scriptwriting lecture.pdf

screenplay

1. INT. LECTURE HALL –DAY
Iain stands at the front of the
room, talking, while his class
sits around enraptured.
At the back of the class Russ
has fallen asleep on his desk,
hood pulled up over his head.
IAIN:
Russ, wake up. You’re in film
class.
Writing a film script
A quick introduction to:
Acts & plot twists
Understanding scenes
Action, Dialogue & character

2. Today you will learn about creative
planning for film productions.
Creative planning is perhaps the most important
part of any film production.
Without a good idea it doesn’t matter how
successfully the rest of the planning, filming and
editing goes; a poorly thought out, weak,
unoriginal or derivative idea will make for a
weak film.

3. Creative planning is important…
But what is it?
Creative planning is all the planning and
development we do to flesh out our ideas, and
turn them into a filmable plan. This includes:
1.Script (or screenplay)
2.Proposal (or treatment)
3.Storyboards

4. Today
You will be learning about script-writing (or
screen-writing).

5. By the end of today, you
•MUSTunderstand the basic structure of a film
script
•SHOULDunderstand the different
components of a scene
•COULDunderstand how to develop your
charactersinto more believable people.

6. A quick reminder
What are the three things that make up any films
concept?
1.A person
2.In a place
3.Trying to do something
If you don’t know about film concepts check out
SydFields rule of story conceptingbefore you go
any further. It’s the first step to a good film script.

7. What is a script?
Your film scriptis the written version of
your films story.
A script (also known as a screenplay) is a piece of
creative writingwhich sets out what happens in your
film; where it takes place, who’s in it, what they say.
Like any story it is written with a beginning, a middle and
an end. Unlike a novel it is written in a set format.

8. A typical script structure
The films narrative (or story) is broken down into 3
acts:
1.Act 1: beginning, where the characters & story are
setup, and the heroes goal is revealed.
2.Act 2: middle, where the conflicthappens & people try
to stop the hero from achieving their goal.
3.Act 3: the end, where problems are resolvedand the
character either succeeds or fails to achieve their goal.
In a typical single (or feature film) each act lasts roughly 30
minutes, apart from act 2 which can last up to an hour.

9. A typical script structure
But how do you stop a film feeling boring
or predictable?
Well, you need plot twistsof course!
At the end of each act there’s normally a
twist which moves the story forward in a
new way, throwing unexpected challenges
at our hero.

10. Plot twists? Like what? How about…
•Luke Skywalkersparents are killed by the
empire!
•Obi-Wan Kenobi gets killed by Darth Vader!
•Ra’s Al Ghulis alive & burns down Wayne
Manor!
•The Joker escapes custody!
•Iron Man escapes captivity and returns to
America!

11. So the basic structure of a film story is…
–Beginning
•ACT 1: setup
–Plot twist
•ACT 2: conflict
–Plot twist
•ACT 3: resolution
–ending

12. So how do we actually write each Act?
Each act is made up of lots of connected scenes(which
we call a sequence).
A sceneis a part of the story that is set in a specific place,
at a specific time, where something specific happens.
•Eg. INT. WAYNE MANOR BALLROOM –NIGHT
If the story moves to another place, even if its just
another room in the same building, it is technically a new
scene.

13. Acts & scenes
Its easy to tell where new scenes begin because we
write a new sluglineevery time we start a new scene.
INT. WAYNE MANOR BALLROOM –NIGHT
A sluglineis broken down into 3 parts
1.Whether we are inside or outside the location, either INT.(interior,
inside) or EXT.(exterior, outside)
2. The actual location
3. The time of day, either -DAY or -NIGHT

14. Lets have a look at a scene

15. What have we got at the start of the scene?

16. At the start of the scene we have our
slugline, this tells us when & where we are

17. What’s happening in this part of
the script?

18. We call this the action. It describes
what the characters are doing.

19. Some people get actionconfused with
ACTION! (cue pyrotechnics)
In script terms action doesn’t necessarily mean
exciting thingslike explosions, shoot outs, chase
scenes etc…

20. Some people get actionconfused with
ACTION! (cue pyrotechnics)
In script terms action is just a phrase we use to
describe people doing things.
Those things could be mundane, everyday things
like walking, sitting, drinking a cup of tea, waiting
for a bus, logging onto a computer
or they could also be more exciting things like
torpedoing a death star, blowing off the safe doors
etc…

21. Action is always indented to the
left of the page

22. All of the actionis written in present tense.
I.E. its happening in the here and now.

23. Good action drives the story forward!
Film (and TV) is a visual medium, we want to
see the story happening rather than hearing
characters talk about what’s happening.
Like lightning, Bane has the CIA Man is his
handcuffed arms, legs wrapped around a seat back,
The entire cabin upends. Tumbling chaos -Soldiers
falling -Bane cracks CIA Man's neck and drops him
onto the Sergeant -they tumble down the plane,
smashing into the cockpit door with a terminal thud.
Dr. Pavel, strapped in, pushes against the seat in
front of him -the plane vibrates, trying to tear
itself apart.

24. What do we call it when characters are
speaking?

25. What characters say is called dialogue

26. Dialogue is made up of 2 things:
1. whois speaking (character)

27. Dialogue is made up of 2 things:
1. whois speaking (character)
2. what they’re saying(their lines)

28. Dialogue is always indented to the
centerof the page

29. Dialogue is one of the hardest things
to write.
You need to find each characters individual voice, you
need to think about:
1.what their motivationsare (their goals)
2.how their moodis affecting what they say,
3.how their dialogue serves your scene (do you need
the scene to end in a certain way? Does the character
need to find anything specific out? Etc…)
(important: every scene needs to have a purpose,
dialogue should help serve that purpose)

30. How do I write better dialogue?
Well, it takes a lot of practice, but the first step is to
know your character.
•What are their beliefs?
•How have their past experiences (their backstory)
helped to form those beliefs?
•How do those beliefsshape the way they act?
•What do they think of other characters & why?
•All of these are their character traits.

31. Think about how different everyone
around you is, and why that might be.
The characters in your screenplay should be as
diverse and unique as them too.

32. How do you understand your
characters better?
You need to get into their mind
and understand what makes
them tick.
Try talking to them; ask them
questions to help you
understand their motivations.
If their answers don’t add up,
you need to develop your
characters more. Don’t worry;
its part of the process.

33. Writing scripts is a craft
(an art requiring special skill)
Like any craft it takes:
•Patience
•Practice
•Study
•Self criticism
•Improvement
•A good vocabulary
•Practice
•Practice
•Practice

34. What should I do next?
Step 1: read more screenplays
http://www.imsdb.com
Step 2: try to build up your vocabulary(especially action
verbs & synonyms)
http://www.dictionary.com/
Step 3: try to think of some simple story concepts and
grow your ideas from there (rather than thinking of “cool
scenes” and reverse engineering how your script gets
there)