Safety slides on wind effect on fire in a tunnel

Wind effect on fire

1. Wind Effects in Fire Disaster Dr. Muyideen Abdulkareem 6 th May, 2021 Mont Blanc Road Tunnel

2. Connects France & Italy Mont Blanc: Europe’s highest mountain 11.6 Km long 3478m below the mountain Reduces travel time from 7 hrs to 15 minutes >5000 vehicles per day, 1.8m per year 6 year to construct ( 1959-1965) & 0pened in 1965 2 lanes, 8.6 m wide, 4.35 m clearance height INFORMATION

3. 18 fire refuges @600 m spacing 77 emergency telephones 40 monitoring cameras 78 smoke sensors 2 monitoring rooms (1 in Italy, 1 in France) 2 rescue teams (1 in Italy, 1 in France) SAFETY MEASURES

4. Truck from France Carrying Margarine & Flour Burnt for 53 hrs Casualties: 38 people Fire cause Cigarette waste into the air-filter Margarine, Polystyrene Temperature >1000 o C MARCH 24, 1999

5. Death cause Fire NOT the cause of death SMOKE Cars were stocked Fire is more intense in closed environment Fire incident produced heat equivalent to 7 30,000 litre petrol tankers Rescuers seek refuge for 4 hrs Fire Escalator Wind speed, wind direction, air pumping MARCH 24, 1999

6. thank you