sandeepnallaraweppt-200809162111.pptxmush

Mushrooms

1. RURAL AGRICULTURE WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAMME 2019- 2020 GUIDED BY BASANT KUMAR SIR & RITANJALI MADAM PREPARED BY NALLA SANDEEP Regd.No. 13304/2016 VILLAGE : G.RENGALPADU, KOLNARA, RAYAGADA DISTRICT, ODISHA

2. INTRODUCTION Agriculture in India is a major economic sector and it is the backbone of Indian economy. It creates plenty of employment opportunities as well . About 65% of Indian population depend directly on agriculture and it accounts around 15% of crop The RAWE is conducted in the 7 th semester of 4 th year. The main aim of the program is to acquaint the students with the villagers and the farming situation so that they can have practical knowledge about agriculture.

3. RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAM Agricultural education is an important tool and technique in ensuring gradual increase in agricultural productivity and sustainability in productivity, environment and ecological security, profitability, technical feasibility, job security and equity in distribution. What is RAWE ? Agricultural education is a dynamic one, which is undergoing changes in a very rapid manner to meet the needs of the society. Under this situation, R ural A gricultural W ork E xperience Program is an important competence and confidence building program activity under many SAU’s. In India Randhawa Committee (1992) recommended RAWE Program for imparting quality, practical and productive oriented education for the agriculture degree program

4. OBJECTIVES OF RAWE PROGRAM : TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITY FOR PRACTICAL TRAINING TO DEVELOP COMMUNICATION SKILL WITH FARMER TO MAKE THE FARMER FAMILIAR WITH THE SOCIO- ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE VILLAGE TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE ON THE OPENIONS AND ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY BEING USED BY THE FARMERS TO DEVELOP CONFIDENCE AND COMPELENCE IN STUDENTS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS RELATED TO AGRICULTURE TO MAKE STUDENTS UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF MEN AND WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS

5. ACTIVITIES IN RAWE PROGRAM : GENERAL ORIENTATION & ON CAMPUS TRAINING BY DIFFERENT FACULTIES VILLAGE ATATCHMENT UNIT ATATCHMENT IN UNIVERSITY / KVK / RESEARCH STATION PLANT CLINIC AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ATTATCHMENT PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION, PRESENTATION AND EXPLINATION

6. GENERAL ORIENTATION AND ON CAMPUS TRAINING We had an on campus training on Jan 29 2020 in which we visited the different departments of the campus to get an overview of the subjects and learn the basics from the faculty of different engineering branches such as Civil branch Mechanical branch Electrical branch Computer science branch

7. GENERAL ORIENTATION & VILLAGE ATTATCHMENT THE WHOLE CLASS OF 21 MEMBERS WAS ATTATCHED TO 2 VILLAGES NAMELY G.RENGALPADU & GHODABADI G. RENGALPADU I WAS UNDER THE VILLAGE G.RENGALPADU , AND WAS ASSIGNED TO MR. SURYANNA NIALIBHANSO AS MY HOST FARMER.

8. Name of the student : N.SANDEEP Name of the farmer : SURYANNA NIALIBHANSO Family : Matangi.N (Mother) Mukta.N (Wife) Narayana.N ( Brother) Land area : 3.5 acres Crops : Paddy, Ragi, Corn, Sweet corn, Brinjal, Okra, Chilli, Onion, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Potato, Sunflower Cost of cultivation : Rs.46,400 (till date) HOST FARMER DATA

9. WELCOME TO G. RENGALPADU

10. RENGALPADU AERIAL VIEW OF STREETS RENGALPADU AERIAL VIEW OF VILLAGE

11. About the village : The village G. Regalpadu is a 4 km drive from Kolnara of Rayagada. It is a descent village with nearly 150 houses and a population of 610 persons. The village is mostly occupied with green fields and a good amount of resources which make it easy for farming. The village is also provided with solar irrigation facility by the SPARSH NGO of JK paper mill. The village also has a farmers club (Jagannath farmers’ club) and an SHG (Maa Santoshi SHG). The village is consistently self sufficient with a good amount of resources and good farming opportunities.

12. PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL [PRA] Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is an important component in the extension education part of the RAWE programme. It is the activity of finding out the information about problems, needs & potential in a village. It promotes the aggressive participation of the students and interaction with host farmers in the collection of essential data quickly and systematically with the help of PRA tools such as: Direct observation Do it Yourself activities Participatory mapping & modelling Social Map Resource Map Hydrology Map Enterprise Map Timelines Venn diagrams Transect Walks Daily activity profiles Semi structured Interviews Timelines Etc....

13. DIRECT O B SE R V A T IO N Direct Observation of the farming practices is the most effective and best way of learning and knowing the current condition of the village, farm and the farmer

14. DO IT YOURSELF ACTIVITIES

15. VILLAGE MAP (05 FEB 2020) Village map is drawn so as to get an overview of the whole village at a glance. All the entities like houses, shops, roads , resources, water bodies, fields, temples and constructions etc... are shown in a single map.

16. SOCIAL MAP (05 FEB 2020) It shows the habitat patterns, nature of housing, social infrastructure, roads, schools etc... It visualises the location of households and other social facilities in the village

17. RESOURCE MAP ( 06 FEB 2020 ) Resource map shows all the available natural resources in the locality that make the farming operations convenient for the farmers. The resource map gives an idea about the community and the resource base

18. HYDROLOGY MAP (08 FEB 2020) A hydrology map shows the available water resources like wells, ponds, reservoirs or dams, streams etc.... and their network of channels to the village, their distribution and purpose (usage).

19. CROP MAP (13 FEB 2020) Crop map is an illustration of the crops grown in the locality their distribution location and diversity

20. MOBILITY MAP (14 FEB 2020) A mobility map shows the distance and direction of different essential services like gram panchayat, police station, PHC, hospital, railway station etc... from the locality

21. ENTERPRISE MAP (15 FEB 2020) An enterprise map shows all the available forms of income (enterprises) like shops, farm outlets, poultry, dairy, mushroom unit etc... which contribute to the income of the seller (farmer) and the village economy.

22. 1890 Construction of pond 1940 Establishment of shop 1958 First cycle, Radio 1872 Establishment of village and rice cultivation 1920 Temple construction 1952 Construction of dam 1970 Use of fertilisers, 1 st bore well 1987 Auto 2000 TV and cable network 1966 Construction of pucca house 1985 Electricity 1990 1 st Tractor and tubewell TIMELINE OF EVENTS

23. 2003 Mid day meal and rotavator were first introduced 2010 Concrete road and mobile phone 2002 Anganbadi and landline 2005 Govt. School, motorbike, fridge were introduced 2015 Maa santoshi SHG started 2018 Solar irrigation started 2017 Construction of jagannath community hall 2019 Establishment of Mushroom unit 2016 Farmers club started, Thresher was introduced

24. MACHINERIES & IMPLEMENTS USED IN THE VILLAGE

25. THESE ARE SOME OF THE MOSTLY USED MACHINERIES & TOOLS IN THE VILLAGE FROM TIMES OLD TO THESE MODERN DAYS

26. FARMERS CLUB PROGRAMS FARMERS CLUBS ARE A TYPE OF INFORMAL GROUPS GENERALLY ORGANISED BY RURAL BANKS UNDER THE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE OF NABARD SOME NGO’S, KVK’S, SAU’S ARE ALSO NOW INVOLVED IN FORMATION OF FARMER CLUBS. SRI JAGANNATH FARMERS CLUB IN RENGALPADU IS ORGANISED BY THE SPARSH NGO ( AN INITIATIVE BY THE J.K PAPER MILL). FARMERS CLUB MEETING ORGANISED BY THE SPARSH NGO OF JK PAPER MILL UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF NABARD ODISHA DDM MR. A.CHANDRASEKHAR

27. SOIL SAMPLE COLLECTION Collection of soil samples is done in the diferent fields of the farmer for soil testing. I collected 3 different samples from 3 different fields of the host farmer.

28. OPERATION OF POWER TOOLS & IMPLEMENTS

29. Mushroom cultivation unit is established in the village with the help of SPARSH NGO of J.K. Paper mill in January 2020. The NGO provides training to the women in the MAA SANTOSHI Self Help Group of Rengalpadu providing opportunity for additional income to the family and skill development.

30. AGRONOMY

31. AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 1.5 ACRES AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 1.5 ACRES (SOLAR PUMP) SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM SOIL pH 5.9 OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT PLOUGHING, WEEDING, APPLICATION OF FYM, NURSERY PREPARATION, IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER APPLICATION, SETT PREPARATION, TRANSPLANTING, APPLICATION OF PLANT PROTECTION CHEMICALS, HARVESTING CROP : PADDY

32. DISEASES BLAST DISEASE Pyricularia grisea ( P.oryzae ) MANAGEMENT FOLLOWED : Spraying of Carbendazim 50WP @ 500g/ha BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae MANAGEMENT FOLLOWED : NONE

33. Rice skipper Pelopidas mathias Management: spraying of chlorpyriphos 20 EC 1250 ml/ha Grasshopper Hieroglyphus banian INSECT PESTS

34. AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 1 ACRE AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 1 ACRE (SOLAR PUMP) SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM SOIL pH 5.9 OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT PLOUGHING, WEEDING, APPLICATION OF FYM, EARTHENING UP, IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER APPLICATION, APPLICATION OF PLANT PROTECTION CHEMICALS, HARVESTING CROP : MAIZE

35. NORTHERN LEAF BLIGHT Exserohilum turcicum SOUTHERN LEAF BLIGHT Bipolaris maydis MANAGEMENT: Spraying of Mancozeb 2 g/liter at 10 days interval after first appearance of the disease DISEASES

36. Aphid or Plant lice Rhopalosiphum maidis MANAGEMENT: spraying of Carbaryl 50 WP 1 kg/ha on the 20th day of sowing (500 l of spray fluid/ha) for aphids. INSECT PESTS

37. CROP : RAGI AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 0.4 ACRE AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 0.4 ACRE (SOLAR PUMP) SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM SOIL pH 5.9 OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT PLOUGHING, WEEDING, APPLICATION OF FYM, IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER APPLICATION, APPLICATION OF PLANT PROTECTION CHEMICALS, HARVESTING

38. DISEASES NO SIGNIFICANT DISEASES WERE FOUND IN RAGI CROP

39. INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT: Spraying of malathion and carbaryl 0.1 % for earhead bug & Spraying of carabaryl 50 WP 400 g for grasshoppers. Earhead bug Euproctis subnotata Grass hopper Chrotogonus trachypterus

40. AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 0.2 ACRE AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 0.2 ACRE (SOLAR PUMP) SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM SOIL pH 5.9 OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT PLOUGHING, WEEDING, APPLICATION OF FYM, IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER APPLICATION, APPLICATION OF PLANT PROTECTION CHEMICALS, HARVESTING CROP : SUNFLOWER

41. DISEASES Alternaria blight Alternaria helianthi MANAGEMENT: Foliar spray with 0.3 per cent Mancozeb four times at an interval of 10 days for alternaria blight Spraying Mancozeb 1000 g/ha for rust Rust Puccinia helianthi

42. INSECT PESTS NO SIGNIFICANT PESTS WERE IDENTIFIED

43. AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 0.2ACRE AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 0.2 ACRE (SOLAR PUMP) SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM SOIL pH 5.9 OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT PLOUGHING, WEEDING, APPLICATION OF FYM, IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER APPLICATION, APPLICATION OF PLANT PROTECTION CHEMICALS, HARVESTING CROP : T O M A T O

44. DISEASES Fusarium Wilt Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici MANAGEMENT: Spot drenchingwith Carbendazim (0.1%) for fusarium wilt Spraying the crop with Mancozeb 0.2 % for early blight Early Blight Alternaria solani

45. INSECT PESTS Striped mealybug Ferrisia virgata MANAGEMENT: Spraying of imidacloprid 80.5 SC 0.6 ml/lit for mealy bugs Spraying of methyl demeton 25 EC @1lit/ha or dimethoate 30 EC @1lit/ha for thrips Thrips Thrips tabaci

46. AREA UNDER CULTIVATION 0.2 ACRE AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 0.2 ACRE (SOLAR PUMP) SOIL TYPE SANDY LOAM SOIL pH 5.9 OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT PLOUGHING, WEEDING, APPLICATION OF FYM, IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER APPLICATION, APPLICATION OF PLANT PROTECTION CHEMICALS, HARVESTING CROP : ONION

47. Purple blotch Alternaria porri MANAGEMENT: foliar sprayings with Copper oxychloride 0.25 % or Chlorothalonil 0.2 % or Zineb 0.2 % or Mancozeb 0.2 %. DISEASES

48. INSECT PESTS Thrips Thrips tabaci MANAGEMENT: Spraying of methyl demeton 25 EC @1lit/ha or dimethoate 30 EC @1lit/ha for thrips

49. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS A SINGLE HOST FARMER ANALYSIS

50. ASSETS AND LIABILITIES LAND LAND TYPE AREA IRRIGATION SOIL TYPE PRESENT VALUE AGRICULTURAL LAND 3.5 ACRES SOLAR PUMP SANDY LOAM 8 LAKHS/ ACRE BUILDING CATEGORY CONSTRUCTION YEAR SIZE PRESENT VALUE RESIDENCE PUCCA 2010 150 sq ft 9 lakhs CATTLE SHELTER RAKE SHED 2018 60 sq ft 75,000 LIVESTOCK STATUS CATEGORY BREED YEAR NO. OF ANIMALS PRESENT VALUE BUFFALO LOCAL 2015 2 3.5 LAKHS SHEEP LOCAL 2019 2 20,000

51. IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY CATEGORY ITEM NUMBER YEAR PRESENT VALUE IMPLEMENT IRON PLOUGH 1 2014 1500 EQUIPMENT SPRAYER 1 2018 1800 HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES ITEM NUMBER YEAR PRESENT VALUE MOTORCYCLE 1 2016 45000 TV 1 2014 12000 REFRIGERATOR 1 2016 8000 ANNUAL GROSS INCOME SOURCE AMOUNT CROPS 5 LAKHS LIVESTOCK 50000

52. BORROWINGS SOURCE AMOUNT YEAR OUTSTANDING AMOUNT BANKS NONE _ _ PRIVATE LENDERS NONE _ _ MARKETING CHANNELS MARKETING CHANNEL PRODUCE SOLD QUANTITY SOLD VILLAGE TRADERS VEGETABLES 15 QUINTALS WHOLESALERS CEREALS ( RICE AND RAGI) 3.5 TONNES SELF VEGETABLES 10 QUINTALS

53. ATTRIBUTE VALUE YIELD 30 Quintals grain and 65 Quintal straw / 2 acres COST PER QUINTAL Rs. 1500 for grain, Rs. 500 for straw TOTAL VALUE 45,000 (grain) + 32,500 (straw) = Rs. 77,500 NET PROFIT Gross income – Cost of cultivation 77,500 – 35,530 = 41,970 B:C RATIO 41,970 ÷ 35,530 = 1.18 B:C RATIO OF FARMER FOR EACH CULTIVATED CROP RICE

54. TOMATO MAIZE ATTRIBUTE VALUE YIELD 15 Quintals / acre COST PER QUINTAL Rs. 1700 TOTAL VALUE 15 × 1700 = Rs. 25,500 NET PROFIT Gross income – Cost of cultivation 25,500 – 8,700 = 16,800 B:C RATIO 16,800 ÷ 8700 = 1.93 ATTRIBUTE VALUE YIELD 120 Quintals / 0.5 acre COST PER QUINTAL Rs. 510 TOTAL VALUE 120 × 510 = 61,200 NET PROFIT Gross income – Cost of cultivation 61,200 – 25,300 = 35,900 B:C RATIO 35,900 ÷ 25,300 = 1.42

55. RURAL ECONOMICS BLOCK : KOLNARA DISTRICT : RAYAGADA MLA : MAKARANDA MUTILI AAO : RAJENDRA SAHU RENGALPADU

56. TRANSPORT, EDUCATION AND HEALTH SERVICES BUS STAND RAILWAY STATION POST OFFICE PRIMARY SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE AREA HOSPITAL ANGANBADI COLLECTRATE KOLNARA (4KM) RAYAGADA ( 7 KM) KOLNARA (4KM) RENGALPADU KOLNARA (4KM) KOLNARA (4KM) KOLNARA (4KM) RAYAGADA (8KM) RENGALPADU RAYAGADA (7KM)0

57. OCCUPATION NO. OF FAMILIES AGRICULTURISTS 112 LANDLESS FARMERS 8 VILLAGE ARTISANS 6 INDUSTRY OR FACTORY WORKERS 48 SELF EMPLOYED (BUSINESS) 6 PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES OTHER GOVT SECTOR EMPLOYEES CLASSIFICATION OF FAMILIES TOTAL FAMILIES : 150 POPULATION: 610 FEMALE: 333 MALE: 277

58. TYPE AVAILABLE WITHIN VILLAGE NEAREST VILLAGE AVAILABILITY WEEKLY HAAT NO KOLNARA REGULATED MARKET NO JK PUR DAILY NEEDS YES KOLNARA FAIR PRICE (RATION) SHOP NO KOLNARA VEGETABLE AND FRUIT STALLS NO JK PUR MARKETING FACILITIES JK PUR IS THE MARKET WHERE THE FARM PRODUCES ARE MOSTLY SOLD

59. LIVESTOCK POPULATION TYPE OF LIVESTOCK NUMBER BULLOCKS 24 BUFFALOES 30 COWS 8 SHEEPS / GOATS 85 POULTRY (NON COMMERCIAL) 120 AGRO- BASED INDUSTRIES IN OR NEAR THE VILLAGE INDUSTRY IN THE VILLAGE NEARBY VILLAGE RICEMILL NONE MALLIGAM (4) FLOOR MILL NONE KOLNARA (1) OIL MILL NONE RAYAGADA (2) CASHEW FACTORY NONE KASILI (1)

60. NO.OF HOUSES 150 ELECTRIFIED 150 PUCCA HOUSES 89 KACCHA HOUSES 61 HOSES WITH LATRINE FACILITY 85 VILLAGE STATISTICS MACHINERY / EQUIPMENT NUMBER TRACTORS 9 POWER TILLER 6 MOLDBOARD PLOUGH 4 THRESHER 4 SEED DRILL 1 SPRAYERS 116 FARM MACINERIES AVAILABLE IN VILLAGE

61. FARM VISIT TO A PROGRESSIVE FARM A VISIT TO PUARANABHATTA A VILLAGE NEAR K. SINGPUR

62. B.NAVEEN KUMAR AGE: 34 STUDIES: +2 VILLAGE: PURANABHATTA GP: KALYAN SINGPUR MOB.NO: 9668402419 Mail: [email protected] PIN: 765016 Dr. VT RAJU ( DEAN, MIPS) with Mr. B.NAVEEN (PROGRESSIVE FARMER) OUR HOST FARMER :

63. MORE ABOUT THE FARMER Along with farming activities the farmer is also involved in philanthropic activities: Established an educational trust [ ADARSH EDUCATIONAL TRUST]. Established a school [ vidya vikas public school] in an area of 70 cents which offers education up to Std- 2 with 8 staff and 100 students. The farmer is completely away to subsidies provided by the state or central govt. He feels that the schemes and subsidies are only feasible on paper but not practically as they need more work and time.

64. TOTAL AREA OF CULTIVATION: 22 ACRES NO. OF CROPS GROWING: 2 [ BANANA, WATERMELON ] AREA UNDER EACH CROP: BANANA {8 ACRES} WATERMELON {10ACRES} PREVIOUS CROP: CAULIFLOWER {10 ACRES} STRUCTURE OF FARM

65. BANANA VARIETY: GRAND NAINE AREA UNDER PRODUCTION: 8 ACRES COST OF CULTIVATION PLANTING MATERIAL: 15 Rs/ SEEDLING (1210 Plants/Acre) PLOUGHING AND INTERCULTIVATION: 20,000 Rs/Acre LABOUR COSTS: 10,000 Rs/Acre FERTILISER AND SPRAY COSTS: 20,000 Rs/Acre PROPING COSTS: 15,000 Rs/Acre HARVESTING CHARGES: 10,000 Rs/Acre TOTAL COST OF CULTIVATION: 80,000 Rs/Acre

66. YIELD PER ACRE: 22 TONNES SELLING PRICE PER TONNE: 15,000 Rs INCOME PER ACRE: 15,000×22 = 3,30,000 Rs NET INCOME PER ACRE: 3,30,000 – 80000 = 2,50,000 Rs B:C RATIO : 3.125 Total yield of the banana farm [ 8.5 acres ] Cost offered per tonne by the trader : 160 tonnes : Rs. 15,000 Total income of the banana orchard [8.5 acres] : Rs. 24,00,000

67. MARKETING CONTRACT MARKETING WITH BINAYAKA FRUITS, BHAVANIPATNA TOTAL YIELD OF THE BANANA FARM [ 8.5 ACRES ]: 160 TONNES COST OFFERED PER TONNE BY THE TRADER: Rs 15,000 TOTAL INCOME OF THE BANANA ORCHARD [8.5 ACRES]: Rs 24,00,000 CONSTRAINS IN MARKETING: NONE

68. W A TER M ELON VARIETIES: SUGAR QUEEN; AUGUSTA; POONAM; OJUKI AREA UNDER CULTIVATION: 9 ACRES SUGAR QUEEN: 1.8 ACRES AUGUSTA: 5.5 ACRES POONAM: 0.6 ACRES OJUKI: 1.2 ACRES

69. COST OF CULTIVATION SEED COST: 6000Rs /Acre PLOUGHING COSTS: 7000Rs/Acre MULCHING COST: 15,000Rs/Acre FERTIGATION COSTS: 6,000Rs/Acre PESTICIDES COST: 2,000Rs/Acre LABOUR COSTS: 1,000Rs/Acre HARVESTING COSTS: 3,000Rs/Acre TOTAL COST OF CULTIVATION: 40,000Rs/Acre

70. YIELD PER ACRE: 24 TONNES SELLING PRICE PER TONNE: 7,000Rs INCOME PER ACRE: 1,54,000 NET INCOME PER ACRE: 1,54,000 – 40,000 = 1,14,000Rs B:C RATIO: 2.85 Total yield of the farm [ 9 acres ] : 216 tonnes Average cost offered per tonn in the market : Rs 7,000 Total income of the farm [9 acres] : Rs 15,12,000

71. MARKETING SALE IN LOCAL AND DISTANT MARKETS [ RAYAGADA, VIZAG, RAIPUR.] TOTAL YIELD OF THE BANANA FARM [ 9 ACRES ]: 216 TONNES AVERAGE COST OFFERED PER TONNE IN THE MARKET : Rs 7,000 TOTAL INCOME OF THE BANANA ORCHARD [10 ACRES]: Rs 15,12,000 CONSTRAINS IN MARKETING: SALES IN LOCAL MARKET TO THE WHOLESALERS OWN TRANSPORTATION OF THE PRODUCE VERY EARLY PERISHABLE PRODUCE, SHOULD BE MARKETED BEFORE DAMAGE

72. CAULIFLOWER AREA UNDER PRODUCTION: 8 ACRES COST OF CULTIVATION SEEDLING COST: 10,000Rs/Acre PLOUGHING COST: 8,000Rs/Acre TRANSPLANTING COST: 2,000Rs/Acre WEEDING COSTS: 2,000Rs/Acre FERTILISER COSTS: 12,000Rs/Acre PESTICIDE COSTS: 6,000Rs/Acre HARVESTING COSTS: 5000Rs/Acre TOTAL COST OF CULTIVATION: 45,000 Rs/Acre

73. YIELD PER ACRE: 6 TONNES SELLING PRICE PER TONNE: 36,000Rs INCOME PER ACRE: 2,16,000Rs NET INCOME PER ACRE: 2,16,000 – 45,000 = 1,71,000Rs B:C RATIO: 3.8 Total yield of the farm [ 8 acres ] : 48 tonnes Average cost offered per tonne in the market : Rs 36,000 Total income of the farm [9 acres] : Rs 17,28,000

74. KVK VISIT (13 MARCH 2020) Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rayagada, OUAT agricultural farm At/PO Gunupur,Rayagada Dist, 765022 HOST ORGANISATION: VICE CHANCELLOR, OUAT, BHUBANESHWAR, 751003. HEAD OF THE ORGANISATION : MR. BINOD KUMAR JENA

75. KVK VISIT ON BEHALF OF THE RAWE PROGRAM WE VISITED THE KVK OF RAYAGADA LOCATED IN GUNUPUR ON 13 MARCH 202 4 . OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE OF KVK : SUB- DIVISIONS (2) C.D. BLOCKS (11) GRAM PANCHAYATS (171) VILLAGES (2667) FACILITY DETAILS : VERMICOMPOSTING FIELD FARMS FOR FIELD TRAILS POULTRY FARM POLY HOUSE PROTECTED STRUCTURES AZOLLA UNIT MUSHROOM CULTIVATION UNIT BEE KEEPING UNIT MEDICINAL PLANTS UNIT

76. VARIETIES UNDER FIELD TRAILS : ARKA SAMRAT CACTUS WITHOUT SPINES OTHER OBSERVATIONS : The KVK has started the apiculture unit recently. The KVK produces spawn for mushroom cultivation and also gives training on mushroom cultivation. The KVK has a soil testing and fertilizer grading unit in Rayagada which collects atleast 7000 samples per month from different areas under the KVK for testing. The KVK has recently organised an event named skill training for rural youth on mushroom cultivation for providing training to the rural youth on cultivation of mushroom.

77. FIELD TRAILS HONEYBEE REARING VERMICOMPOSTING WATER HARVESTING & AZOLLA CULTIVATION POULTRY UNIT DIFFERENT FACILITIES OF KVK

78. Farming is not an easy thing to do it is one of the most divine things any person can do. We can’t survive without food, it is one of the most important entity of living. Only a farmer has the potential to produce such entity which is why farming / agriculture is considered as the backbone of our country. I’m so glad that I can help the farmers with the knowledge I have and the knowledge I procured by observing and taking part in their work in the RAWE program. I would like to thank every farmer who is working relentlessly not for their own sake but for all other people out there.