SCHISTOSOMIASIS Power Point Presentation

Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic disease caused by parasitic worms. People are infected during routine agricultural, domestic, occupational and recreational activities which expose them to infested water.

1. REPORTER:
Alimoden, Jamilla M.

2. GAME OF CHARADES

3. Schistosomiasis
(Bilharzia)
Jamilla M. Alimoden
BSEd-Sciences

4. Learning Outcomes

5. Schistosomiasis,alsoknownas
Bilharzia,or“snailfever,”isadisease
causedbyaparasiticworm.
Theworm,orfluke,hasseveraldifferent
species.Itaffectstheintestinesandthe
urinarysystempreferentially,but
becauseitlivesinthebloodvessels,it
canharmothersystemsinthebodytoo.
Schistosomiasisisanacuteandchronic
neglectedtropicaldisease.
I. SCHISTOSOMIASIS

6. Schistosomiasis is caused by some species of
blood trematodes (flukes) in the genus
Schistosoma.
The species infecting humans:
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma mekongi(rare)
Schistosoma intercalatum(rare)
Schistosoma guineensis(rare)
II. Causative Agent

7. Taxonomy Classification
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Plathyhelminths
Class Trematoda
Order Digenea
Family Schistosomatidae
Genus Schistosoma
Species Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. haematobium, S.
mekongi, S. intercalatum, S. guineensis

9. Geographical Distribution of Schistosomiasis
•221 million people
affected, worldwide
•9 out of 10 infected
people live in Africa
AFFECTED POPULATIONS
▪Women
▪Children
▪Manual workers
▪Fishermen

11. ThedifferentspeciesofSchistosomahave
differenttypesofsnailsservingtheir
intermediatehosts.
•BiomphalariaforS.mansoni
•OncomelaniaforS.japonicum
•BulinusforS.haematobium

12. Distribution of Schistosomiasis in the Philippines
12 MILLION

13. Threemajorfactorsare
responsibleformaintainingthe
transmissionoftheinfection:
1)contaminationoffresh
waterwithexcretacontaining
schistosomeeggs
2)thepresenceofthesnail
intermediatehosts
3)humancontactwithwater-
infestedwithcercariae
(Jordan&Webbe,1993)
III. Mode of Transmission

16. IV. Incubation Period
●4-6 weeks usually pass before egg production
begins.
●Cercariaereach the portal venous system
several days post-infection.
●Toxemic schistosomiasis may develop 6-8
weeks post infection.
●Urinary schistosomiasis may develop 10-12
weeks post infection.
●Adult schistosomes may live 20-30 years.
C
A
B
C
A)S. mansoni
B)S. haematobium
C)S. japonicum

17. IV. Incubation Period
●4-6 weeks usually pass before egg production
begins.
●Cercariaereach the portal venous system
several days post-infection.
●Toxemic schistosomiasis may develop 6-8
weeks post infection.
●Urinary schistosomiasis may develop 10-12
weeks post infection.
●Adult schistosomes may live 20-30 years.
C
A
B
C
Adult Schistosome

18. Whenapersoncomesintocontact
withcontaminatedwater,the
cercariaepenetratetheskinand
migratetothebloodstream.Inside
thebody,theparasitesmatureinto
adultworms,whichcanliveinthe
bloodvesselsoftheintestinesor
urinarysystem.Theadultworms
produceeggs,whicharereleased
intotheenvironmentthroughthe
person'surineorfeces,continuing
thetransmissioncycle.
V. The Disease Process

19. VI. Signs & Symptoms of the Disease
Pathognomonic Sign
The presence of Schistosoma eggsin the stool or
urine is a characteristic sign of schistosomiasis.

20. VII. Medical Management
No vaccine is available for schistosomiasis,
but treatment can help reduce the impact
of infection
•Praziquantelis the drug of choice for
treating schistosomiasis. It is effective
against all species of Schistosoma
parasites.
•Oxamniquineis used exclusively to treat
intestinal schistosomiasis in Africa and
South America.
•Metrifonateis effective for the treatment
of urinary schistosomiasis.

21. VII. Medical Management
Diagnosing Schistosomiasis
•The criterion standard is microscopic egg
detection in urine or feces
•Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and
assays for certain schistosomalcytokines or
biomarkers are currently being studied
•Important laboratory findings include,
1.Eosinophilia
2.Hematuriaand proteinuria(associated with
urinary schistosomiasis
•Helmintextest can detect egg burdens below per
gram in patients with intestinal schistosomiasis

22. VIII. Nursing Responsibilities
A. Disease Prevention & Control
•Educate individuals about the importance of
avoiding contact with freshwater bodies that
may be contaminated with Schistosoma parasites.
•Promote safe water practices, such as using clean and safe
water sources for drinking, bathing, and washing.
•Encourage the use of protective measures, such as wearing
appropriate clothing and footwear when in areas with potential
exposure to contaminated water.

23. VIII. Nursing Responsibilities
B. Nursing Priorities in the Care of the Patients
•Administer praziquantel as prescribed and
monitorthe patient's response to treatment.
•Provide education on proper hygiene practices,
including handwashing and avoiding contact with contaminated
water sources.
•Monitor and manage symptoms, such as fever, abdominal pain,
and skin manifestations.
•Collaborate with other healthcare professionals to ensure
appropriate follow-up and monitoring of the patient's condition.

24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK304343/#:~:text=1%20Taxonomy,Plathyhelminths%3B%20and%20kingdom%2C%20Animalia.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact
sheets/detail/schistosomiasis#:~:text=People%20become%20infected%20when%20larval,eggs%2C%20which%20hatch%20in%20water.
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/treatment.html#:~:text=Safe%20and%20effective%20medication%20is,caused%20by%20all%20
schistosome%20species.&text=For%20Healthcare%20Providers%2C%20Emergency%20Consultations%2C%20and%20General%20Public .
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173081 https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228392-treatment
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=123&section=1.3.2
https://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/mech/cases/case14/schistos.htm
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/health_professionals/index.html
References

25. Q & A

26. Is it safe to eat the snails?
Answer:

27. Is it okay to eat the snails?
Answer: YES, typically safe to
eat when properly cooked.
Edible Snails, also known as
escargot, are usually land snails
from the species Helix pomatia
orCornuaspersum.

28. Thank you!
‘’Everything has a purpose.’’