Samkhya philosophy

Indian Philosophy

1. Samkhaya Philosophy Sage Kapil

2. Introduction Oldest school of Hindu philosophy First attempt to harmonize the Vedic philosophy through reason First systemic account of process of cosmic evolution Not purely metaphysical but logical account based on principle of conservation, transformation and dissipation of energy

3. Sankhya - meaning Sankhya means number – Sankhya enumerates the principle of cosmic evolution by rational analysis It teaches the discriminative knowledge which enables to distinguish between sprit and matter

4. Founder of Sankhya 1000 BC Kapil son of Kardama and Devdhuti Kardama was a Rishi Kapil learned philosophy from mother Cave temple of Anuradhkapur in Sri Lanka Sagara an island on the bank of Ganga 90 miles form Calcutta spend later life and meditated Last day of last month Hindu Magh there is Mela

5. Purpose – Gyan Yoga Provide knowledge which remove the cause of misery and release of soul Misery is Adhyatmika – intrinsic cause disorder of body and mind Adhibhutika – Extrinsic cause, men, beast, birds, or inanimate objects Adhidevika – Supernatural cause , atmosphere or planets

6. Cause of Misery Soul is free from suffering Body is the seat of suffering Soul suffer due to intimate association of soul and body Bondage is illusion due to lack of true nature of soul – Ignorance Knowledge of true nature of soul removes bondage and suffering

7. Evolution of Sankhya

8. Epistemology of Sankhya

9. Nature of Duality

10. Sankhya and Western Dualism

11. Theory of Existence

12. Evolution and Dissolution

13. Sankhya Metaphysics (Ontology)

14. Sankhya Evolution (Cosmology)

15. Shankya Dissolution

16. Pusush (Cosmic spirit)

17. Prakrati (cosmic substance)

18. Mahatattva – cosmic intelligence This is the purest It is very first of the evolutes of Prakriti . It is individuation, but yet, without characteristics. Buddhi applies to the individual person, Mahat refers to the universal aspect of this process.

19. Gunas - Properties

20. Ahamkara - Ego Sat Rajas Tamas

21. Evolution of Mind Rajsic

22. Manas – cosmic mind The driving force actions speech thinking process Recipient of the sensory input

23. Five Sense Orgns

24. Five Action Organs

25. Mhabhutes – C osmic substance

26. Five Elements

27. Sankhya Categories ( Tatwa ) avyakta ( unmanifest ) (1) Purusha  ( 2) Prakriti ( Mulaprakriti )   vyakta (manifest )   ( 3) Buddhi [Intellect]       taijasa or rajas mode of Ahamkara ( 4) Ahamkara [ Ego or "I"- ness ] vaikriti or sattwa mode of Ahamkara bhutadi or tamas mode of Ahamkara Manas (5) Buddhindriyas Sense-powers (6-10) Karmendriyas Action-powers (11-15) Tanmatras Subtle Matter (16-20) Bhutas Gross Elements  visible tattwas (21-25) Mind or Psyche hearing speaking sound space touching grasping touch air seeing walking form fire tasting excreting taste water smelling generating   smell earth

28. Concept of God

29. The End