RUTE PEMBERIAN OBAT KELOMPOK DUA FARMASI.pptx

Farmasi

1. Rute Pemberian Obat KELOMPOK 2: Alya Juliani Aul iah Devina S. Nur Masita Amir Khalimatussa’diyah Dwi Ramadhani Putri Auliah Rahmah Hamsiwar

2. ORAL 1. Cara pemberian obat melalui mulut untuk mencegah , mengobati , mengurangi rasasakit sesuai efek terapi dari jenis obat . Keuntungan : mudah , murah , aman dan nyaman bagi pasien . Kerugian : Aksinya lambat R asa dan bau obat yang tidak enak Tidak dapat diberikan pada penderita yang mual , muntah , semi koma , dan gangguan menelan .

3. 2. SUBLINGUAL Obat diberikan dengan cara meletakkan obat di bawah lidah . Keuntungan : Obat cepat , tidak diperlukan kemampuan menelan Kerusakan obat di saluran cerma dan metabolisme di dinding usus dan hati dapat dihindari ( tidak lewat vena aorta ). Kekurangan : Absorpsi tidak adekuat Kepatuhan pasien kurang Membutuhkan kontrol agar pasien tidak menelan .

4. 3 . PER REKTAL Obat dimasukkan melalui anus atau rektum , dengan tujuan memberikan efek lokal dan sistemik . Keuntungan : Dapat dipakai jika pasien tidak bisa peroral 2 . Dapat mencegah first-past-metabolism Pilihan terbaik pada anak-anak . Kerugian : Absorpsi tidak adekuat Banyak pasien tidak nyaman / risih perektal

5. 4. PER VAGINAM Pemberian obat dengan memasukkan melalui vagina, yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan efek terapi obat dan mengobati saluran vagina atau serviks . Keuntungan : Obat cepat bereaksi Efek yang ditimbulkan Kerugian : Dapat membangkitkan rasa malu Kesulitan dalam melakukan prosedur terhadap wanita lansia Setiap rabas yang keluar memungkinkan berbau busuk

6. 5. INHALASI Cara pemberian obat ke dalam saluran napas . Keuntungan : Absorpsi terjadi secara cepat karena permukaan absorpsinya luas Dapat menghantarkan obat langsungke paru-paru untuk segera bekerja Efek samping amping dapat dikurangi Jumlah obat yang perlu diberikan adalah lebih sedikit dibanding cara pemberian lainnya Kerugian : Diperlukan alat dan metoda khusus yang agak sulit dikerjakan Sukar mengatur dosis Obatnya sering mengiritasi epitel paru .

7. 6 . EMPLASTRUM Merupakan hasil proses penyabunan dari asam lemat dengan logam berat . Emplastrum sebagai obat luar . Keuntungan : Memberikan proteksi dari benturan mekanis pada kulit Mengakibatkan obat berkontrak erat dengan kulit yang diobati , tidak gampang meleleh sehingga efek lokal lebih intensif

8. 7 . URETHRAL Digunakan lewat urethra, bentuk batang panjang antara 7 cm-14 cm . Merupakan salah satu jenis suppositoria . Contoh : Trans Urethral Resection Of The Prostate (TURP) pada hiperplasia prostat .

9. 8. IMPLAN Merupakan satu unit sistim penghantaran obat yang dibuat untuk menghantarkan obat dengan kecepatan tertentu , dengan periode waktu yang diperpanjang . Keuntungan : Nyaman ( convenience ). Baik untuk pelepasan obat terkontrol Memaksimalkan penghantaran obat Fleksibel Kekurangan : Invasif , diperlukan prosedur bedah minoratau mayor untuk memulai terapi Bahaya rusaknya alat , dapat menyebabkan kegagalan terapi Terbatasnya obat-obatan poten Biokompatibel , reaksi tubuh terhadapbenda asing yang masuk dan keamanan implant

10. 9. BUCCAL Dilakukan dengan menempatkan obat padat di membran mukosa pipi sampai obat larut . Keuntungan : Onset cepat Mencegah “ first-pass effect ” Tidak diperlukan kemampuan menelan Kekurangan : Absorbsi tidak adekuat Kepatuhan pasien kurang Mencegah pasien menelan

11. 10. INTRAVENA Obat langsung dimasukkan ke pembuluh darah sehingga kadar obat di dalam darah diperoleh dengan cepat , tepat dan dapat disesuaikan langsung dengan respons penderita . Keuntungan : Cepat mencapai konsentrasi Dosis tepat Mudah menitrasi dosis Kekurangan : Obat yang sudah diberikan tidak dapat ditarik kembali Pemberian intravena (IV) harus dilakukan perlahan-lahan Konsentrasi awal tinggi toksik , invasive resiko infeksi Memerlukan keahlian

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13. You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here 01 03 02 Table of contents 04 Objectives Pharmacology Section Section

14. Pharmacology in nursing Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon Critical role Nursing practice

15. History of pharmacology Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one of them all Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust Ancient remedies Development of pharmacology Modern pharmaceuticals

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20. Jupiter’s rotation period 9h 55m 23s 333,000 The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s 386,000 km Distance between Earth and the Moon

21. Let’s use some percentages Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest of them all Mercury Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun Venus Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust Mars 50% 75% 25%

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25. Venus Mars Mercury This is a map Venus is the second planet from the Sun Despite being red, Mars is a very cold place Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun

26. Medication administration Diagnosing Venus is the second planet from the Sun Planning Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Implementing Despite being red, Mars is a very cold place Evaluating Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all

27. Absorption Pharmacokinetics Processes ADME Distribution Metabolism Elimination Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Venus has a beautiful name but is very hot Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet

28. Pharmacodynamics Drugs Receptors Agonists Antagonists Study Mercury is the smallest planet Venus has a beautiful name Earth is where all humans live How it works Mars is actually a cold place Jupiter is the biggest planet Saturn is a giant and has rings Effects Neptune is very far away from us The Sun is the star of the Solar System Pluto is considered a dwarf planet

29. Common medication errors Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here Dose Mercury is quite a small planet Error Jupiter is the biggest planet Therapy Venus has a beautiful name Medicine Saturn is a gas giant with rings

30. Trends in pharmacology Now vs Future Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Patient Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet Venus has a beautiful name but is very hot Diagnose Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Earth is the third planet from the Sun Evaluating Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Monitoring The Sun is the star that all planets orbit

31. Strategies to prevent errors Barriers and automations Standardization of protocols Alerts and warnings Policies, rules and reminders Educational programs Update information Follow the processes Patient health first

32. Patient history Session Venus has a beautiful name but is very hot Exploring Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Examination Earth is the third planet from the Sun Planning Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Closing Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet 1 2 3 4 5

33. Best practices Medication administration Professionals List of best practices List of best practices List of best practices Medicines List of best practices List of best practices List of best practices Patients List of best practices List of best practices List of best practices Systems List of best practices List of best practices List of best practices

34. Dosage calculation methods (D/H) x V = A D Desired drug dose Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System H Dose on hand Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun V Vehicle Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust A Amount to be given Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet in the Solar System

35. Adverse drug reactions Types of reactions Short time Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Long time Venus has a beautiful name and is the second Augmented effects Bizarre effects Chronic effects Delayed effects Post treatment effects

36. Drug interactions Mercury is the smallest planet Venus has a beautiful name Mars is actually a cold place Jupiter is the biggest planet Saturn is a gas giant and has rings Drug Food Disease Allergy Gene

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