Salts

The presentation describes on types of salts which is soluble salts and insoluble salts. Methods of preparing the two types of salts was illustrated clearly. The definition of salts is also explained explicitly using a simple chemical formulae.

1. salts Xylene AR

2. 1) Meaning of salts 2) Solubility of salts 3) Preparation of salts Xylene AR

3. The meaning of salts Salts is a compound produced when the hydrogen ion, H + , from an acid is replaced by a metal ion or an ammonium ion, NH 4 + Salts = ionic compound

4. HOW HYDROGEN ION IS REPLACED? Koh K + Oh - H + c l - K + c l - Oh - H 2 O H + HC l KC l +  + H +

5. HOW HYDROGEN ION IS REPLACED?? NH 4 oh NH 4 + Oh - H + NO 3 - Oh - H 2 O H + HNO 3 NH 4 NO 3 +  + NH 4 + NO 3 - H +

6. HOW HYDROGEN ION IS REPLACED?? N a oh N a + Oh - H + SO 4 2- Oh - H 2 O H + H 2 SO 4 N a 2 SO 4 +  + SO 4 2- 2 N a + 2 N a – 1 OH – 1 H – 2 SO 4 – 1 N a – 2 SO 4 – 1 H – 2 OH– 1

7. HOW HYDROGEN ION IS REPLACED? N a oh N a + Oh - H + SO 4 2- Oh - H 2 O H + H 2 SO 4 N a 2 SO 4 +  + SO 4 2- 2 2 2 2 2 2 H + N a + 2 2 2

8. SOLUBILITY OF SALTS Type of salts Soluble Insoluble Nitrate All nitrate salts None Sulphate All sulphate salts PbSO 4 , CaSO 4 , BaSO 4 Chloride All chloride salts PbCl 2 , AgCl, HgCl 2 Carbonate Na 2 CO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 All carbonate salts

9. Neutralisation Preparation of salts SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE Sodium salts Ammonium salts Potassium salts Acid + Alkali  Salt + Water Other type of salts Acid + m etal  salt + H 2 Acid + metal o xide  Salt + water Acid + metal c arbonate  Salt + water + CO 2 Double Decomposition ACID + COM Solution 1 + Solution 2  Precipitation (insoluble salt) + Solution 3

10. Preparation of salts Soluble salts Sodium salts Ammonium salts Potassium salts Acid + Alkali  Salt + Water Neutralisation HNO 3 + KOH  KNO 3 + H 2 O HNO 3 + NaOH  NaNO 3 + H 2 O HNO 3 + NH 4 OH  NH 4 NO 3 + H 2 O Substitute HNO 3 with HCl and H 2 SO 4 Acid Burette Alkali Retort stand Conical flask

11. Preparation of salts Soluble salts Other type of salts Acid + metal  salt + H 2 Acid + metal oxide  salt + water Acid + metal carbonate  Salt + water + CO 2 HCl + MgCO 3  MgCl 2 + H 2 O + CO 2 HCl + Mg  MgCl 2 + H 2 HCl + MgO  MgCl 2 + H 2 O Heat

12. Preparation of salts Insoluble salt Double decomposition Solution 1 + Solution 2  Precipitation (insoluble salt) + Solution 3 Salts can be prepared by double decomposition method: PbSO 4 4) PbCl 2 7) other carbonate salts CaSO 4 5) AgCl BaSO 4 6) HgCl PbI 2 + K 2 SO 4  PbSO 4 + 2KI PbI 2 K 2 SO 4 PbSO 4 KI

13. Preparation of salts Soluble salts Insoluble salts Salt of Na, K and NH 4 Other salts Titration Heat the solution until become saturated/ become 1/3 of initial volume Cool the saturated solution to form the crystal Filter the salt crystal Rinse the salt crystal Dry the salt crystal between the filter paper Heat the acid + pour excess of metal carbonate / metal oxide/ metal Filter the excess metal carbonate/ metal oxide/ metal Pour two solutions into a beaker Salt solution is prepared Salt solution is prepared