Safety Course in chemical laboratory.pdf

How to handle chemicals

1. •Thistrainingismeanttoassistemployees,students,visitingscholars,
andvolunteersindevelopingabetterunderstandingofspecial
techniquescreatedbyregulatoryandnon-regulatoryagenciesand
researchactivities.

2. •Uponcompletionofthistraining,thelearnerwillbeableto:
1.Nurtureprudentpracticessothatsafetyisavaluedand
inseparablepartofalllaboratoryactivitiesthroughouttheir
career.
2.Learnhowtoidentify,evaluate,andcontrolchemicaland
physicalhazardsinresearchactivities.
3.Recognizeradiationintheareaandprecautionstotake.
4.LearnaboutStandardMicrobiologicalPracticesthatarecommon
toalllaboratories.

3. 5.Identifyengineeringcontrolsandworkpracticesfor
airbornepathogens.
6.Selectappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipmentforthe
hazards.
7.Collect,identify,segregate,andproperlystorehazardous
waste.
8.Increaseawarenessofsecurityrisksofhazardous
materialswithinaninstitutionandwaystoenhancesecurity.

4. •Safetyisfreedomfromdanger,injury, ordamage.
•Hazardisthepotentialsourceofdangerorharm(physical injuryor
damagetohealth).
Healthhazardisachemicalthatcanposeoneofthefollowing:
acutetoxicity,skincorrosionorirritation,seriouseyedamageor
irritation,respiratoryorskinsensitization,germcellmutagenicity,
carcinogenicity, reproductivetoxicity,specifictargetorgantoxicity,
andaspirationhazard.
Physicalhazardisachemicalthatcanposeoneofthefollowing:
explosive,flammable,oxidizer,self-reactive,pyrophoric,self-
heating,organicperoxide,corrosivetometal,gasunderpressure,
incontactwithwateremitsflammablegas,orcombustibledust.

5. •Riskistheprobabilityofsufferingharmfromexposuretoan
unsafesituation.
•Exposureiscomingindirectcontactwithahazard.
Acuteisanexposureinashortamountoftime.
Chronicisrepeatedexposuresoveralongerperiodof
time.
Routescanincludeinhalation,absorption,ingestion,
andinjection.

7. •ASafetyDataSheets(SDS,formerlyknown
asaMaterialSafetyDataSheet[MSDS])is
providedbychemicalmanufacturers,
distributors,and/orimporters.
•Itcontainspertinentsafetyinformation
(communicatingthehazards)abouta
chemicalorchemicalproductbeingused.
•Theformatis uniformedandcontains16-
sectionswithrelevantinformationpertaining
tothesubjectheader.

8. •Section1,Identification,includesproductidentifier;manufacturer
ordistributorname,address,phonenumber;emergencyphone
number;recommendeduse;restrictionsonuse.
•Section2,Hazard(s)identification,includesallhazards
regardingthechemical;requiredlabelelements.
•Section3,Composition/informationoningredients,includes
informationonchemicalingredients;tradesecretclaims.
•Section4,First-aidmeasures,includesimportantsymptoms/
effects,acute,delayed;requiredtreatment.

9. •Section5,Fire-fightingmeasures,listssuitableextinguishing
techniques,equipment;chemicalhazardsfromfire.
•Section6,Accidentalreleasemeasures,listsemergencyprocedures;
protectiveequipment;propermethodsofcontainmentandcleanup.
•Section7,Handlingandstorage,listsprecautionsforsafehandlingand
storage,includingincompatibilities.
•Section8,Exposurecontrols/personalprotection,listsOSHA's
PermissibleExposureLimits(PELs);ThresholdLimitValues(TLVs);
appropriateengineeringcontrols;personalprotectiveequipment(PPE).

10. •Section9,PhysicalandChemicalProperties,identifiesphysicaland
chemicalpropertiesassociatedwiththesubstance,includingappearance,
flammabilitylimits,odor,vapor pressure,pH,melting/freezingpoints,boiling
points,flashpoints,andviscosity.
•Section10,StabilityandReactivity,describesthereactivity hazardsof
thechemicalandinformationaboutthechemical's stability.
•Section11,ToxicologicalInformation,includesroutesof exposure;
relatedsymptoms,acuteandchroniceffects; numericalmeasuresof
toxicity.
•Section12,Ecological Information,providesinformationtoevaluatethe
environmentalimpactof thechemicalif itwerereleasedtotheenvironment.

11. •Section13.DisposalInformation,providesguidanceonproper
disposalpracticesforthechemical.
•Section14,TransportInformation,providesguidanceon
shippingandtransportofthechemicalbyroad,air,rail,orsea.
•Section15,RegulatoryInformation,identifiesanyspecificsafety,
healthandenvironmentalregulationsfortheproductthatarenot
indicatedelsewhereontheSDS.
•Section16,OtherInformation,indicateswhentheSDSwas
preparedorwhenlastrevised.Itmayalsoindicatewhererevisions
tothepreviousversionweremadeandmayincludeotherusefulor
relevantinformation.

12. •Beforeworkingwithhazardous
materials.
•Beforestartinga new
process/procedurethatinvolves
the use ofnewchemicals.
•Immediatelyafterexposureto
hazardousmaterials.

13. •ThePrincipalInvestigator,Director,Supervisor,and/orLab
ManagermustmaintainSDSsthatarereceivedwithshipmentsof
hazardousmaterialsandmakethemreadilyavailabletoeveryone
inthelab.
SDSscanbestoredashardcopiesinthelaboronthe
EHRSManagementSystem.
LabswhodecidetostoreSDSsonEHRSManagement
Systemmustuploadthemintothesystem.
oEveryoneinthelabmustbeabletoaccessthesystem
withoutbarriers(e.g.,passwordonthecomputer).

14. •Ifapersonalcontaminationoccurred,refertothe“FirstAidMeasures”
sectionintheSDStominimizetheeffectsoftheexposuretothe
chemicalproduct.
•DoNOTadministeryourownanecdotalfirstaidmeasures(e.g.,
skillsetorscientificknowledge)inanattempttominimizetheeffectsof
theexposuretothechemicalproduct.
•Itseemslogicaltoneutralizetheexposuretoanacidwithabaseor
viceversa.However,anattempttoneutralizeachemicalcontamination
oftheskinoreyescouldincreaseinjury bycausing:
thermalburnsfromtheheatgivenoffwhenthetwo
chemicalsreact;and,
additionalinjury duetocontactwiththeneutralizingagent.
Thereisnoclearbenefittousinganeutralizingagent
insteadofwater.

15. •Ifyoudonotremembertheexactfirstaidmeasures,herearesome
immediatestepsyoucantake:
Skincontamination–rinse(ideallywithin1minute)thearea
withlargeamountsofwater,lookattheSDS forfurtherrinsing
procedures,informtheappropriateperson(e.g.,Principal
Investigator,Director,etc.),andseekmedicalattention.

16. Skin injurycanpotentiallyincreasewithalongerdelay
betweenachemicalexposureandthestartofwaterflushing.
When usingahandwashingsink, thetemperatureofthe
watershouldbesettowhereitcanbetoleratedforalength
oftime.
Thetemperatureofthewaterfortheemergencyshower
(andeyewash)issetbyFacilitiesManagementtobe60-
100°F(16-38°C).
Waterthatis toocold ortoohotwillpreventindividuals from
rinsingorshoweringaslongastheyshould.

17. The body’sbiologicalresponseto
hotwateris foritspores toopen,
whichcouldpotentiallyincrease
absorptionofcontaminants into
theskin.Plus,waterthatis too
hotcan scalddelicateskin,thus
causingfurtherdamage.
Waterthatis toocoldcan leadto
hypothermiaon top oftheoriginal
chemicalexposureandcause the
chemicaltogettrapintheskin.

18. Eyecontamination-irrigateyoureyeswithlarge
amountsof waterforatleast15minutes,inform the
appropriateperson,andseekmedicalattention.
oRemembertoforceyoureyelids openand
movethem rightandleft,upanddownto
completelyflushyoureyes.
oIf youwearcontactlenses,pleaseremove
them beforeflushingyoureyeswithwater.
Theyarecontaminatedatthis pointandmust
bediscarded.
oFor pullovershirts andsweaters,itmay be
beneficialtocut them offtoprevent
contaminationofeyes.

19. Inhalation-closethecontainer(ifapplicable),look atthe
SDSforthefirstaidmeasures,informtheappropriate
person,andseekmedicalattention.
Ingestion(swallowing)–lookattheSDSforfirstaid
measures,informtheappropriateperson,andseekmedical
attention.
•Removeanyjewelryandclothingthathavebecome
contaminatedtofacilitatetheremovalofanyresidual material.

20. Before usinga hazardous
chemical,read alllabelsand
signscarefully.Mostchemicals
in the workplaceare in primary
containers—thatis,containers
receiveddirectlyfromthe
chemicalmanufacturer,
distributor,orimporter.

21. •Labelsareusedtoprovidethe user withinformationsuchasproperstorage,firstaidmeasures,
andotherrelevantsafetyinformation.
•Labelsmustbewrittenin English,legible,andprominentlydisplayed.
•Themanufacturer,distributor,and/orimporterwererequiredto labeleachprimarycontainerby
12/1/15with:
Themanufacturer'sname,address,andtelephonenumber ;
Theproductidentifier;
Thesignalword;
Hazardstatement(s);
precautionarystatement(s);and
Appropriatepictograms.

22. •Name,AddressandTelephoneNumber ofthechemical
manufacturer,importer,orotherresponsible party.
•ProductIdentifieris howthehazardouschemicalisidentified.
Thiscanbe(isnotlimitedto)thechemicalname,code
number,orbatchnumber.Themanufacturer,importeror
distributorcandecidetheappropriateproductidentifier.The
sameproductidentifiermustbeonthelabelandinsection 1of
theSDS.

23. •Signal Wordsareusedtoindicatetherelativelevel of severityof thehazardand
alert thereader toapotentialhazardonthelabel.Thereareonlytwowordsusedas
signalwords–“Danger”and“Warning.”
“Danger”isusedfor themoreseverehazards.
“Warning”isusedfor thelessseverehazards.
Therewillonlybeonesignalwordonthelabelnomatterhowmanyhazardsa
chemicalmayhave.Ifoneofthehazardswarrantsa“Danger”signalwordand
anotherwarrantsthesignalword“Warning,”thenonly“Danger”shouldappear
onthelabel.
Thesignal word“caution”isnolongerusedunder therevisedOSHA’sHazard
CommunicationStandard. However, it isstillusedunder EPA’srulesfor
pesticidelabels.

24. •HazardStatementsdescribethenatureof thehazard(s)ofachemical,
including,whereappropriate,thedegreeofhazard.For example,
“Causesdamagetokidneysthroughprolongedor repeatedexposure
whenabsorbedthroughtheskin.”
Allapplicablehazardstatements mustappearonthelabel.
Hazardstatements may becombinedwhereappropriatetoreduce
redundanciesandimprovereadability.
Thehazardstatements arespecifictothehazardclassification
categories,andchemicalusers shouldalwaysseethesame
statementfor thesamehazardsnomatter whatthechemicalis or
whoproducesit.

25. •PrecautionaryStatementsdescriberecommendedmeasuresthatshould
betakentominimizeor preventadverseeffects resultingfrom exposureto
thehazardouschemicalor improperstorageor handling.Therearefour
typesofprecautionarystatements:
1)prevention(tominimizeexposure);
2)response(incaseofaccidentalspillageor exposureemergency
response,andfirst-aid);
3)storage;and,
4)disposal.
For example,achemicalpresentingaspecific targetorgantoxicity(repeated
exposure)hazardwouldincludethefollowingonthelabel:“Donotbreathe
dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.Get medicaladvice/attentionifyoufeel
unwell.Disposeof contents/containerinaccordancewithlocal/regional/
nationalandinternationalregulations.”

26. •SupplementaryInformation:
Thelabelproducermay provideadditionalinstructionsor information
thatit deemshelpful.It may alsolistany hazardsnototherwise
classifiedunderthis portionofthelabel.
Thissectionmust alsoidentifythepercentageofingredient(s)of
unknownacutetoxicitywhenitis presentinaconcentrationof≥1%
(andtheclassificationis notbasedontestingthemixtureas awhole).
If anemployer(e.g., PrincipalInvestigator or Director)decidesto
includeadditionalinformationregardingthechemicalthatis aboveand
beyondwhatthestandardrequires,it may listthis informationunder
whatis considered“supplementaryinformation.”

27. •Pictogramsaregraphicsymbols(illustrated
ontheright)usedtocommunicatespecific
informationaboutthehazardsofachemical
andimproveworkersafety andhealth.
ThepictogramsOSHAadoptedconform
totheGlobalHarmonizationSystem
(GHS) andareusedworldwide.
WhiletheGHSusesatotalof nine
pictograms,OSHAwillonlyenforcethe
useofeight.Theenvironmental
pictogramis notmandatory,because
environmentalhazardsarenotwithin
OSHA’s jurisdiction.

29. •Somelabactivitiesrequiretransferringchemicalsfromtheoriginallabeledcontainerinto
aworkplacecontainer(e.g.,beaker,flask, orbottle).
•WorkplaceContainersmustcomply withthelabelingrequirements(listedonthenext
slide)if anyofthefollowingeventsoccur:
Thematerialis notusedwithintheworkshift oftheindividualwhomakes
thetransfer.
Theindividualwhomadethetransferleaves theworkarea.
Thecontaineris movedtoanotherworkareaandis nolongerinthe
possessionoftheindividualwhofilledthecontainer.
•Labels onworkplacecontainersarenotrequiredif theindividualwhomadethetransfer
usesallof thecontentsduringtheworkshift.

30. •Thedepartmentorlabhastheoptiontousethemanufacturer’slabel.Please note: You
mustcontactthemanufacturerforpre-printedlabelstoadheretotheworkplacecontainer.
•Anotheroptionistocreateyourownlabel,whichmusthavethefollowing:
Theidentity ofthechemicalinthecontainer.
Noabbreviations, inter-departmentalterminologies,and/orchemical
formulasonthecontainer.
Mustbelegible.
Permanentlydisplayed.
WritteninEnglish.Otherlanguages maybeaddedtothelabelif the
informationis presentedinEnglishaswell.
Hazardwarningsymbol(list onthenextslide).
•Labelsmustbeconsistentthroughouttheworkarea.

31. TheNationalFireProtection
Association’s(NFPA)
diamondisacolorcoded,
numericalratingsystemand
providesat-a-glancehazard
information.Itis commonly
foundondoorsof
laboratoriesandchemical
storageareas.

32. TheHazardousMaterials
IdentificationSystem(HMIS)has
thesamecolorcode,numerical,
ratingsystemastheNFPA
diamond.Itiscommonlyfoundon
containersthatdon’thavethe
manufacturer’slabel.
Pleasenote:Ifyoudecidetouse
HMISlabels,theindex(illustrated
ontheright)shouldbeusedasa
referenceandpostedinacentral
location.

33. •SomeSDSs mayprovidetheNFPAdiamondand/orHMISsymbol
withhazardratingnumbersfilledinalready.Note:Additional
informationmaybeprovidedinothersectionsoftheSDS.
•Ifthediamondis notprovidedontheSDS,youcanobtainthe
informationunderthefollowingsectionsoftheSDS:
HealthhazardinformationunderSection11;
FlammabilityinformationunderSection9;
InstabilityinformationunderSection10;and,
SpecialinformationunderSection9,10,11.

34. •ObtainthecurrenteditionofNFPA704or reviewit
onlineat www.nfpa.org/704.
ComparethecriteriaontheSDSsectionsas
shownonthepreviousslidewiththecriteria
showninTables 5.2(Health),6.2(Flammability),
7.2(Instability)and8.2(SpecialHazards).
Placenumbersforthedegreeof hazard
associatedwiththecriteriashownintheTables
inthecorrectquadrantof NFPA704diamond.
•DoNOTusethehazardcategorynumbersgivenin
section2ofSDSashazardratingstobeplacedon
NFPAdiamonds!

35. Nationalandinternationalorganizationshave
developedsignsandlabelsforvarioushazardous
materials.
Asignisplacedonthedoorof adepartmentor
laboratorytoinformemployees,students,visiting
scholar, andvolunteersaboutanyhazard(e.g.,
chemical,biological,and/orradiological)behindthe
door.

36. NFPAdiamond
(indicateschemical
hazardsarepresent)
Biohazardsign
(Indicatesbiological
hazardsarepresent
Radioactivesign
(Indicatesradiological
hazardsarepresent
CommonsignagethroughouttheUniversity

37. •Areasthathavespecialorunusualhazards(e.g.,lasers)musthave
theappropriatewarningsign(s)posted.
•Signs mustbepostedtoshowlocationsofemergencyeyewashesand
showers,exits,andfireextinguishers.
Itis theresponsibilityofthePrincipalInvestigatororDirectorto
purchasetheemergencyeyewashand/orshowersignagetobe
postedinthearea.
•Employees,students,visitingscholars,and/orvolunteers,whodonot
workinthearea,canonlyenteradepartmentorlaboratorywiththe
permissionoftheindividualwhois responsibleforthesafetyofthat
area.

38. Forminor(incidentalspills):
●Labworkerscancleanupasmallspillthatdoesnotpresentan
immediatehealthrisk.
●Spillcontrolsupplies(e.g.,adsorbent,gloves,goggles,anddisposal
bags)mustbemadeaccessibletochemicallaboratoriesandstorage
sites.
●Alertpeopleintheimmediateareaofthespill.
●In caseanyoneintheareaisinjured,he/shemustseekmedical
attention.
●Anyresultingwastemustbepackagedanddisposedofas
hazardouswaste.
●Ifalabworkerisunsureofhis/herabilitytocleanupaspill,he/she
cancallEHRSforassistance.

39. MajorChemical Spill Or SpillofanExtremelyHazardousChemicals:
•Immediatelycontactlab supervisor.
•Alertpeopleinthesurroundingareaandevacuate.
•If thereisnopotentialhealthorsafetyrisk,turnoffignitionandheatsources, and
maintainfumehoodventilation.
•Attendtoinjuredorcontaminatedpersonsandremovethemfrom potential
exposure.
Contaminatedclothingmust beremovedandflushcontaminatedskinwith
cool water.
Seekmedicalattentionimmediately.

40. •Haveapersonwithknowledgeoftheincidentavailabletoprovide
additionalinformationtotheemergencyresponsepersonnelupontheir
arrival.
•Donotre-entertheareauntilithasbeenclearedbyappropriate
emergencyresponsepersonnel.Followtheirdirections.

41. •CONTROLIGNITIONSOURCES.
•CallCampusSafety.
•Turnoffgasiflocationofvalveis known,
anditis safetodoso.
•Follow guidanceofCampusSafety.
•Iftheleakissignificant,evacuatethearea
andkeeppeopleout.

42. •Ifyoudiscoverafireorsmellsmoke,
soundthebuildingfirealarm.Note:Itis
importanttoknowthelocationofthe
alarmsignalstationsandhowthey
operate.
•Beginevacuationofthebuildingin
accordancewithevacuationprocedures,

43. PrincipalInvestigator(PI),Director,Supervisor, and/orLabManagerarerequiredto
providetraining,specifictothearea,toemployees,students,visitingscholars, and
volunteersonthefollowing:
•Workpractices(e.g.,jobresponsibilitiesandthehazard(s)associatedwiththose
responsibilities).
•Methodsandobservationsthatmaybeusedtodetectthepresenceorreleaseofa
chemicalintheworkarea.Examplesinclude:
MonitoringconductedbyEHRSoranoutsidevendor;
Continuous monitoringdevices;and,
Visualappearanceorodorofhazardouschemicalswhenbeingreleased.
•Signs andsymptomsassociatedwithexposurestohazardouschemicals usedinthe
laboratory.

44. •Physicalandhealthhazards(e.g.,simpleasphyxiation,combustibledust,
pyrophoricgashazards,etc.)associatedwiththechemicalsbeingusedin
theworkarea.
•PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE):
❑RecognizetheneedtowearPPE.Whatmustbeworn(including
rightsizeforproperfit) andwhattasksrequirespecificPPE.
❑Properlydon,adjust,wear,anddoffPPEwithoutcontaminating
oneselforintroducingcrosscontaminationtotheworkplace.
❑RecognizePPElimitationsandpossibleperformancedegradation
andwhentochangeoutPPE.
❑Properlyinspect,store,maintain,decontaminate,ordisposeofPPE.

45. •Wheresafetydevices(e.g.,emergencyeyewashes,showers,and/or
shut-offbuttons)arelocatedandhow-tousethem.
•Wherereferencematerials(e.g.,SDS, SOP,andprotocols)onthe
hazards,andsafehandling,storage,anddisposalofhazardous
chemicalscanbefoundinthelaboratory.Note:This information
mustbereviewedwitheveryoneinthelabaswell.
•Employees,students,visitingscholars,andvolunteers’
understandingoftherisksmustbeformallyassessedbeforethey
startconductingresearchactivities.
•Retrainingmusttakeplacewhenevernew hazardsareintroduced.
•Arecordofsite-specifictraining(includingEHRSsafetytraining[s])
foreveryonemustbemaintainedinthedepartment.