Scale and scale factor

Looking at models and scale

1. Understanding Size Models and Scale

2. Enlargement scale factor Reduction Scale Proportions Scale Diagram/Model Vocabulary

3. Model Representation of something else Usually too big or too small to analyze easily

4. Enlargement To make something bigger so that one can analyze/observe the details.

5. Reduction To make an object small so that one can observe/analyze the details.

6. In math, scale shows the relationship between two things as well. With maps, it is usually between a distance measured on the map and the actual distance on the ground.

7. I Can Solve Problems Using Scale Drawings! We know about scales at the supermarket. They measure weight. They show the relationship between how much you are buying and how much you have to pay.

8. I Can Solve Problems Using Scale Drawings! We also know about the scales we stand on. They measure our weight. They help to show the relationship between our health and Grandma’s potato salad last week!

9. A scale drawing represents something that is too large or too small to be drawn at its actual size. Maps and blueprints are examples of scale drawings.

10. All scale drawings must have a scale written on them. Scales are usually expressed as ratios. Normally for maps and buildings the ratio: Drawing length: Actual length For maps the ratio is normally in the ratio: Map distance: Actual Distance Example: 1cm : 100cm The ratio 1cm:100cm means that for every 1cm on the scale drawing the length will be 100cm in real life Example: 1:10000 The ratio 1:10000 means that the real distance is 10000 times the length of one unit on the map or drawing. Understanding Scales

11. scale factor

12. Scale factor is the ratio of change The number you multiply by to relate the first shape to the second is the scale factor.

13. Scale factor = new measurement old measurement Scale factor more than 1 => shape gets bigger (Enlargement) Scale factor less than 1 => shape gets smaller (Reduction) Congruent shapes are similar shapes with SF = 1 Old measurement x SF = new measurement SF new old Scale Factor

14. The scale can be written as a scale factor, which is the ratio of the length or size of the drawing or model to the length of the corresponding side or part on the actual object. Scale Factor needs to be the SAME UNITS!

15. This HO gauge model train is a scale model of a historic train. A scale model is a proportional model of a three-dimensional object. Its dimensions are related to the dimensions of the actual object by a ratio called the scale factor . The scale factor of an HO gauge model train is . 1 87 This means that each dimension of the model is of the corresponding dimension of the actual train. 1 87

16. A scale is the ratio between two sets of measurements. Scales can use the same units or different units. The photograph shows a scale drawing of the model train. A scale drawing is a proportional drawing of an object. Both scale drawings and scale models can be smaller or larger than the objects they represent.

17. If you have ever seen Jurassic Park, you saw how big the dinosaurs were compared to the people. Pretend that they made a large Human to watch over the animals. What would be the scale factor if a 64 inch person was made to be 160 feet?

18. The scale factor tells you how many times bigger than “normal” that person really is. You must make all units of measure the same…. 64 inches 160 feet 64 inches 160 x 12 64 inches 1920 inches = =

19. Now take the: 64 inches 1920 inches And simplify 1/30 inches This means that the person was created 30 times his normal size.

20.   Scale Factor

21. Keep like units in the same fraction. Inches = yards Inches yards Setting up Proportions

22. There is more than one way to set up a proportion correctly! Cross Multiply! Use common sense! Remember…

23. Tom is drawing a blueprint for a rectangular shed he wants to build. The scale factor is 1 ft. to ¼ inch. If the dimensions of the blueprint are 1 ¼ in. by 2 inches, what are the actual dimensions of the shed going to be? Write a Proportion Using Scale Factor

24. ¾ inch to 1 foot If the length in inches is 2 ¼ inch, what would the actual length be in feet ? Write a Proportion Using a Scale Factor

25. Scale Drawings

26. Scale Drawings On Maps Footprints of houses Vehicle design What are scale drawings? Scale drawings are everywhere! Can you think of any more?

27. Scale 1 cm = 1 m 6cm Length of units = 6 m 5 Scale in everyday life: kitchen design

28. Scale 1 : 1 000 000 Scale in everyday life: maps

29. The blueprint of the pool shows each square has a side length of ¼ inch. If the scale is written as ¼ in = 2 ft, what is actual width of the pool? (To figure this out, what else do you need to know?)

30. Scale 2 cm = 1 m pool path decking 7 Scale in everyday life: plans

31.                     Using A Scale Drawing

32. When objects are too small or too large to be drawn or constructed at actual size, people use a scale drawing or a model. The scale drawing of this tree is 1:500 If the height of the tree on paper is 20 inches, what is the height of the tree in real life?

33. The scale is the relationship between the measurements of the drawing or model to the measurements of the object. In real-life, the length of this van may measure 240 inches. However, the length of a copy or print paper that you could use to draw this van is a little bit less than 12 inches

34. Map Scales (Legends) are used to find distances on a map. For example, if your map legend tells you that ½ of an inch represents 50 miles, how could you find the mileage for a 2 inch distance on the map? Map Scales

35. Ratios and proportions can be used to find distances using a scale. Example: 1 inch = 15 miles The distance from Jacksonville to Smithtown on a map is 4 inches. How many miles are between these cities? 1 in. 15 mi. = 4 in n 1n = 60 n = 60 The distance between the two cities is 60 miles . Map Scales

36. Suppose the distance between Coral Springs and Fort Lauderdale is about 4.1 centimeters on the map. What is the actual distance on the ground if the scale is 1 cm = 4.5 km?

37. Use the scale as a fraction. Use cross-products to calculate.

38. I Can Solve Problems Using Scale Drawings! Width of the pool on the blueprint = 1.75 inches. How can you use cross products to figure out how wide the pool really is?

39. I Can Solve Problems Using Scale Drawings! (SOL 7.6)

40. I Can Solve Problems Using Scale Drawings! (SOL 7.6) You can convert the units in a scale to simplify it. When you do that, you end up with a scale factor . It is a ratio written in its simplest form.

41. I Can Solve Problems Using Scale Drawings! (SOL 7.6) 1) Find the scale factor of the blueprint of a school bus parking lot if the scale is written as “1 inch = 8 feet”. 2) On a scale drawing of a new classroom, the scale is 1 centimeter = 2.5 meters. What is the scale factor?

42. I Can Solve Problems Using Scale Drawings! (SOL 7.6) 1) Scale factor = 1/96. That means that each measurement on the blueprint is 1/96 th of the actual measurement of the parking lot. 2) 1 centimeter / 2.5 meters: = 1 cm / (2.5 m x 100) cm = 1 cm / 250 cm = 1/250

43. I Can Solve Problems Using Scale Drawings! (SOL 7.6) If you know the actual length of an object and you know the scale, you can build a scale model. Scale models are used to represent things that are too large or too small for an actual-size model. Examples are cars, planes, trains, rockets, computer chips, heart cells, bacteria.

44. I Can Solve Problems Using Scale Drawings! (SOL 7.6) Designers are creating a larger model of a computer memory board to use in design work. The board measures 5 ¼ inches in length. If they use a scale of 20 inches = 1 inch, what is the length of the model?

45. I Can Solve Problems Using Scale Drawings! Things to remember: When solving proportions, give your answer in the correct unit of measurement. Scale factors do not have units. Equivalent scales have the same scale factor. For example 1 inch = 8 feet and ¼ inch = 2 feet both equal 1/96 (or 1:96) Scale is the ratio between the drawing/model measurement to the actual measurement. Not always the ratio of smaller to larger!

46. If a shape becomes twice as big, the scale factor would be two. If a shape shrinks to half its size, the scale factor is ½. Let’s take a look.

47. Take a look at the RED shape, write down the base and height… Now Look at the BLUE translation and write down the base and height…

48. 4 5 8 10 What did you get? How many times bigger is the blue shape? 2 is your scale factor because 5 x 2 = 10 and 4 x 2 = 8

49. 2 9 3 6 Now take a look at the transformation, what has been the amount of reduction? For 6 to become 2, you must multiply by 1/3 and for 9 to become 3 you must also multiply by 1/3. So your scale factor is….1/3 Both 6 and 9 reduce in size by dividing 3 BUT scale factor must be a relation by multiplying.

50. 8 12 2 Now take a look at the transformation, what has been the amount of enlargement? Both 2 and 3 are multiplied by 4. This means the scale factor is 4. 3

51. D A B C 5 7 21 15 3 1/3 5 10 What is the scale factor?

52. D B A C 8 16 3 2 1/2 8 What is the scale factor?

53. D C A B 12 4 3 1/2 1/3 9 What is the scale factor?

54. D C A B 18 3 9 4 1/6 6 What is the scale factor?

55. C D A B 9 in 16 ft 16 in 8 in A Mustang GT is 16 feet long. A model of it was built with a scale of 1 in : 2 ft. How long is the model.

56. When a figure is dilated, its size is changed by multiplying the length of each side by a scale factor .  All angles remain the same and so the new shape (or image) is similar to the original. Can be found by dividing a new side length by the original side length. When going from a small shape to a larger shape the scale factor is greater than 1. (Enlargement) When going from a large shape to a smaller shape the scale factor is less than 1. (Reduction) Determine the corresponding side lengths. Determine if you are making a larger shape or a smaller shape. Determine if the scale factor is greater than or less than 1. Write the correct ratio. How to find Scale Factor