareproviding
knowledgeandrenderinganeffectivecontributionintheup-gradationof
skillsoftheindividuals.Thedifferentareasinclude,healthcare,dietand
nutrition,childdevelopment,handicraftsandartworks,andsoforth.

19. 8. Distributive Justice
•Thedistributivejusticeinvolvesoperationalizationofthevalueofaccess
entailsexercisesofpowerandauthority.Itfollowsboththematterof
commonsenseandempiricalobservation.
•Thecreation,structuring,reinforcementandboundariesofaccess
opportunitieswillberelatedtothemainfeaturesofdistributionof
managementandpowerwithinsociety.

20. 9. Medical and Health Care
•Theestablishmentofhealthcarecentresareregardedtobemostsignificance,
asindividuals,belongingtoallagegroupsandbackgroundsarerequiredto
takecareoftheirhealthcareneedsandrequirements.
•Whentheindividualsareingoodhealth,thentheywouldbeableto
effectivelygetinvolvedintheimplementationofvarioustasksandactivities.

21. Strategies of Rural Development
1. The Multi-purpose Strategy
•TheCommunityDevelopmentProgram(CPD)beganin1952.
•Ithadthemainobjectiveofpromotingdevelopmentofmaterialandhuman
resourcesthroughtheco-operativeeffortsoftheindividualsandassistance
availablefromthestate.
•Itwasregardedasaneducationalandanorganizationalprocess.
•Themajorobjectivewassocialandeconomicimprovement.
•TheactivitiesofCPDincluded,agriculture,animalhusbandry,irrigation,
waterresources,co-operation,villageandsmallscaleindustries,healthand
sanitation,communication,housingandsoforth

22. 2. Growth Oriented Strategy
•Thegrowthorientedstrategywasbasedonruralindividuals.Thoughrural
individualsareresidingintheconditionsofpovertyandbackwardness,but
theyalsopossesssharpmind-setsandcanmakewisedecisions.
•Themainobjectiveofruralindividualsistoenhancetheirlivingconditions
andtoachievethispurpose,theyarelookingforemploymentandincome
generatingopportunities.

23. 3. Target Group Strategy
•Inthetargetgroupstrategy,aparticulargroupisundertakenandresearched
upon.Normally,asinthiscase,strategiesforruraldevelopmentarebeing
researchedupon.
•Therefore,conditionsmaybeanalysedofsmallandmarginalfarmers,aswell
aswealthierfarmers.Theconditionsofsmallandmarginalfarmersarenotin
animprovedstate.
•Theyareresidingintheconditionsofpovertyandbackwardnessand
thereforeareunawareofmodernandinnovativestrategiesandmethodsthat
areconsideredessentialtoaugmentproduction.

24. 4. Area Development Strategy
•Undertheareadevelopmentstrategy,emphasishasbeenputuponthe
developmentofbackwardregions.Thisstrategypresumesthatthegrowth
centreshaveageographicalspreadeffectthattheregions,whicharedeficient
intermsofresourcesorinfrastructureetc.
•Themajorprogramsthathavebeenformulatedunderthisstrategyare,
DroughtProneAreaProgram(DPAP),TribalAreaDevelopmentProgram
(TADP),CommandAreaDevelopmentProgram(CADP),HillArea
DevelopmentProgramandsoforth.

25. 5. Spatial Planning Strategy
•Thespatialplanningstrategyisthestrategythatdemandsforimplementation
ofspecialprogramsintheirrespectivelocations,inductionoftheproduction
plans,employmentprogramsandsupplyofbasicneedsofruralpopulation.
•Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,theprogramsandthestrategiesneedtobe
ruraloriented.itwasvitalfortheindividualstogenerateawarenessinterms
oftechno-economic,socio-politicalandadministrativefunctions.

26. 6. Integrated or Holistic Strategy
•Integratedorholisticstrategyhasbeenformulated,takingintoconsideration
theperspectivethatdevelopmentshouldbeanintegratedone.
•Thereisanintegrationinthedevelopmentofareas,regions,infrastructure,
education,employmentopportunities,humanresources,training,skills
developmentprogramsandtheoverallqualityoflivesofruralindividuals.

27. 7. Participatory Strategy
•Duringthepasttwodecades,variousnewapproacheslikethetop-down
planning,planningfrombelow,bottomupplanning,micro-levelplanning
andmulti-levelplanning,havebeenputintooperationwithintheframework
ofinvolvingtheindividualsinthephaseofdevelopment.
•Whentheindividualsareparticipatinginthedecisionmakingprocesses,then
theyarerequiredtoimplementrationalandlogicalthinking.Therural
individualsarewell-awareintermsofopportunities,whichwouldleadto
improvementsintheirlivingconditions.

28. Rural development agencies
•(IIRR)InternationalInstituteofRuralReconstruction(Philippines)
isanon-profitorganizationthathelpsempowerruralcommunitiesbymakingthem
self.
•TechnicalCentreforAgriculturalandRuralCooperationACP-EU
(CTA)Agriculturalandruralinformationprovider
•USDARuralDevelopment(Washington,D.C),
anagencyoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureUSDAiscommittedto
helpingimprovetheeconomyandqualityoflifeinruralAmerica.Throughour
programs,wehelpruralAmericansinmanyways.Together,AmericaProspers.

29. •(ADATS)AgriculturalDevelopment&TrainingSociety,KarnatakaIndia
•(AzRIP)AzerbaijanRuralInvestmentProjectinAzerbaijan
•(NARI)NimbkarAgriculturalResearchInstitute,MaharashtraIndia
isanNGOandanon-profitresearchanddevelopmentinstitute
•PhilippineRuralReconstructionMovement,Philippinesisanon-
governmentalorganization

30. Reference
1. Rural Development Approaches and StrategiesDr. RadhikaKapur
•Chapter III. (n.d.). Role in Maintenance of Law and Order of District. Retrieved April 05,
•2019 from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/124675/4/chapter%203.pdf
•Chapter III. (n.d.). Rural Development Approaches and Strategies in India. Retrieved
•April 06, 2019 from
•http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/131642/10/10_chapter%203.pdf
•Chapter 4. (n.d.). Effective Approaches for Rural Development. Retrieved April 07,
2. wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_development
3. https://www.slideshare.net/nabilakm1/rural-development-programmes-in-india