schizophrenia.pptx

for mental health nursing

1. VIDYAKIRANA COLLEGE OF NURSING BANGLORE SUB.- MENTAL HEALTH NURSING TOPIC- SCHIZOPHRENIA PRESENTTED BY – MRS. SULEKHA DESHMUKH

2. Schizophrenia

3. Introduction Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that has an effect on how a person feel, behaves and thinks It is a brain disorder Its introduce by Eugen Bleuler in 1908

4. Definition Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by disruption in though processes, perception, emotional responsiveness and social interaction, it affect a person’s ability to think, feel and behave clearly Schizophrenia is severe mental disorder that have in common symptoms such as hallucination, delusions, blunted emotions, disorganized thinking and withdrawal from reality.

5. Incidence Schizophrenia occurs equally in male and female, the peak ages of onset are 20-28 year for male and 26-32 year in females. Around 1% of population is affected. diagnosis is based on the patient’s self reported No laboratory test for schizophrenia currently Common in urban areas with those who are unemployed, poor, and homeless

6. Causes of schizophrenia The exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown, research suggested some causes A. biological factors brain chemical imbalance

7. Genetics

8. Neurological development

9. Psychological factors Impaired ego function Mother child relationship low intelligent people Oversensitive people

10. Social factors Social isolation Disorganization of family Low socio- economic level Feeling of hopelessness [ex. I have no future. I will never be happy again No one can help me] Stressful life events

11. Environmental factors Maternal influenza [stillbirth] Malnutrition before birth Viral infection

12. Types of schizophrenia There are five type of schizophrenia, each based on the kind of symptoms the person has at the time of assessment Paranoid schizophrenia Disorganized schizophrenia Catatonic schizophrenia Undifferentiated schizophrenia Residual schizophrenia

13. Paranoid schizophrenia

14. Paranoid type schizophrenia is characterized by delusions and auditory hallucination but emotion and speech will not affected. The delusion can often be being some other person who is famous. At the workplace he has the false believe that co workers talk about behind his back and laugh quietly as he passes by

15. Disorganized schizophrenia/hebephrenic

16. Catatonic schizophrenia

17. Undifferentiated schizophrenia

18. Undifferentiated type of schizophrenia is characterized by episodes of two or more of following symptoms delusion hallucination, disorganized speech or behavior, catatonic behavior or negative symptoms but the individual does not qualify for a diagnosis of paranoid, disorganized or catatonic type of schizophrenia.

19. Residual schizophrenia

20. Residual type of schizophrenia is characterized by a past history of at least one episode of schizophrenia but the person currently has no positive symptoms (delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech or behavior)

21. Sign and symptoms Positive symptoms Delusion – false beliefs that are not based in reality Hallucination – involving seeing or hearing things that don’t exit Disorganized speech and thinking- effective communication can be impaired and questions may be partially or completely unrelated. Catatonia- purposeless abnormal motor activity or aggressive behaviour

22. Negative symptoms Flat effect – reduced expression of emotion via facial expression voice tone Alogia – reduce speech Avolition- inability to begin and sustain activities A sociality – withdrawal from social contacts

23. Cognitive symptoms

24. Diagnostic evaluation History collection Physical examination Neurological examination Mental status examination Blood investigation CT and MRI scan

25. Treatment modalities

26. Non- pharmacotherapy Group therapy Behavior therapy Social skill training Family therapy ECT

27. Pharmacological treatment

28. Typical antipsychotic [1950] ex.- haloperidol Atypical antipsychotic[1990] ex.- risperidone

29. Nursing responsibility