SCOPE OF PHARMACY

This presentation gives a brief about history of pharmacy and various scope in the pharmacy field including clinical, community, hospital and education pharmacy. It also describes the future and challenges of pharmacy.

1. PHARMACEUTICS-I SCOPE OF PHARMACY

2. CONTENTS Introduction History of Pharmacy Pharmacist in the Pharmaceutical Industries Pharmaceutical Industries in India Pharmacists in Practice Setting Community Pharmacy Hospital Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Other settings Pharmacy education in India Areas of specialization 6. Pharmacy and Jobs abroad The future of Pharmacy and Challenges Future of Pharmacy Challenges of Pharmacy

3. INTRODUCTION Pharmacists work in a variety of health care settings as health care professionals. Pharmacist who are in direct contact with patients represent the face of pharmacy profession. Ranked by Gallop Poll ,pharmacy is the one of the most trustworthy profession. Pharmacists represent third largest healthcare professional group in the world. Pharmacists enjoy substantial rewards for their efforts- both professional and monetary.

4. HISTORY OF PHARMACY Pharmacy is known to be as the art and science of making medicines. In ancient time ,physicians themselves practiced pharmacy Hippocrates (father of medicine) ,the great Greek physician ,made his own prescriptions. Apothecary is a historical name for medical professional who formulates and dispenses medicines to physicians and patients . Pharmacists are modern day apothecaries. The increasing complexity of medical formulae and the labour involved in making them ,prompted the separation of pharmacy from medicine(1240AD).

5. In India too, physician himself was philosopher, physician and pharmacist ,all combined in one. Post World War II, preparations of medicines was taken over by pharmaceutical industries . The independent Government of India enacted “The Pharmacy Act” to control Pharmacy profession as well as education, in 1948. At certificate level, pharmacy education started in 1842 in Goa by the Portuguese As a university level programme ,in 1937 ,at the Banaras Hindu University(Varanasi). INDIAN HISTORY OF PHARMACY

6. PHARMACISTS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES AREA OF PHARMA INDUSTRY HANDS ON/ SUPERVISORY ROLE OF PHARMACIST RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Drug discovery, research engineering, formulation and process development ,stability , packaging environment. PRODUC TION / MANUFACTURING Production/ manufacture of bulk drugs & intermediates, finished medicines, vaccines & other biological products, veterinary & ayurvedic medicines ,diagnostic products , etc. PACKAGING Various stages of packaging of pharmaceuticals. QUALITY CONTROL Product testing through the lifecycle of the drug and finished product (from raw materials, packaging materials to finished goods/stability etc ) QUALITY ASSURANCE Preparing, reviewing and submitting documents ,conducting trainings , hence assuring overall quality management. SALES AND MARKETING Strategic planning , team management and marketing of pharmaceuticals . Working as a medical representative. REGULATORY AFFAIRS Preparing , reviewing , communicating ,submitting registration documents on pharmaceuticals to regulatory agencies to get R&D testing , production and market approvals , issues related to patents.

7. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN INDIA Main architect : Acharya P.C. Ray , founder of Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceutics work Ltd. (established 1901). India has highest number of US FDA approved drug manufacturing units (DMUs) outside USA. All DMUs follow Schedule M of the Drugs and Cosmetic Act to follow Good Manufacturing Processes. Today we have 270 large and 5600 small licensed pharmaceutical manufacturers. Indian Pharmaceutical Industry ranks globally : 14 th in global sales value, 3 rd in volume of sales , one of top 5 bulk drug manufacturers. This sector has estimated 2.20 lakh employment opportunities.

8. PHARMACIST DOCTOR NURSE PATIENT WELFARE COMMUNITY PHARMACY (medical store, chemists and druggists) HOSPITAL PHARMACY (Private hospitals ,public hospitals , PHCs-primary health care centers ,CHCs –community health care centers, district hospitals ,tertiary and teaching hospitals ) CLINICAL PHARMACY (in patient care settings-both in hospital and community pharmacy) PHARMACISTS IN PRACTICE SETTING

9. COMMUNITY RETAIL Employed as pharmacist or can start his own pharmacy Prescription handling ,checking for safety ,correctness. Maintaining patients medical records and dispensing of medicines. Patient counselling ,demonstration of medical device Health promotion (disease prevention) and nutrition advice. Doing screen tests (blood pressure ,blood sugar , height-weight ,peak flow , etc ) Responding to symptoms and recommending medicines for simple ailments. Managing inventory and storage of medicines and allied products.

10. HOSPITAL PHARMACY Managing inventory and storage of medicines and allied products. Small scale manufacturing /compounding , sterile supply. Health promotion and dispensing of medicines. Patient counselling Medicine selection Taking part in National health Programmes .

11. CLINICAL PHARMACY ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction ) prevention, detection , monitoring. Reducing drug interaction and drug related problem. Taking patient medication history. Taking part in ward round along with doctors and nurses. Deciding adjusting medicine dosing for patients. Providing drug information.

12. OTHER SETTINGS ACADEMICS REGULATORY (GOVERNMENT) CLINICAL RESEARCH Pharmacists as teachers. One needs to be post graduate in Pharmacy to qualify as a lecturer and then Ph.D. is very much essential. Pharmacists work in the Drug Control Department where they are involved in in regulating various aspects of this industry . The CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Drug Control)is central body in India for drug control. CROs (Clinical Research Organisation )are also staffed with pharmacists ,with services like : Feasibility studies and protocol management. Report writing and monitoring . C ase report form : review and designing. B io analytical services. Q uality assurance and data management . Data management for global trials. Conduction of bioavailaibility studies.

13. PHARMACY EDUCATION IN INDIA DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY (D. Pharm) BACHELOR OF PHARMACY (B. Pharm) DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (Pharm. D.) 10+2 PCM/PCB/PCMB+CET wherever applicable. 10+2 (PCB/PCM/PCMB) or D. Pharm. 2 year full time course 4 year full time course 6 year full time course POSTGRADUATION M. Pharm. DOCTORATE Ph.D. in Pharmacy Minimum requirement: B .Pharm on merit 2 year course +1 year research work. Minimum requirement: M. Pharm 3 year course 10+2 Science

14. AREAS OF SPECIALISATION Pharmaceutics Industrial Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Analysis Pharmacognosy Pharmacology Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Regulatory affairs Pharmacy Practice Quality Assurance

15. PHARMACY AND JOBS ABROAD EXAMS TO QUALIFY FOR EDUCATION GRE (Graduate Record Exam) IELTS (International English Language Testing System) After clearing country specifics exams , jobs are available in: U.S.A Yemen Canada U.A.E U.K. Saudi Arabia France New Zealand Germany Singapore South Africa Korea Nigeria Japan TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign language)

16. THE FUTURE OF PHARMACY AND CHALLENGES FUTURE OF PHARMACY Proper treatment of lifestyle diseases like diabetes,hypertension , cancer , coronary heart disease ,etc. Help in production , distribution , storage and dispension of quality medicines. Active role in providing basic health care and advice on medicine use,health promotion and self medication in rural areas. Look upon new avenues in immunization, tobacco cessation, couseling services,etc . Pharmacists will be in increasing demand in sectors like research, maketing , clinical community , academics,regulatory affairs ,both in country and abroad. Development of new medicines for both tropical and chronic diseases

17. CHALLENGES OF PHARMACY Rising cost of healthcare Increasing disease burden Advent of new disease Irrational use of medicine Non availability of health care centres in sufficient numbers

18. REFERENCES Indian Pharmaceutical Association, “A Career in Pharmacy”, Pharmacy Council of India , November 2009, 6-35. Image sources: www.google.com

19. Thank You!