Salt tolerance crops

in this presentation describe about the plant tolerance of salt. there are two types of crops. highly tolerant crops or moderately tolerant crops. also describe the effect of salt in plants. and the adaptive response of plant in salt affected soil. how to improve the soil when they are effected with salts.

1. Salt tolerance crops Kainat Noor Elahi Roll no 15 MSc 4 th semester GC Women University, Sialkot

2. Degree to which the plant can withstand high conc. of salts in water and soil, without adverse effect. Defination

3. Moderately tolerant 5g/liter conc. of salt Oats, alfalfa, wheat, rice, maize, cucumber etc. Highly tolerant 10g/liter salt conc. Date-palm, barely, asparagus, sugar beat, cotton, spinach. Types of salt tolerant crops

4. Barely ( Horedeum vulgare ) Member of grass family ( poaceae ) 1 st cultivated grain, 10,000 year ago, 4 th most important cereal crops after wheat, maize and rice. One of the most salt tolerant crops and highly adaptable to varied growing conditions. Highly tolerant crops:

5. Experiment Experiment conducted using genotype of barely in two research sites. Without stress soil salinity is 3dS/m and with stress soil salinity is 14dS/m. Most barely genotype were determind by the stress indices and result in their higher yeild productivity showing results that brely is a highly salt tolerant crop. Barely

6. Annual, edible flowering plant of family Amaranthaceae . Experiment Experiment consist of 4 different salinity land 0, 4, 7, 9 dS /m Irrigation water salinity up to 9dSm did not cause any yield loss in spinach, indicating that this cultivars is more salt tolerant and produce better yield in high salinity. Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea )

7. Tomatoes ( Solonum lycopersicum ) Specie originated in western south America. Tomato is the moderately tolerant . Can be grow in coastal area s. Because they are often grown where irrigation water is poor, there has been a great deal of research into increasing their salt tolerance. They can tolerant moderately salinity level but in high salinity level they can’t produce better yield. Moderately tolerant crops:

8. A root vegetable usually orange in color Native to Europe and southwestern Asia. Tolerent to moderate salt concentration. According to international standard these carrots should be dead at a salinity level of 12dS/m. because level of salinity is high. Carrot ( Daucus carrota )

9. High salt stress disrupts homeostresis in water potential and ion distribution May provoke osmotic stress, oxidative stress and protein de- naturation in plant Which leads to adaptive responses such as accumulation of compatible solutes, induction of stress proteins and acceleration of reactive oxygen species scavenging system Effect of salinity and adaptive plant responses:

10. Production of compatible organic solutes To achieve salt tolerance three aspects of plants activites are important Damage must be prevented Homeostatic conditions must be re established in new stress full environment Grow must resume, although at a reduce rate Understanding plant salt tolerance:

11. Two ways to improve Improvement of salt tolerance

12. Plant hormones, minerals, amino acids, polyamines and vitamins. Phytoharmones shuc as indol acetic acid, geberlic acid and kinetin are involved in regulation of plant response to salinity stress. Exogenously apply GA3 and indol acetic acid reduce the salt stress by activation of specfic enzyme which participate in protein synthesis Cytokinin can increase salt tolerance in wheat plant by intractive with other plant harmone , especially auxin and ABA. 1. Chemical treatment

13. Asymbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria, symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria The amount of N input lower than the removal during agriculture practice Asymboitic nitrogen fixing bacteria the genus Azospirillum play a significant role in soil fertility. Isolate from the rizospher cotton, sorgam and wheat. Rhizobium ligum symbosis in arid ecosystem are important to increase plant productivity in saline soil 2. Bio-fertilizer treatment

14. Molecular genetic and functional genomic provides new opportunity to synthesis molecular and physoligical knowledge to improve salt tolerance.

15. Thank you