SCA LECTURE CLASS 2021 JULY-1 BSMMU Orthodontics.pptx

Exam preparation for postgraduate Orthodontists

1. 1. Write the name of the examination . 1 2. Write the characteristics of the laser device? 4 3. What ate the advantages of this device ? 5 Nd : YAG laser is used in this examination Ans 1. Translumination test 2. λ = 1064 nm. Radiation is absorbed by the color and structure of the tissue. 3. Diagnosis, caries removal and prevention can be achieved at the same time.

2. 1. Write the name of technique used here (arrow). 2 2. Write the name of chemicals used along with it. 3 3. What are advantages and disadvantages of this technique. 2.5+2.5 Ans 1. Gingival retraction cord for the displacement of gingiva 2. Vasoconstrictor or an astringent, impregnated in woven cotton fiber cords or strings. 3. Effective in gingival displacement for tooth preparation and impression taking, it shrink the tissue rather than mechanical displacement (e.g. rubber dam) . Permanent damage can occur if excessive pressure is used or if left in place too long, the tissue are inflammed .

3. 1. Write the name of the type of x-ray seen in the photograph . 1 2. Write the procedure of taking this x-ray 4 3. Write the advantages and dis -advantages . 5

4. Ans 1. Bitewing x-ray Ans. 2. Prepare the patient. Seat the patient, in an upright position in the dental chair. Place the lead apron and thyroid collar on appropriately. Preparing the film/sensor. Bite tabs or a film/sensor-holding device (e.g. Rinn instrument), may be used to hold the film/sensor in the patient’s mouth. Bite tabs are available in folding types, stick-on types and manufacturer applied tabs. Positioning the film/sensor. Horizontal BWs: Place the film/bite tab combination into the patient’s mouth in a horizontal orientation (landscape view) Vertical BWs: Reorient the film/bite tab combination so that the long side of the film is positioned in an up/down orientation (portrait view).

5. q. What are the Disadvantages Ans : Incorrectly setting the time of exposure, early release of the activating button or incorrectly adjusting any other technique factor settings, produces a less than ideal image on the BW. Incorrect settings may produce a film that has improper density (too light or dark) or poor contrast (too much or too little) making the interpretation of the image on the film difficult. Q. What are the Advantages : Bitewing X - rays  show details of the upper and lower  teeth  in one area of the mouth. Each  bitewing  shows a  tooth  from its crown (the exposed surface) to the level of the supporting bone.  Bitewing X - rays  detect decay between  teeth  and changes in the thickness of bone caused by gum disease.

6. A 25 year old healthy male presents with complain of gum recession adjacent to lower anterior teeth. This has developed during the previous 3 months and she is very worried that the teeth might have to be extracted. The teeth are free of symptoms . Q. 1. How you would assess the problem clinically? Q. 2. How would you advice the patient? Q.3. Discuss your management of the case.

7. Gingival recession 1. Assessment of Clinical feature such as apical migration, wear cavities on the root surface, tooth brush abrasion. Clinical test such as width of attachment gingiva is reduced or eliminated, the site of recession in the mouth (localized/ generalized), assessment of traumatic brusshing or ask the patient about his/her brushing habit, check the traumatic incisor relationship. Pulp test: hot/ cold/electric Radiology for tooth tissue loss/ bone loss 2. Maintain oral hygiene, use of soft brush, avoid vigorous brushing, taking care and take time during brushing. 3. Record the magnitude of recession, elimination of etiological factor, use desensitizing agent, gingival veneer to cover expose roots, Mucogingival surgery.

8. Answer 1: Clinical features seen: Pocket formation, Bleeding, Swollen gum Gingival recession Answer 2: Pocket depth measurement by perio probe, Radiography for bone resorption & furcation lesions. Answer 3: Oral hygiene instruction, Scaling root planning to remove subgingival plaque, calculus and necrotic tissue & medication. Re-evaluation to assess the response to treatment and reinforce oral hyegine instruction. The clinical appearance of a chronic Periodontitis . 1. What clinical features are seen in this photograph? (2) 2. What investigation would you perform for this case? (4) 3. How would you manage the case? (4)

9. A 35-year old female patient attends complaining of gradual discoloration of an upper right central incisor tooth over the last 2 years. It is symptom free but she is unhappy about its appearance and wishes this to be improved. Q. 1. What questions would you ask in relation to the history? 2. What investigations would you carry out. 3. What treatment option exist? Ans 1. we can ask for the history of trauma; its nature, severity, timing Incidence and timing of previous symptom such as sensitivity, pain, gingival swelling/ discharge, mobility. history of previous treatment such as restoration, endodontic treatment 2. Clinical: Assessment of degree and nature of discoloration by examination with good light (including comparison with shade guide if necessary), quality of exsiting restorations, periodontal status, mobility, presence of gingival sulcus Pulp vitality test; electric, hot (heated gutta-percha), cold (ice, ethyl chloride) Radiographics ; to identify the morphology of the root canal system and the presence of any apical paathology 3. Treatment option; bleaching, intraoral/ extraoral veneer or a crown, extraction

10. 1. Write the name of pins showed in the figures as A, B, & C 2 2. Considering the depth of pin hole into the cavity, which pin is popular in dental use and why? 3 3. What are the common factors of failure of pin retention? 3 Ans 1. (A) cemented, (B) friction lock, (C) self threading 2. Self threading is popular because equal strength can be achieved with minimum invention in to the dentin 3. Cracks due to excessive force, corrosion (due to they are made of stainless steel, titanum or gold alloy, microleakage , pulpal damage due to heat generation or pulpal perforation.

11. 1. Write the composition . 3 2. Write its indication. 3 3. Write the mechanism of action in hard tissue formation. 4   Ans 1. Calcium hydroxide cements  are used for lining specific areas of deep cavities or for direct  pulp capping . ... The ingredients responsible for setting are  calcium hydroxide  and a salicylate , which react to form an amorphous  calcium   disalicylate . Fillers such as  calcium   tungstate or barium sulfate provide radiopacity . 2. Calcium hydroxide cements  are used for lining specific areas of deep cavities or for direct  pulp capping . The antibacterial action of  calcium hydroxide  makes these  cements  useful in indirect  pulp - capping  procedures involving carious dentin. 3. Formation of necrotic zone around the material and dentin bridge is form between the necrotic layer and underlying vital pulp. Calcification start soon after the predentin development in 2 weeks and osteodentin like tissue is form in 1-3 months at the coronal part and predentin lined with odontoblast are seen.  

12. Station: 4 1. Write the structures showed in H & T. 2 2. Write the mechanism of formation of these structures. 4 3. What are the benefits of these structures in operative dentistry? 4

13. Write the name of structure seen in the arrow. (2) How they develop? (3) Write their function in micromechanical adhesion (3) A B