Sarcopenia - physiotherapy, symptoms.pptx

Sarcopenia is a musculoskeletal disease in which muscle mass, strength, and performance are significantly compromised with age. Sarcopenia most commonly affects elderly and sedentary populations and patients who have comorbidities that affect the musculoskeletal system or impair physical activity.

1. Sarcopenia

2. what is sarcopenia? Sarcopenia is a Greek term meaning 'poverty of the flesh’. It is the progressive loss of muscle mass that often leads to diminished strength and decreased activity levels, which can then contribute to mobility issues, osteoporosis, falls and fractures. ( Santilli et al ., 2014)

3. Symptoms Decreased muscle mass Reduced strength Difficulty in physical tasks (e.g. walking, lifting objects) Increased fatigue Balance problems, leading to a higher risk of falls

4. Figure 1. Grip strength across the life course (Dennison, Sayer, and Cooper, 2017). Sarcopenia typically begins in middle age and accelerates with advancing age ( Cruz- Jentoft et al ., 2019).

5. How is sarcopenia diagnosed? Healthcare providers may diagnose sarcopenia after performing a physical exam and asking about symptoms. Patients may complete a questionnaire based on their self-reported symptoms called the SARC-F ( Avgerinou , 2020) .

6. Strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls questionnaire (Malmstrom and Morley, 2013)

7. Diagnosing sarcopenia typically involves a combination of the following methods: Physical Examination : Assessment of muscle strength, typically using handgrip strength tests. Imaging Techniques : MRI, CT scans, and DEXA scans to measure muscle mass. Functional Tests : Timed get-up-and-go test, walking speed, and chair stand test to assess physical performance.

8. Figure 2. Genetic factors causing sarcopenia (Aslam et al ., 2023). A sarcopenia diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of low muscle quantity or quality. When low muscle strength, low muscle quantity/quality and low physical performance are all detected, sarcopenia is considered severe (Cruz- Jentoft et al. , 2019).

9. Figure 3.  The multiple factors associated with sarcopenia (Supriya et al ., 2021).

10. Assessments of sarcopenia ( Guttikonda and Smith, 2021)

11. Summary Sarcopenia is a serious condition that affects many older adults, but with proper management through exercise, nutrition, and medical interventions, its progression can be slowed, and quality of life can be improved. Regular screening and proactive lifestyle changes are key to preventing and mitigating the effects of sarcopenia.

12. References Aslam, A.M., Ma, E.B. and Huh, J.Y. (2023) 'Pathophysiology of sarcopenia: genetic factors and their interplay with environmental factors', Metabolism , p.155711. Avgerinou , C. (2020) 'Sarcopenia: why it matters in general practice', British Journal of General Practice , 70(693), pp.200-201. Cruz- Jentoft , A.J., Bahat , G., Bauer, J., Boirie , Y., Bruyère, O., Cederholm, T., Cooper, C., Landi , F., Rolland, Y., Sayer, A.A. and Schneider, S.M. (2019) 'Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis', Age and Ageing , 48(1), pp.16-31. Dennison, E.M., Sayer, A.A. and Cooper, C. (2017) 'Epidemiology of sarcopenia and insight into possible therapeutic targets', Nat Rev Rheumatol , 13(6), pp.340-347. Guttikonda , D. and Smith, A.L. (2021) 'Sarcopenia Assessment Techniques', Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) , 18(4), pp.189-192. Malmstrom, T.K. and Morley, J.E. (2013) 'SARC-F: a simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia', Journal of the American Medical Directors Association , 14(8), pp.531-532. Santilli , V., Bernetti , A., Mangone , M. and Paoloni , M. (2014) 'Clinical definition of sarcopenia', Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism , 11(3), p.177. Supriya, R., Singh, K.P., Gao, Y., Li, F., Dutheil , F. and Baker, J.S. (2021) 'A Multifactorial Approach for Sarcopenia Assessment: A Literature Review', Biology , 10(12), p.1354.