Salient features of the indian constitution

salient features of Indian constitution.

1. Prepared by: Anum Chaudhary “Salient Features Of Indian Constitution”

2. Indian constitution The constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the frame work defining fundamental political principles, established the structure, procedure, powers and duties of government institutions and the duties of citizens.

3. preamble The preamble, the preface to the constitution, describes the source nature, ideology, goals and objectives of the constitution. It describes India as a sovereign socialist secular, democratic republic and underlines the national objective of social just: economic justice and political justice as well as fraternity.

4. Written constitution The constitution of India is a written constitution. It was framed by a constituent assembly which was established for the purpose in 1946. The framers of our constitution tried to put everything in black and white.

5. The lengthiest constitution in the world The constitution of India is the logiest in the world. Indian constitution has 395 articles originally, now there are 447 articles. Divided into 22 parts and 8 schedules.

6. unique blend of rigidity and flexibility Indian constitution though written is sufficiently flexible. In few provision it is necessary to take consent of half of the state legislature otherwise amendment by special majority of parliament. So far 98 amendments are made in 65 years.

7. Single citizenship In India, there is only single citizenship. In Indian is a citizen of Indian only. He is not a citizen of any Indian state. Single citizenship is meant to national unity and national integration.

8. Unique blend of federal and unitary features Normally constitution work as federal but during emergency it becomes unitary.

9. Adult Suffrage Voters must be 18 years of age. This is no discrimination in relation to education, gender, property, rich or poor etc.

10. Fundamental Rights Fundamental rights are in part 3 of constitution. Article 32, constitutional remedy provide a person can directly move to supreme court in violation of fundamental rights. Article 226, provides the same to directly move to high court.

11. In fundamental rights these rights may be enumerated as follows: Right to equality. Right to freedom. Right to constitutional remedies. Right to property Right to freedom of religion

12. Fundamental duties Another salient feature of the Indian constitution is the incorporation of the fundamental duties of citizens. The 42 nd amendment of 1976added article 51-A to the constitution requiring all citizens to fulfill 10 duties.

13. Sovereign socialist secular democratic republic The constitution declare India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, Democratic, republic. The world “socialist” and “secular” were added in preamble of the constitution by42 amendment in 1976.

14. Parliamentary form of government The Indian parliament is a Bi-cameral legislature. It consist of two chamber the upper chamber known as “ Rajya Sabha ” It consist of the president and lower chamber is known as “ LOK SABA ”

15. A: Rajya sabha The council of state is the second chamber of the union parliament. Its minimum strength is 250. but at president it consist of 232 member of this strength and 12 member are nominated by the president from among men. The rajya sabha , like the us senate, is a permanent body. its term of office is 6 years, but one third of its members are re-elected every two years.

16. B:lok S abha Lok sabha is the lower house of the indian parliament. It consist of about 500 members, elected directly by the voters in the states on the basis of adult suffrage. The total number of member is at present 509. any Indian 25 year of age and a citizens of Indian lok sabha sits for a period of 5 years